BrainRegionNDM NC AL VACG
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Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area
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This page covers biological details of component Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.
- Top-down path to region: Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> Anterior Cingulate Area (NC.ACG) -> Anterior Cingulate Cortex (NC.AL.ACG) -> Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG) (see Mind Maps)
- Type: cortex
- Quality: L0
- Brain area: Neocortical Brain - Decision Making Area (NDM)
- Area circuit: Unimodal Control (UMC)
- Brodmann ID: 24
- Role: cortex.generic
- Function: Seat of Free Will
- Notes to function:
- motor, attentional and cognitive functions
- BA24-rostral
(generated)
Components
(generated)
- no child items defined
Connectivity
(generated)
Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.AB | Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract) |
| NCP | NCP.FD.TH.AM | Anteromedial Nucleus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract) |
| NCP.NC.AL.SGCG | Subgenual Cingulate Cortex | feedforward-glu | uncertain | Regulation of Social Brain (SGC -> VACC) | |
| NCP.NC.INS.AIC | Anterior Insular Cortex | feedforward-glu | uncertain | Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (INS -> ACG, abstract) | |
| NDM | NDM.NC.AL.DACG | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area | feedforward-glu | uncertain | Principal Connections of Hippocampus (DorsalCingulate -> VentralCingulate) |
| NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | feedforward-glu | uncertain | Role for serotonin in moral behavior (OMPFC -> ACG, abstract) | |
| NDM.NC.AL.IPG | Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus | feedforward-glu | uncertain | Directed Effort Network (fPole -> vACC) |
Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract) |
| FEC | FEC.FT.ACC.SH | Nucleus Accumbens Shell | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract) |
| FEC.FT.CN.BD | Caudate Nucleus Body | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract) | |
| FEC.FT.PU.VT | Ventral Putamen | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract) | |
| LLC | LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG | Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract) |
| LLC.MM.RD.PV | Parvocellular Part of Red Nucleus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> RD, abstract) | |
| LMC | LMC.HT.LC | Locus Coeruleus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| NCP | NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG | Posterior Cingulate Cortex | feedforward-glu | uncertain | Principal Connections of Hippocampus (VentralCingulate -> PosteriorCingulate) |
| NDM | NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR | Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | feedforward-glu | uncertain | Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> LPFC, abstract) |
| NMA | NMA.NC.PMC.F2 | Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex | feedforward-glu | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- Principal Connections of Hippocampus - see Reference (CT.CINGULUM-CONNECTIONS)
AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus) DG=Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG DorsalCingulate=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) HC=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) MB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB PosteriorCingulate=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG SEP=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) VentralCingulate=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG
- Global visual system - see Reference (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)
ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus) BGA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN OPN=Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see Sensory Thalamus) RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see Anterior/Ventral Horn) Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia) VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
- Motor neurons control - see Reference (CM.CR-MN)
CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex) CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT EAMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH EGMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH FAMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see Cerebellar Complex) LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN MRF=Medullary Reticular Formation,HL.RF PRF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN
- Cerebellum functional divisions - see Reference (CM.CR-DECUSSATION)
CCV=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV CRP=Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC CRS=Cerebellar Paravermis,LLC.HT.CR.PV CRV=Cerebellar Vermis,LRC.HT.CR.VM CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT DN=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG IO=Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see Cerebellar Complex) LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN PNN=Basilar Pontine Nuclei,LLC.HT.BPN RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF SCM=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH SCS=Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP SCSD=Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN VBG=Vestibular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.VB VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL
- Afferent pain pathways - see Reference (CF.PAIN-PATH)
ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG Cerebellum=Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC Insula=Insular Cortex,NC.INS PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG PB=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 S2=Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2 SC=Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH Thalamus=Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR
- Role for serotonin in moral behavior - see Reference (CF.EMOTIONAL-MODULATION)
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM HYP=Hypothalamus,FD.HT LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
- Regulation of Social Brain - see Reference (CT.SOCIAL-BRAIN)
AMG=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM Caud=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia) DACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) Hipp=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) IFG=Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG LSN=Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PhippG=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) Put=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia) SGC=Subgenual Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.AL.SGCG SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see Basal Ganglia) VACC=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA VentPal=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
- Directed Effort Network - see Reference (CT.DIRECTED-EFFORT-NETWORK)
AC22=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4 ACA=Auditory Association Area,NSA.NC.TTG.A2 AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) Insula=Insular Cortex,NC.INS OPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PPC=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL dACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG fPole=Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG tPole=Temporopolar Cortex,NCP.NC.TPC vACC=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG
- Vocal Control - see Reference (CM.VOCAL-CONTROL)
A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1 Broca=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) M2=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC MotorV=Trigeminal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.TRM MotorVII=Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM NucleusAmbiguus=Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB NucleusXII=Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HL.HYG Premotor24=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF Wernike=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4
References
(generated)
- http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566
- http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/
- http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html
- http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html
- http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
- http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full
- http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full
