BrainCenterFAM FT AM

Amygdala

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This page covers biological details of component group Amygdala. Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

• Top-down path to center: Forebrain Telencephalon -> Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.EXTAM) -> Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM) (see Mind Maps)
• Function: Experiencing and recognizing emotions

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

• Basolateral Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.BL): stimulating emotional response
  • Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LA): plasticity, conditional (neutral stimulus) to specific (taste, smell, visceral) unconditional (positive or negative stimulus) association
    • Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LADL): conditional stimulus input - high-aggregated visual, auditory and somatic, patterns of perception
    • Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVL): unconditional stimulus input - visual, auditory and somatic, convergence from thalamus
    • Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVM): conditional and unconditional convergence to affect polymodal memory formation
  • Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.B): enhance explicit memories in hippocampus about emotional situations
    • Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BP): enhance explicit memories in hippocampus about emotional situations
    • Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BM): enhance emotional memories memories in medial prefrontal cortex
  • Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB): enhance assotiative memory formation
• Corticomedial Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.CTM)
  • Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CO): olfactory processing
    • Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COA): olfactory processing - conditional contextual signaling
    • Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COP): olfactory processing - unconditional signaling
  • Centromedial Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.CM): attention and arousal
    • Central Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.CEA): mediate behavioral responses, link to general aspects of reinforcement; responses to fear stimuli; directing attention and behaviors when salience of competing stimuli is in flux
      • Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEC): mediate behavioral responses, link to striatal effect
      • Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEL): mediate behavioral responses, link to gustatory and visceral aspects of reinforcement
      • Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM): mediate behavioral responses, output projections
    • Medial Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.M): sense of smell and pheromone-processing
      • Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MEA): olfactory processing
      • Medial Posterior Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPD): reproductive behavior
      • Medial Posterior Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPV): defensive behavior
• Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.ITC): inhibit excessive emotional behavior

Connectivity

(generated)

Internal Regions Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Reference
Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB)	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	Summary of the main extra-amygdaloid and intra-amygdaloid connections in the rat (AB -> CE, abstract)
	Medial Posterior Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPD)	Summary of the main extra-amygdaloid and intra-amygdaloid connections in the rat (AB -> M, abstract)
Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BM)	Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.ITC)	(unknown reference)
Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BP)	Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BM)	(unknown reference)
	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	Amygdala and its network (BLN -> CEA, abstract)
Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEC)	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	(unknown reference)
Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEL)	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	(unknown reference)
Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COA)	Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB)	(unknown reference)
Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COP)	Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MEA)	(unknown reference)
Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.ITC)	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	(unknown reference)
Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LADL)	Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB)	Summary of the main extra-amygdaloid and intra-amygdaloid connections in the rat (L -> AB, abstract)
	Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BP)	Amygdala and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)
	Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEC)	Amygdala and its network (LA -> CEA, abstract)
	Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.ITC)	(unknown reference)
	Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVM)	(unknown reference)
Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVL)	Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BP)	Amygdala and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)
Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVM)	Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB)	Summary of the main extra-amygdaloid and intra-amygdaloid connections in the rat (L -> AB, abstract)
	Medial Posterior Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPV)	Summary of the main extra-amygdaloid and intra-amygdaloid connections in the rat (L -> M, abstract)
Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MEA)	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	Body alarm system (MED -> CE, abstract)
	Medial Posterior Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPD)	(unknown reference)
	Medial Posterior Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPV)	(unknown reference)

External Connections:

External Inbound Center Connections:

Source Center	Sample Link	Reference
Central Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.CEAM)	LMC.FT.NBM -> FAM.FT.AM.BM	(unknown reference)
Cognitive Thalamus (FD.TH.CR)	FAM.FD.TH.PT -> FAM.FT.AM.LAVL	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)
Sensory Thalamus (FD.TH.SR)	NSA.FD.TH.MGB -> FAM.FT.AM.LADL	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)
Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG)	FEC.FT.SNC.MED -> FAM.FT.AM.CEM	(unknown reference)
Hippocampal Formation (FMM.FT.HF)	FMM.FT.HF.SUBP -> FAM.FT.AM.AB	Simplified model of hippocampal formation anatomy (SUB -> Amyg, abstract)
Olfactory Nuclei (FT.OLF)	LPC.FT.MOB -> FAM.FT.AM.COA	(unknown reference)
Pontine Reticular Formation (HT.RF)	LPC.HT.PRF.PB -> FAM.FT.AM.CEL	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (PB -> AM, abstract)
Ventral Tegmental Area (LMC.MM.VTA)	LMC.MM.VTA -> FAM.FT.AM.CEC	Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)
Anterior Cingulate Area (NC.ACG)	NDM.NC.AL.DACG -> FAM.FT.AM.BP	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)
Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NC.AL.OMPFC)	NDM.NC.AL.FPC -> FAM.FT.AM.BM	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (OFC -> AMY, abstract)
Insular Cortex (NC.INS)	NCP.NC.INS.PIC -> FAM.FT.AM.BM	Afferent pain pathways (Insula -> AMY, abstract)
Rhinal Cortex (NC.PHA.RH)	FMM.NC.PH.LEC -> FAM.FT.AM.AB	Simplified model of hippocampal formation anatomy (EC -> Amyg, abstract)
Parietal Operculum (NC.PO)	NCP.NC.PO.PCC -> FAM.FT.AM.CEL	(unknown reference)
Superior Temporal Gyrus (NC.STG)	NSA.NC.STG.A3 -> FAM.FT.AM.LAVM	Amygdala and its network (STC -> LA, abstract)
Inferotemporal Area (NSA.NC.IT)	NSA.NC.IT.TE -> FAM.FT.AM.LADL	Amygdala and its network (ITC -> LA, abstract)

External Outbound Center Connections:

Target Center	Sample Link	Reference
Central Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.CEAM)	FAM.FT.AM.AB -> LMC.FT.NBM	(unknown reference)
Septal Nuclei (FAM.FT.SEP)	FAM.FT.AM.CEM -> FAM.FT.SEP.LT	(unknown reference)
Hypothalamus (FD.HT)	FAM.FT.AM.BP -> LAC.FD.HT.DM	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)
Cognitive Thalamus (FD.TH.CR)	FAM.FT.AM.AB -> NDM.FD.TH.MDM	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (AM -> TH, abstract)
Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG)	FAM.FT.AM.AB -> FEC.FT.CN.TL	(unknown reference)
Hippocampal Formation (FMM.FT.HF)	FAM.FT.AM.AB -> FMM.FT.HC.CA1P	Detailed amygdalohippocampal projections (ABmg -> CA1P)
Retrosubicular Area (FMM.NC.PHA.RS)	FAM.FT.AM.BP -> FMM.NC.PH.PAS	Detailed amygdalohippocampal projections (Bpc -> PaS)
Myelencephalic Parasympathetic Nuclei (HL.PSN)	FAM.FT.AM.CEM -> LAC.HL.VGN	Amygdala and its network (CEA -> VGDM, abstract)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HL.SN)	FAM.FT.AM.CEL -> LPC.HL.SOL	(unknown reference)
Locus Coeruleus (LMC.HT.LC)	FAM.FT.AM.CEM -> LMC.HT.LC	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract)
Periaqueductal Gray Matter (LMC.MM.PAG)	FAM.FT.AM.CEM -> LMC.MM.PAG	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)
Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF)	FAM.FT.AM.LAVM -> LPC.MM.CIC	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)
Anterior Cingulate Area (NC.ACG)	FAM.FT.AM.AB -> NDM.NC.AL.DACG	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)
Medial Parietal Lobule (NC.MPL)	FAM.FT.AM.BM -> NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG	Oculomotor decision-making (AMYG -> CGp, abstract)
Rhinal Cortex (NC.PHA.RH)	FAM.FT.AM.BP -> FMM.NC.PH.LEC	Principal Connections of Hippocampus (AM -> EC, abstract)
Transverse Temporal Gyrus (NSA.NC.TTG)	FAM.FT.AM.BM -> NSA.NC.TTG.A1	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> AC, abstract)