BrainAreaFEC

Forebrain Execution Control Area

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Local Circuits

(generated)

ID	Name	Regions
FECAF	Cognitive Motivational Salience	FEC.FD.STN.DL, FEC.FT.ACC.SH, FEC.FT.GPE.RM, FEC.FT.GPI.RM, FEC.FT.VP.VM
FECEXE	Executive/Cognitive Loop	FEC.FD.STN.CD, FEC.FT.CN.HD, FEC.FT.GPE.DS, FEC.FT.GPI.DS, FEC.FT.SNC.LT, FEC.FT.SNR.RM
FECLM	Motor Motivational Salience	FEC.FT.ACC.CORE, FEC.FT.CN.TL, FEC.FT.IPAC.LT, FEC.FT.PU.VT, FEC.FT.SNC.MED, FEC.FT.SNR.MED, FEC.FT.VP.DL
FECME	Motor Extensor Loop	FEC.FD.STN.MED, FEC.FD.TH.PF, FEC.FT.GPE.MED, FEC.FT.GPI.MED, FEC.FT.PU.MED, FEC.FT.SNR.DL
FECMF	Motor Flexor Loop	FEC.FD.STN.LT, FEC.FD.TH.CM, FEC.FT.GPE.LT, FEC.FT.GPI.LT, FEC.FT.PU.LT, FEC.HT.TG.IPD, FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
FECOM	Oculomotor and Auditory/Association Loop	FEC.FD.STN.ICD, FEC.FT.CN.BD, FEC.FT.GPE.DL, FEC.FT.GPI.DL, FEC.FT.SNR.VL

Cognitive Motivational Salience

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
FEC.FD.STN.DL	Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral	nucleus	FEU	Motivational loop
FEC.FT.ACC.SH	Nucleus Accumbens Shell	nucleus	FEU	cognitive processing of motivational salience (wanting) as well as reward and reinforcement effects
FEC.FT.GPE.RM	Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial	nucleus	FEU	Motivational loop
FEC.FT.GPI.RM	Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial	nucleus	FEU	Motivational loop
FEC.FT.VP.VM	Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial	nucleus	FEU	motivational loop, NAcc-shell	projects to VTA, MD; circuit - VP-VM-medial, VMPFC, NAcc-medial-shell, MD-rostral-medial; circuit - VP-VM-lateral, VINS, NAcc-VL, MD-central

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
FEC.FD.STN.DL	FEC.FT.GPE.RM	nucleus-nucleus	Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (STN -> GPe, abstract)
	FEC.FT.GPI.RM	nucleus-nucleus	Basal Ganglia Activity (STN -> GPi, abstract)
	FEC.FT.VP.VM	nucleus-nucleus	Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN -> VP, abstract)
FEC.FT.ACC.SH	FEC.FT.VP.VM	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Craving (NACC -> VPAL, abstract)
FEC.FT.GPE.RM	FEC.FT.GPI.RM	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG	Posterior Cingulate Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
NDM	FEC.FD.STN.DL	NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR	Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Serotonin regulation of subthalamic neurons (CTX -> STN, abstract)
	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	NDM.NC.AL.VACG	Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)
		FEC.FT.SNC.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)
	FEC.FT.GPI.RM	FEC.FT.CN.TL	Caudate Nucleus Tail	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)
	FEC.FT.VP.VM	FEC.FT.IPAC.LT	Lateral Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
LAC	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	LAC.FD.HT.VM	Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VMN -> NAc, abstract)
LMC	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)
LPC	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	LPC.HL.SOL	Solitary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (NTS -> NAc, abstract)
		LPC.HT.PRF.PB	Parabrachial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (PBN -> NAc, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	FEC.FT.VP.VM	NCP.FD.TH.MDC	Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)
NDM	FEC.FT.GPI.RM	NDM.FD.TH.MDM	Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	FAM.FD.MHB	Medial Habenula	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Connectivity map of the habenula (NAc -> M, abstract)
	FEC.FT.VP.VM	FAM.FD.LHB.MED	Lateral Habenula Medial Part	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (VP -> LHbM, abstract)
		FAM.FD.TH.PT	Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)
FEC	FEC.FD.STN.DL	FEC.FT.PU.VT	Ventral Putamen	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		FEC.FT.SNR.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	FEC.FT.IPAC.LT	Lateral Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
	FEC.FT.GPE.RM	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)
	FEC.FT.GPI.RM	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)
	FEC.FT.VP.VM	FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
LAC	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
LMC	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	LMC.FT.NBM	Basal Nucleus of Meynert	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)
	FEC.FT.VP.VM	LMC.HT.TG.PPN	Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VPAL -> PPTG, abstract)
		LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract)

Executive/Cognitive Loop

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
FEC.FD.STN.CD	Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal	nucleus	FEU	Executive loop
FEC.FT.CN.HD	Caudate Nucleus Head	nucleus	FEU	Feedback processing, result of incorrect categorization	LPFC, BA 9
FEC.FT.GPE.DS	Globus Pallidus External Dorsal	nucleus	FEU	Executive loop
FEC.FT.GPI.DS	Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal	nucleus	FEU	Executive loop	output nucleus for caudate nucleus
FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral	nucleus	FEU	executive loop	DP, dorsal circuits
FEC.FT.SNR.RM	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial	nucleus	FEU	Executive loop

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
FEC.FD.STN.CD	FEC.FT.GPE.DS	nucleus-nucleus	Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (STN -> GPe, abstract)
	FEC.FT.GPI.DS	nucleus-nucleus	Basal Ganglia Activity (STN -> GPi, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.RM	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
FEC.FT.CN.HD	FEC.FT.GPI.DS	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccades and smooth movements (CN -> SN, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.RM	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccades and smooth movements (CN -> SN, abstract)
FEC.FT.GPE.DS	FEC.FT.GPI.DS	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
	FEC.FT.SNR.RM	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)
FEC.FT.GPI.DS	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)
FEC.FT.SNR.RM	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	FEC.FD.STN.CD	NDM.NC.AL.DACG	Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-nucleus	Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (ACG -> STN, abstract)
	FEC.FT.CN.HD	NDM.NC.AL.DACG	Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
		NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	FAM.FD.LHB.MED	Lateral Habenula Medial Part	nucleus-nucleus	Habenula Connections (LHb -> SNc, abstract)
FEC	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Oculomotor decision-making (SNr -> SNc)
		FEC.HT.TG.IPD	Interpeduncular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> SNc, abstract)
LAC	FEC.FD.STN.CD	LAC.FD.HT.VM	Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	Deep Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Global visual system (SCi -> SNc, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	FEC.FT.GPI.DS	NMA.FD.TH.VA	Ventral Anterior Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM	FEC.FT.GPI.DS	FAM.FD.LHB.LT	Lateral Habenula Lateral Part	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Habenula Connections (GPi -> LHb, abstract)
FEC	FEC.FT.CN.HD	FEC.FT.GPE.MED	Globus Pallidus External Medial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (CN.PU -> GP, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	Nucleus Accumbens Shell	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)
		FEC.FT.PU.LT	Dorsal Putamen Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (SNC -> PU)
		FEC.FT.PU.MED	Dorsal Putamen Medial	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)
LLC	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	LLC.HT.CR.CC	Cerebellar Lateral Lobe	nucleus-allocortex-DA	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (SN -> CR, abstract)
		LLC.MM.RD	Red Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-DA	(unknown reference)
LMC	FEC.FD.STN.CD	LMC.FT.NBM	Basal Nucleus of Meynert	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Motor Motivational Salience

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
FEC.FT.ACC.CORE	Nucleus Accumbens Core	nucleus	FEU	cognitive processing of motor function related to reward and reinforcement; encodes new motor programs which facilitate acquisition of given reward in future
FEC.FT.CN.TL	Caudate Nucleus Tail	nucleus	FEU	Successful classification learning, correct categorization	ITC, STC
FEC.FT.IPAC.LT	Lateral Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus	nucleus	FAU	Striatal territory	innervates the pallidal complex, substantia nigra and retrorubral field
FEC.FT.PU.VT	Ventral Putamen	nucleus	FEU	Evaluation of flavors, taste, motivation loop
FEC.FT.SNC.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial	nucleus	FEU	motivational loop	VP, ventral circuits
FEC.FT.SNR.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial	nucleus	FEU	Motivational loop
FEC.FT.VP.DL	Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral	nucleus	FEU	motivational loop, NAcc-core	projects to STN, MD; circuit - VP-DL-rostral, DLPFC, NAcc-core-rostral, MD-rostral-lateral; circuit - VP-DL-caudal, DINS, NAcc-core-caudal, MD-caudal-medial

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
FEC.FT.ACC.CORE	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Craving (NACC -> SNr, abstract)
	FEC.FT.VP.DL	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Craving (NACC -> VPAL, abstract)
FEC.FT.CN.TL	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccades and smooth movements (CN -> SN, abstract)
FEC.FT.PU.VT	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
FEC.FT.SNR.MED	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
FEC.FT.VP.DL	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Craving (VPAL -> SNr, abstract)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	FEC.FT.ACC.CORE	NDM.FD.TH.PV	Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		NDM.NC.AL.FPC	Lateral Frontopolar Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Affective basal ganglia circuit (OMPFC -> NACC, abstract)
	FEC.FT.CN.TL	NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR	Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
	FEC.FT.PU.VT	NDM.NC.AL.VACG	Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	NDM.NC.AL.FPC	Lateral Frontopolar Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM	FEC.FT.ACC.CORE	FAM.FD.TH.PT	Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		FAM.FT.AM.BP	Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Amygdala and its network (BLN -> NACC, abstract)
	FEC.FT.CN.TL	FAM.FT.AM.AB	Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	FAM.FT.BNST	Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
FEC	FEC.FT.IPAC.LT	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	Nucleus Accumbens Shell	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
	FEC.FT.PU.VT	FEC.FD.STN.DL	Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	FEC.FT.GPI.RM	Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)
		FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> SNc, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	FEC.FD.STN.DL	Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		FEC.FT.GPE.RM	Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)
FMM	FEC.FT.ACC.CORE	FMM.FD.TH.RH	Rhomboidal Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		FMM.FT.HC.CA1D	Distal CA1 of Hippocampus	allocortex-nucleus	Nucleus Accumbens (CA1 -> NACC, abstract)
		FMM.FT.HF.SUBD	Distal Subiculum	allocortex-nucleus	Nucleus Accumbens (SUB -> NACC, abstract)
		FMM.FT.HF.SUBP	Proximal Subiculum	allocortex-nucleus	Nucleus Accumbens (SUB -> NACC, abstract)
		FMM.NC.PH.LEC	Lateral Entorhinal Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Nucleus Accumbens (EC -> NACC, abstract)
		FMM.NC.PH.PAS	Parasubiculum	neocortex-nucleus	Nucleus Accumbens (PAS -> NACC, abstract)
		FMM.NC.PH.PER	Perirhinal Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Nucleus Accumbens (PRR -> NACC, abstract)
LMC	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	LMC.HT.LC	Locus Coeruleus	nucleus-nucleus-NE	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	NMA.FD.TH.MDL	Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)
	FEC.FT.VP.DL	NMA.FD.TH.MDL	Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM	FEC.FT.ACC.CORE	FAM.FD.LHB.LT	Lateral Habenula Lateral Part	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Connectivity map of the habenula (NAc -> L, abstract)
	FEC.FT.PU.VT	FAM.FT.EPF	Endopiriform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Connectivity map of the habenula (CPu -> EP, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	FAM.FT.AM.CEM	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-DA	(unknown reference)
FEC	FEC.FT.CN.TL	FEC.FT.GPI.RM	Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)
	FEC.FT.IPAC.LT	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
		FEC.FT.VP.VM	Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	Nucleus Accumbens Shell	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	Interpeduncular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
LAC	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	LAC.FD.HT.SUM	Supramammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-DA	(unknown reference)
LMC	FEC.FT.ACC.CORE	LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)
LRC	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	LRC.HT.PRF.PVR	Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-DA	(unknown reference)

Motor Extensor Loop

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
FEC.FD.STN.MED	Subthalamic Nucleus Medial	nucleus	FEU	Motor Extensor loop
FEC.FD.TH.PF	Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus	FEU	Stimulation of acetylcholine release in dorsal striata	Part of ascending activating system
FEC.FT.GPE.MED	Globus Pallidus External Medial	nucleus	FEU	Extensor loop	Body extensor movements, trunk and girdles
FEC.FT.GPI.MED	Globus Pallidus Internal Medial	nucleus	FEU	Motor extensor loop	indirect path
FEC.FT.PU.MED	Dorsal Putamen Medial	nucleus	FEU	Extensor motor initiation	dorsomedial, SMC and PMC - overlap, BA 6,46
FEC.FT.SNR.DL	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral	nucleus	FEU	Extensor motor loop, head

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
FEC.FD.STN.MED	FEC.FT.GPE.MED	nucleus-nucleus	Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (STN -> GPe, abstract)
	FEC.FT.GPI.MED	nucleus-nucleus	Basal Ganglia Activity (STN -> GPi, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	nucleus-nucleus	Saccadic Vision (STN -> SNpr, abstract)
FEC.FD.TH.PF	FEC.FT.PU.MED	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
FEC.FT.GPE.MED	FEC.FT.GPI.MED	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)
FEC.FT.GPI.MED	FEC.FD.TH.PF	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)
FEC.FT.PU.MED	FEC.FT.GPE.MED	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Basal Ganglia Activity (PU -> GPo, abstract)
	FEC.FT.GPI.MED	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Global visual system (Striatum -> SNr, abstract)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	FEC.FD.STN.MED	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-nucleus	Serotonin regulation of subthalamic neurons (CTX -> STN, abstract)
	FEC.FT.PU.MED	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
		NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Primate Control of Grasping (F5 -> BG, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-nucleus	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> BG, abstract)
NPE	FEC.FD.STN.MED	NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-nucleus	Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (FEF -> STN, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM	FEC.FD.TH.PF	FAM.FT.SEP.MED	Medial Septal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	(unknown reference)
FEC	FEC.FT.GPE.MED	FEC.FT.CN.HD	Caudate Nucleus Head	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (CN.PU -> GP, abstract)
	FEC.FT.PU.MED	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	FEC.FT.CN.BD	Caudate Nucleus Body	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Global visual system (Striatum -> SNr, abstract)
		FEC.FT.IPAC.LT	Lateral Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
LMC	FEC.FD.STN.MED	LMC.HT.TG.PPN	Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> STN, abstract)
	FEC.FT.PU.MED	LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	LMC.HT.TG.PPN	Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> SNr, abstract)
LPC	FEC.FT.PU.MED	LPC.HT.PRF.PB	Parabrachial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (PBN -> DS, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	FEC.FT.GPI.MED	NMA.FD.TH.VA	Ventral Anterior Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	NMA.FD.TH.VA	Ventral Anterior Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Oculomotor decision-making (SNr -> SNc)
LRC	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Global visual system (SNr -> SCi, abstract)

Motor Flexor Loop

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
FEC.FD.STN.LT	Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral	nucleus	FEU	Motor Flexor loop
FEC.FD.TH.CM	Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus	FEU	Control of level of cortical activity	Lesions lead to persistent vegetative state
FEC.FT.GPE.LT	Globus Pallidus External Lateral	nucleus	FEU	Flexor loop
FEC.FT.GPI.LT	Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral	nucleus	FEU	Motor flexor loop	output nuclei of basal ganglia to neocortex, leg, arm, face; lateral - leg, medial - arm, ventral - face
FEC.FT.PU.LT	Dorsal Putamen Lateral	nucleus	FEU	Flexor motor initiation	ventrolateral, D1 receptor, MC and S1 - overlap, TH/CM from GPi; DL-leg, RL-face, VM-arms
FEC.HT.TG.IPD	Interpeduncular Nucleus	nucleus	FEU	postural control, voluntary arm and eye movements	unpaired
FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus	FEU	locomotion - walking, running	VTA tail

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
FEC.FD.STN.LT	FEC.FT.GPE.LT	nucleus-nucleus	Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (STN -> GPe, abstract)
	FEC.FT.GPI.LT	nucleus-nucleus	Basal Ganglia Activity (STN -> GPi, abstract)
	FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
FEC.FD.TH.CM	FEC.FT.PU.LT	nucleus-nucleus	Thalamocortical relationships (CM -> pCM, abstract)
FEC.FT.GPE.LT	FEC.FT.GPI.LT	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
FEC.FT.GPI.LT	FEC.FD.TH.CM	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (sCM -> CM, abstract)
FEC.FT.PU.LT	FEC.FT.GPI.LT	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)
FEC.HT.TG.IPD	FEC.FD.STN.LT	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	(unknown reference)
FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	FEC.FT.PU.LT	NCP.FD.TH.RIL	Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		NCP.NC.PG.S1	Primary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Basal Ganglia Activity (S1 -> PU, abstract)
NMA	FEC.FD.STN.LT	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (MC -> STN, abstract)
	FEC.FT.PU.LT	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Basal Ganglia Activity (M1 -> PU, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	FAM.FD.MHB	Medial Habenula	nucleus-nucleus	Connectivity map of the habenula (M -> IPN)
	FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	FAM.FD.LHB.LT	Lateral Habenula Lateral Part	nucleus-nucleus	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbL -> RMTg)
		FAM.FD.LHB.MED	Lateral Habenula Medial Part	nucleus-nucleus	Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHbM -> RMTg)
FEC	FEC.FT.PU.LT	FEC.FT.CN.BD	Caudate Nucleus Body	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Regulation of Social Brain (Caud -> Put, abstract)
		FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (SNC -> PU)
	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	FEC.FD.STN.ICD	Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		FEC.FT.SNR.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
	FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	FEC.FT.VP.VM	Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
LLC	FEC.FD.TH.CM	LLC.HT.CR.EN	Emboliform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	FEC.FT.PU.LT	LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract)
	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	LMC.HT.LC	Locus Coeruleus	nucleus-nucleus-NE	Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> IPN)
		LMC.HT.TG.LDT	Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	(unknown reference)
LPC	FEC.FT.PU.LT	LPC.HT.PRF.PB	Parabrachial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (PBN -> DS, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	FEC.FT.GPI.LT	NMA.FD.TH.VL	Ventral Lateral Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (s2VL -> VL, abstract)
NSA	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	NSA.FD.LGN	Lateral Geniculate Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	(unknown reference)
Subcortical
FEC	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> SNc, abstract)
	FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> SNc, abstract)
FMM	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	FMM.FT.HC.CA3P	Proximal CA3 of Hippocampus	nucleus-allocortex-ACh	Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> Hippo, abstract)
LAC	FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
LMC	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	LMC.HL.RP.MG	Raphe Magnus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> Raphe, abstract)
		LMC.HT.TG.LDT	Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	Head Direction Cell Circuit (IPD -> DTN)
		LMC.MM.PAG	Periaqueductal Gray Matter	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> PAG)
		LMC.MM.RP.DRN	Dorsal Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> DRN)
		LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> VTA)
	FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	LMC.HL.RP.MG	Raphe Magnus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> MRN, abstract)
		LMC.HT.TG.LDT	Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
		LMC.MM.RP.DRN	Dorsal Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> DRN)
		LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Amygdala and its network (RMTG -> VTA)
LRC	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	(unknown reference)

Oculomotor and Auditory/Association Loop

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
FEC.FD.STN.ICD	Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal	nucleus	FEU	Oculomotor loop
FEC.FT.CN.BD	Caudate Nucleus Body	nucleus	FEU	Oculomotor learning	FEF, SEF
FEC.FT.GPE.DL	Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral	nucleus	FEU	Oculomotor loop
FEC.FT.GPI.DL	Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral	nucleus	FEU	Oculomotor loop
FEC.FT.SNR.VL	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral	nucleus	FEU	Oculomotor loop

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
FEC.FD.STN.ICD	FEC.FT.GPE.DL	nucleus-nucleus	Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (STN -> GPe, abstract)
	FEC.FT.GPI.DL	nucleus-nucleus	Basal Ganglia Activity (STN -> GPi, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.VL	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
FEC.FT.CN.BD	FEC.FT.GPI.DL	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)
	FEC.FT.SNR.VL	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccades and smooth movements (CN -> SN, abstract)
FEC.FT.GPE.DL	FEC.FT.GPI.DL	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	FEC.FT.CN.BD	NCP.FD.TH.LI	Limitans Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
NDM	FEC.FT.CN.BD	NDM.NC.AL.VACG	Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
NPE	FEC.FT.CN.BD	NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
NSA	FEC.FT.CN.BD	NSA.NC.IT.TE	Inferotemporal Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		NSA.NC.TTG.A2	Auditory Association Area	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
Subcortical
LMC	FEC.FD.STN.ICD	LMC.MM.RP.SUC	Superior Central Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-5HT	(unknown reference)
LRC	FEC.FD.STN.ICD	LRC.MM.PT.PTA	Anterior Pretectum Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NPE	FEC.FT.GPI.DL	NPE.FD.TH.LP	Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	FEC.FD.STN.ICD	FEC.HT.TG.IPD	Interpeduncular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	FEC.FT.CN.BD	FEC.FT.PU.LT	Dorsal Putamen Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Regulation of Social Brain (Caud -> Put, abstract)
		FEC.FT.SNR.DL	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Global visual system (Striatum -> SNr, abstract)
LRC	FEC.FT.SNR.VL	LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> SCi, abstract)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract - see Reference (CM.ONUF)

CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
DVM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN
IMG=Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG
IML=Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
MPOA=Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO
NBM=Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM
ONF=Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF
PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PEL=Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG
PU=Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
SNC=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SPS=Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
ZI=Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI

• Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems - see Reference (CF.HB-DA5HT)

DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB
DRN=Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN
GPb=Dorsal Pallidum,FEC.FT.DP (see Basal Ganglia)
IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
LHbL=Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT
LHbM=Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED
LPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO
LS=Lateral Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.LT
MHb=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
MRN=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation)
MS=Medial Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.MED
PS=Posterior Septal Group,FAM.FT.SEP.PG (see Septal Nuclei)
RMTg=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Habenula Connections - see Reference (CF.HB-CONNECTIONS)

CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB
DR=Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
IP=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see Hypothalamus)
LHb=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
LPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO
MHb=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
MR=Superior Central Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.SUC
PB=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE
S=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Oculomotor decision-making - see Reference (CP.OCULOMOTOR-DECISION-MAKING)

AMYG=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
CGa=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
CGp=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG
Caudate=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see Premotor Cortex)
LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP
NAC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SEF=Supplementary Eye Field,NPE.NC.SMC.SEF
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Global visual system - see Reference (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)

ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
BGA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
OPN=Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN
ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see Sensory Thalamus)
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see Anterior/Ventral Horn)
Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

• Normal Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia - see Reference (CM.NORMAL-BG-ANATOMY)

GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia)
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area)
VA=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA
VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL

• Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection - see Reference (CF.REM-HB)

DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB
DTG=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG
EPN=Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
LHT=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
LHbL=Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT
LHbM=Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED
NI=Incertus Nucleus,FAM.HT.TG.NI
RMTg=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
VTG=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTG

• Amygdala and its network - see Reference (CF.AM-NET)

BLN=Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.BP
CEA=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see Amygdala)
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
HTS=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
ITC=Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE
LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see Amygdala)
LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus)
MPFC=Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OMPFC
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
RMTG=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
STC=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3
VGDM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Head Direction Cell Circuit - see Reference (CT.HEAD-DIRECTION)

AD=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD
DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
IPD=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD
LHAB=Habenula,FAM.FD.HB
LMB=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB
MVSN=Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN
NPRP=Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH
PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
PRHC=Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR
PSUB=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS
RSP=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC
SUPGEN=Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG
VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

• Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms - see Reference (CF.HB-NICOTINE)

IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
MHB=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB

• Connectivity map of the habenula - see Reference (CF.HB-CONN)

CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
EP=Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF
Hippo=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
L=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
M=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
Septum=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Connectivity of dorsal diencephalic conduction system - see Reference (CF.HB-ASYMM)

IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LHb=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
MHb=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB

• Craving - see Reference (CF.CRAVING)

NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial,FEC.FT.SNR.MED
VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Saccadic Vision - see Reference (CP.SACCADIC-VISION)

BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex)
FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia)
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SNpr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area)
Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH
VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

• Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory - see Reference (CT.RECOGNITION-MEMORY)

AD=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD
AM=Anteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.AM
AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
AV=Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV
CM=Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM
DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD
MB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB
MDmc=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus)
MID=Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus,FD.TH.MTH (see Cognitive Thalamus)
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
Parasub=Parasubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PAS
Perirhinal=Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER
PostCingulate=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG
Presub=Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS
Sub=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
SubPrePara=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
mPULV=Medial Pulvinar,NPE.FD.TH.MPV

• Thalamocortical relationships - see Reference (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS)

A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
CM=Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM
LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
LP=Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP
MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus)
MGN=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB
P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see Sensory Thalamus)
VA=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA
VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL
VPL=Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL
VPM=Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM
pA=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG
pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia)
pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
pLGN=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
pLP=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL
pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
pMGN=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
pP=Insular Cortex,NC.INS
pVA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC
pVL=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
pVPL=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
pVPM=Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC
s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
s1MD=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
s1P=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV
s1VL=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see Hypothalamus)
s2MD=Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR
s2P=Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR
s2VL=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
sLD=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL
sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
sVA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see Posterior/Dorsal Horn)
sVPM=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL

References

(generated)

• http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders
• http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html
• http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula
• http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566
• http://www.mdvu.org/library/disease/pd/par_path.asp
• http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full
• http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
• http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
• http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html
• http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633
• http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1519/1005
• http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
• http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html
• http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html
• http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/