BrainAreaLAC

Autonomous Control Area

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLAC

---

Local Circuits

(generated)

ID	Name	Regions
LAB	Breathing Control	LAC.PN.PSYM.ILG, LAC.PN.PSYM.PUG
LAD	Lower Digestion Control	LAC.HL.VGN, LAC.PN.PSYM.CRG, LAC.PN.PSYM.GUT, LAC.PN.SYM.CEG, LAC.PN.SYM.SMG
LADC	Daily Cycle Autonomic Control	LAC.FD.HT.SCN, LAC.FD.HT.TBM
LAH	Heart and Blood Pressure Control	LAC.PN.SYM.STG, LAC.PN.SYM.TG, LAC.SC.IZ.IML
LAM	Autonomic Motivations Control	LAC.FD.HT.RCH, LAC.FD.HT.SO, LAC.SC.LH.LSN
LAMM	Memory Autonomic Control	LAC.FD.HT.AH, LAC.FD.HT.PRM, LAC.FD.HT.SUM
LAS	Salivation and Tears Control	LAC.HL.SAL.ISL, LAC.HL.SAL.SSL, LAC.PN.PSYM.OTG, LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG, LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG, LAC.PN.SYM.MCG
LAT	Autonomic Thermoregulation	LAC.FD.HT.MPO, LAC.FD.HT.VLPO, LAC.HL.TGS.PE5
LATH	Thirst and Hunger Control	LAC.FD.HT.AR, LAC.FD.HT.DM, LAC.FD.HT.LTN, LAC.FD.HT.PV, LAC.FD.HT.VM
LAV	Vision Autonomic Control	LAC.FD.HT.PN, LAC.MM.EWN, LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG, LAC.PN.PSYM.EPG, LAC.PN.SYM.SCG, LAC.SC.IZ.CSC
LAX	Sacral Autonomic Control	LAC.HT.BR, LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG, LAC.PN.SYM.ARG, LAC.PN.SYM.IMG, LAC.SC.CC.DCN, LAC.SC.IZ.SPS

Breathing Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.PN.PSYM.ILG	Intralaryngeal Peripheral Ganglion	parasympathetic ganglion	LAG	parasympathetic motor of larynx, c.n. X	macroscopic ganglion on the human internal laryngeal nerve, with the distribution of its post-ganglionic fibres to the glands in the saccule and to the glands at the root of epiglottis in the vicinity of the opening of the saccule
LAC.PN.PSYM.PUG	Pulmonary Peripheral Ganglion	parasympathetic ganglion	LAG	Lung

Internal Region Connections:

• no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LAC.PN.PSYM.ILG	LAC.HL.VGN	Vagus Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.PSYM.PUG	LAC.HL.SAL.ISL	Inferior Salivatory Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
		LAC.HL.VGN	Vagus Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Target
TEA	LAC.PN.PSYM.ILG	TARGET.TEA.SPEAKER	Mouth speaker	TARGET.TEA.SPEAKER-aryepiglottic-muscle	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.PSYM.PUG	TARGET.TEA.LUNG	Lung	TARGET.TEA.LUNG-smooth-muscles	(unknown reference)

Lower Digestion Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.HL.VGN	Vagus Nucleus	nucleus	LAM	Parasympathetic vagal functions in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs	Dorsal Motor Nucleus, Cardioinhibitory Center; preganglionic nucleus
LAC.PN.PSYM.CRG	Cardiac Ganglion	parasympathetic ganglion	LAG	Heart	Inside heart
LAC.PN.PSYM.GUT	Parasympathetic Gut Brain	parasympathetic ganglion	LAG	Autonomic control of stomach, liver
LAC.PN.SYM.CEG	Coelic Ganglion	sympathetic ganglion	LAG	Liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine	T5-T9
LAC.PN.SYM.SMG	Superior Mesenteric Ganglion	sympathetic ganglion	LAG	Large intestine, rectum	T9-T11

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LAC.HL.VGN	LAC.PN.PSYM.CRG	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.HL.VGN	FAM.FT.AM.CEM	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Amygdala and its network (CEA -> VGDM, abstract)
LAC	LAC.PN.PSYM.GUT	LAC.HL.SAL.ISL	Inferior Salivatory Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.SYM.CEG	LAC.SC.IZ.IML	Intermediolateral Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.SYM.SMG	LAC.SC.IZ.IML	Intermediolateral Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
LPC	LAC.HL.VGN	LPC.HT.PRF.PB	Parabrachial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (PBN -> DVM)
LRC	LAC.HL.VGN	LRC.MM.CNF	Cuneiform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LAC.HL.VGN	LAC.PN.PSYM.ILG	Intralaryngeal Peripheral Ganglion	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
		LAC.PN.PSYM.PUG	Pulmonary Peripheral Ganglion	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
Target
TEA	LAC.PN.PSYM.CRG	TARGET.TEA.HEART	Heart	TARGET.TEA.HEART-heart-psymp-control	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.PSYM.GUT	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE	Endocrine Glands	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE-endocrine-pancreas-muscarinic	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.LIVER	Liver	TARGET.TEA.LIVER-glands	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.STOMACH	Stomach	TARGET.TEA.STOMACH-stomach-mucosal-gastric-glands	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.SYM.CEG	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE	Endocrine Glands	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE-endocrine-pancreas-adrenergic	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.VESSELS	Blood vessels	TARGET.TEA.VESSELS-liver-blood-vessels	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.SYM.SMG	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE	Endocrine Glands	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE-endocrine-adrenal-gland	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.HEART	Heart	TARGET.TEA.HEART-heart-symp-control	(unknown reference)

Daily Cycle Autonomic Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.FD.HT.SCN	Suprachiasmatic Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	Regulate the circadian cycle, 24-hour rhythms
LAC.FD.HT.TBM	Tuberomammillary Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	sole source of histamine in the brain	regulate sleep, helps produce responses to sexual stimuli, and helps body respond to stressful situations

Internal Region Connections:

• no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	LAC.FD.HT.SCN	NDM.FD.TH.PV	Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
Subcortical
LPC	LAC.FD.HT.SCN	LPC.FD.RT	Retinal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Effect of light on pupil diameter (RET -> SCN)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.FD.HT.TBM	FAM.FT.SEP.LT	Lateral Septal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
FMM	LAC.FD.HT.TBM	FMM.FD.MB.MMB	Medial Mammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (TuberoMM -> MMB, abstract)
LAC	LAC.FD.HT.SCN	LAC.FD.HT.DM	Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (SCH -> DMN)
		LAC.FD.HT.MPO	Median Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (SCH -> MPOA)
		LAC.FD.HT.PV	Paraventricular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (SCN -> PVH)
		LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LAC.FD.HT.TBM	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (TMN -> VLPO)
LMC	LAC.FD.HT.TBM	LMC.HT.LC	Locus Coeruleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LAC.FD.HT.TBM	LPC.FT.MOB	Main Olfactory Bulb	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LAC.FD.HT.SCN	LRC.MM.PT.NOT	Nucleus of Optic Tract	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Heart and Blood Pressure Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.PN.SYM.STG	Stellate Ganglion	sympathetic ganglion	LAG	Heart, Lung	Inferior cervical ganglion
LAC.PN.SYM.TG	Sympathetic Thoracic Ganglia	sympathetic ganglion	LAG	Heart	T1-T4
LAC.SC.IZ.IML	Intermediolateral Nucleus	nucleus	LAM	Mediate entire sympathetic innervation of body	from Lamina VII, visceral sensory

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LAC.SC.IZ.IML	LAC.PN.SYM.STG	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.SYM.TG	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LAC.SC.IZ.IML	LAC.HT.BR	Barrington's Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LAC.SC.IZ.IML	LMC.HT.LC	Locus Coeruleus	nucleus-nucleus-NE	Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LAC.SC.IZ.IML	LAC.PN.SYM.ARG	Aorticorenal Ganglion	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
		LAC.PN.SYM.CEG	Coelic Ganglion	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
		LAC.PN.SYM.IMG	Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
		LAC.PN.SYM.MCG	Middle Cervical Ganglion	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
		LAC.PN.SYM.SCG	Superior Cervical Ganglion	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
		LAC.PN.SYM.SMG	Superior Mesenteric Ganglion	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
Target
TEA	LAC.PN.SYM.STG	TARGET.TEA.HEART	Heart	TARGET.TEA.HEART-heart-cardiac-lower-muscle-stellar	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.VESSELS	Blood vessels	TARGET.TEA.VESSELS-arm-blood-vessels	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.SYM.TG	TARGET.TEA.VESSELS	Blood vessels	TARGET.TEA.VESSELS-arterial-thoracic-vasoconstrictors	(unknown reference)

Autonomic Motivations Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.FD.HT.RCH	Retrochiasmatic Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	Maintenance of normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function
LAC.FD.HT.SO	Supraoptic Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	Blood volume or blood pressure, vasopressin release
LAC.SC.LH.LSN	Lateral Spinal Nucleus	nucleus	LAS	Integrate autonomic and homeostatic functions	Projects to HT and lateral globus pallidus; integrative nucleus for autonomic and homeostatic functions, and related motivational and affective responses to autonomic function

Internal Region Connections:

• no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	LAC.FD.HT.RCH	NDM.NC.AL.FPC	Lateral Frontopolar Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (OPFC -> HT, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.FD.HT.SO	FAM.FT.AM.COP	Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)
LAC	LAC.FD.HT.SO	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	Median Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> SON)
	LAC.SC.LH.LSN	LAC.FD.HT.PV	Paraventricular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LAC.FD.HT.SO	LPC.HL.SOL	Solitary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LAC.SC.LH.LSN	LAC.PN.SYM.SCG	Superior Cervical Ganglion	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
LLC	LAC.FD.HT.RCH	LLC.HT.PN.RSP	Rostral Pontine Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (HT -> PN, abstract)
Target
TEA	LAC.FD.HT.SO	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE	Endocrine Glands	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE-endocrine-neurohypophysis-vasopressin	(unknown reference)

Memory Autonomic Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.FD.HT.AH	Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	Thermoregulation, panting, sweating
LAC.FD.HT.PRM	Premammillary Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	expression of fear responses to environmental threats	integrate information involved in spatial working memory, which may result in attentional mechanisms on selection of appropriate escape strategies
LAC.FD.HT.SUM	Supramammillary Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	control hippocampal plasticity, determine frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LAC.FD.HT.AH	LAC.FD.HT.PRM	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	LAC.FD.HT.AH	NCP.NC.AL.SGCG	Subgenual Cingulate Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.FD.HT.PRM	FAM.FT.AM.MPV	Medial Posterior Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.L, abstract)
FEC	LAC.FD.HT.SUM	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial	nucleus-nucleus-DA	(unknown reference)
FMM	LAC.FD.HT.AH	FMM.FT.HF.SUBP	Proximal Subiculum	allocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LAC	LAC.FD.HT.AH	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	Median Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> AH)
	LAC.FD.HT.SUM	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LAC.FD.HT.PRM	LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	nucleus-nucleus-DA	(unknown reference)
	LAC.FD.HT.SUM	LMC.MM.RP.SUC	Superior Central Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-5HT	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.FD.HT.SUM	FAM.FT.SEP.DBB	Diagonal Band of Broca	nucleus-nucleus	Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SupraMM -> SEP, abstract)
		FAM.FT.SEP.MED	Medial Septal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SupraMM -> SEP, abstract)
FMM	LAC.FD.HT.SUM	FMM.FD.MB.LMB	Lateral Mammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (SupraMM -> LMB)
		FMM.FT.HC.CA2	Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus	nucleus-allocortex	Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SupraMM -> HF, abstract)
		FMM.FT.HC.CA3P	Proximal CA3 of Hippocampus	nucleus-allocortex	Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SupraMM -> HF, abstract)
		FMM.FT.HC.DG	Dentate Gyrus	nucleus-allocortex	Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SupraMM -> HF, abstract)
LAC	LAC.FD.HT.AH	LAC.FD.HT.DM	Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (AH -> DMN)
		LAC.FD.HT.VM	Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (AH -> VMN)
	LAC.FD.HT.PRM	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	Median Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LAC.FD.HT.VM	Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Salivation and Tears Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.HL.SAL.ISL	Inferior Salivatory Nucleus	nucleus	LAM	facilitate digestion - produce watery saliva	preganglionic parasympathetic nucleus; project to otic ganglion to parotid and lingual (von Ebner) salivatory glands; posterior pulmonary plexus - motor fibers are derived from inferior salivatory nucleus; glossopharyngeal nerve
LAC.HL.SAL.SSL	Superior Salivatory Nucleus	nucleus	LAM	facilitate respiration - produce thiker saliva	preganglionic parasympathetic nucleus; project to submaxillary (submandibular) ganglion to submandibular/sublingual salivatory glands; to sphenopalatine ganglion to superior maxillary nerve as vasodilator and secretory fibers to the mucous membrane of the nose, soft palate, tonsils, uvula, roof of the mouth, upper lips and gums, parotid and orbital glands; facial nerve
LAC.PN.PSYM.OTG	Otic Ganglion	parasympathetic ganglion	LAG	Parotid gland
LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG	Sphenopalatine Ganglion	parasympathetic ganglion	LAG	Lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands	Head and neck region
LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG	Submandibular Ganglion	parasympathetic ganglion	LAG	Submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands	Head and neck region, facilitate respiration
LAC.PN.SYM.MCG	Middle Cervical Ganglion	sympathetic ganglion	LAG	Eye, tear and salivatory glands

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LAC.HL.SAL.ISL	LAC.PN.PSYM.OTG	nucleus-ganglion	Autonomic nervous system (ISL -> OTG)
LAC.HL.SAL.SSL	LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG	nucleus-ganglion	Autonomic nervous system (SSL -> SPG)
	LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG	nucleus-ganglion	Autonomic nervous system (SSL -> SMG)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LAC.PN.SYM.MCG	LAC.SC.IZ.IML	Intermediolateral Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
LMC	LAC.HL.SAL.ISL	LMC.HT.TG.LDT	Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	(unknown reference)
	LAC.HL.SAL.SSL	LMC.HT.TG.LDT	Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LAC.HL.SAL.ISL	LAC.PN.PSYM.GUT	Parasympathetic Gut Brain	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
		LAC.PN.PSYM.PUG	Pulmonary Peripheral Ganglion	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
Target
TEA	LAC.PN.PSYM.OTG	TARGET.TEA.FEEDER	Mouth feeder	TARGET.TEA.FEEDER-parotid-gland	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG	TARGET.TEA.FEEDER	Mouth feeder	TARGET.TEA.FEEDER-uvulae-muscle	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.PROTECTOR	Immunity glands and meninges	TARGET.TEA.PROTECTOR-hard-palate-mucosal-gland	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG	TARGET.TEA.FEEDER	Mouth feeder	TARGET.TEA.FEEDER-sublingual-gland	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.SYM.MCG	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE	Endocrine Glands	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE-endocrine-parathyroid-gland	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.HEART	Heart	TARGET.TEA.HEART-heart-cardiac-lower-muscle-middle	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.VESSELS	Blood vessels	TARGET.TEA.VESSELS-forearm-blood-vessels	(unknown reference)
TSA	LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG	TARGET.TSA.EYE	Eye	TARGET.TSA.EYE-eye-tears-gland	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TSA.NOSE	Nose	TARGET.TSA.NOSE-nose-nasal-glands	(unknown reference)

Autonomic Thermoregulation

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.FD.HT.MPO	Median Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	generates thirst	Drinking decreases noradrenaline release in median preoptic nucleus
LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	mediates non-REM sleep onset	lesions in VLPO result in insomnia
LAC.HL.TGS.PE5	Peritrigeminal Nucleus	nucleus	LAS	Thermoregulation	Project to thermosensitive neurons of medial preoptic area

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LAC.HL.TGS.PE5	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	NDM.FD.TH.PV	Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
NSA	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	NSA.NC.PH.PRP	Prepyriform Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	FAM.FT.AM.MPD	Medial Posterior Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)
	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	FAM.FT.AM.MEA	Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)
		FAM.FT.SEP.LT	Lateral Septal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Cingulate Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)
FEC	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
FMM	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	FMM.FT.HC.CA1D	Distal CA1 of Hippocampus	allocortex-nucleus	Feeling (HC -> HT, abstract)
LAC	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	LAC.FD.HT.DM	Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> MPO)
		LAC.FD.HT.PRM	Premammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LAC.FD.HT.SCN	Suprachiasmatic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (SCH -> MPOA)
	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	LAC.FD.HT.DM	Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> VLPO)
		LAC.FD.HT.SCN	Suprachiasmatic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LAC.FD.HT.TBM	Tuberomammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (TMN -> VLPO)
		LAC.FD.HT.VM	Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	LMC.HT.LC	Locus Coeruleus	nucleus-nucleus-NE	Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (LC -> VLPO)
LPC	LAC.HL.TGS.PE5	LPC.SC.VH.VL	Ventrolateral Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	FAM.FD.TH.PT	Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	FAM.FD.LHB.LT	Lateral Habenula Lateral Part	nucleus-nucleus	Habenula Connections (LPO -> LHb, abstract)
		FAM.FD.LHB.MED	Lateral Habenula Medial Part	nucleus-nucleus	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LPO -> LHbM)
LAC	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	LAC.FD.HT.AH	Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> AH)
		LAC.FD.HT.PV	Paraventricular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> PA)
		LAC.FD.HT.SO	Supraoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> SON)
	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	LAC.FD.HT.SUM	Supramammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	LMC.HL.RP.OB	Raphe Obscurus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	LMC.HT.TG.LDT	Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (VLPO -> LDTg)

Thirst and Hunger Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.FD.HT.AR	Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus	nucleus	LAC	Regulation of growth, appetite and body weight	lateral of tuberlulum, TIDA - releases dopamine to regulate secretion of prolactin hormone, GHRH - stimulate growth hormone secretion (ventrolateral)
LAC.FD.HT.DM	Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	Blood pressure, heart rate
LAC.FD.HT.LTN	Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	feeding center	lesions - lack of appetite
LAC.FD.HT.PV	Paraventricular Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	Regulate appetite and autonomic functions
LAC.FD.HT.VM	Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	Satiety, control of eating	medial of tuberculum

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LAC.FD.HT.AR	LAC.FD.HT.DM	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (ARC -> DMN)
	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (ARC -> LHA)
	LAC.FD.HT.PV	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (ARC -> PA)
	LAC.FD.HT.VM	nucleus-nucleus	Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (ARC -> VMH)
LAC.FD.HT.DM	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	nucleus-nucleus	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> LHA)
	LAC.FD.HT.PV	nucleus-nucleus	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> PVH)
LAC.FD.HT.LTN	LAC.FD.HT.PV	nucleus-nucleus	Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (LHA -> PVN)
LAC.FD.HT.VM	LAC.FD.HT.DM	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (VMN -> DMN)
	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	nucleus-nucleus	Glucose-sensing neural network (VMH -> LHA)
	LAC.FD.HT.PV	nucleus-nucleus	Glucose-sensing neural network (VMH -> PVH)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.FD.HT.DM	FAM.FT.AM.BP	Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)
	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	FAM.FT.AM.BP	Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Amygdala and its network (BLN -> HTS)
		FAM.FT.AM.CEM	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.L, abstract)
		FAM.FT.SEP.SH	Septohippocampal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Cingulate Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)
	LAC.FD.HT.PV	FAM.FT.AM.MPD	Medial Posterior Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.PV, abstract)
	LAC.FD.HT.VM	FAM.FT.AM.MPV	Medial Posterior Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)
FEC	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	Nucleus Accumbens Shell	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
FMM	LAC.FD.HT.PV	FMM.FT.HF.SUBD	Distal Subiculum	allocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LAC.FD.HT.VM	FMM.FT.HF.SUBP	Proximal Subiculum	allocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LAC	LAC.FD.HT.DM	LAC.FD.HT.AH	Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (AH -> DMN)
		LAC.FD.HT.SCN	Suprachiasmatic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (SCH -> DMN)
	LAC.FD.HT.PV	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	Median Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> PA)
		LAC.FD.HT.SCN	Suprachiasmatic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (SCN -> PVH)
	LAC.FD.HT.VM	LAC.FD.HT.AH	Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (AH -> VMN)
		LAC.FD.HT.PRM	Premammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LAC.FD.HT.PV	LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	nucleus-nucleus-DA	Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)
LPC	LAC.FD.HT.DM	LPC.HL.SOL	Solitary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (NTS -> DMH)
		LPC.HT.PRF.PB	Parabrachial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (PBN -> DMH)
	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	LPC.HL.SOL	Solitary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (NTS -> LHA)
	LAC.FD.HT.PV	LPC.HL.SOL	Solitary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS	Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex	nucleus-neocortex	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (LHA -> OFC, abstract)
	LAC.FD.HT.PV	NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS	Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex	nucleus-neocortex	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (PVN -> OFC, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	FAM.FD.LHB.LT	Lateral Habenula Lateral Part	nucleus-nucleus	Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHT -> LHbL)
		FAM.FD.LHB.MED	Lateral Habenula Medial Part	nucleus-nucleus	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHA -> LHbM)
	LAC.FD.HT.VM	FAM.FT.BNST	Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
FEC	LAC.FD.HT.VM	FEC.FD.STN.CD	Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		FEC.FT.ACC.SH	Nucleus Accumbens Shell	nucleus-nucleus	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VMN -> NAc, abstract)
LAC	LAC.FD.HT.DM	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	Median Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> MPO)
		LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> VLPO)
	LAC.FD.HT.PV	LAC.SC.CC.DCN	Dorsal Commissural Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LAC.SC.IZ.CSC	Ciliospinal Center	nucleus-nucleus	Effect of light on pupil diameter (PVN -> IML)
		LAC.SC.IZ.SPS	Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LAC.SC.LH.LSN	Lateral Spinal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LAC.FD.HT.VM	LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LAC.FD.HT.DM	LMC.HT.LC	Locus Coeruleus	nucleus-nucleus	Effect of light on pupil diameter (DMH -> LC)
	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	LMC.HL.RP.MG	Raphe Magnus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LAC.FD.HT.PV	LMC.HL.RP.MG	Raphe Magnus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LAC.FD.HT.PV	LPC.SC.VH.ONF	Onuf's Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LAC.FD.HT.VM	LPC.HL.SOL	Solitary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VMN -> NTS)
Target
TEA	LAC.FD.HT.AR	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE	Endocrine Glands	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE-endocrine-adenohypophysis	(unknown reference)
	LAC.FD.HT.PV	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE	Endocrine Glands	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE-endocrine-neurohypophysis-oxytocin	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (HT.PV -> PUT)

Vision Autonomic Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.FD.HT.PN	Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	Blood pressure, pupillary dilation
LAC.MM.EWN	Edinger-Westphal Nucleus	nucleus	LAM	Change Eye Pupil	Parasympathetic nucleus, parvocellular extention of OCN
LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG	Ciliary Ganglion	parasympathetic ganglion	LAG	Control pupillary diameter	Sphincter muscles of the iris
LAC.PN.PSYM.EPG	Episcleral Ganglion	parasympathetic ganglion	LAG	Control curvature of lens	Sphincter muscles of the iris
LAC.PN.SYM.SCG	Superior Cervical Ganglion	sympathetic ganglion	LAG	Eye, tear and salivatory glands
LAC.SC.IZ.CSC	Ciliospinal Center	nucleus	LAM	Control of iris dilator muscle	Budge's Center, intermediolateral cell column

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LAC.FD.HT.PN	LAC.SC.IZ.CSC	nucleus-nucleus	Sympathetic and parasympathetic eye pathways (PHT -> CC)
LAC.MM.EWN	LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG	nucleus-ganglion	Autonomic nervous system (EWN -> CLG)
	LAC.PN.PSYM.EPG	nucleus-ganglion	Autonomic nervous system (EWN -> EPG)
LAC.SC.IZ.CSC	LAC.PN.SYM.SCG	nucleus-ganglion	Sympathetic and parasympathetic eye pathways (CC -> SCG)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.FD.HT.PN	FAM.FT.AM.BP	Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)
LAC	LAC.PN.SYM.SCG	LAC.SC.IZ.IML	Intermediolateral Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
		LAC.SC.LH.LSN	Lateral Spinal Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
	LAC.SC.IZ.CSC	LAC.FD.HT.PV	Paraventricular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Effect of light on pupil diameter (PVN -> IML)
LMC	LAC.FD.HT.PN	LMC.MM.RP.SUC	Superior Central Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-5HT	(unknown reference)
	LAC.SC.IZ.CSC	LMC.HT.LC	Locus Coeruleus	nucleus-nucleus-NE	Effect of light on pupil diameter (LC -> IML)
LRC	LAC.FD.HT.PN	LRC.HL.INM	Intercalated Nucleus of Medulla	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LAC.MM.EWN	LRC.MM.DSCH	Darkschewitsch Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> EWN, abstract)
		LRC.MM.PT.PON	Pretectal Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Effect of light on pupil diameter (OPN -> EW)
		LRC.MM.PT.PR	Principal Pretectal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (Pretectum -> EWN, abstract)
		LRC.MM.PT.SL	Sublentiform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (Pretectum -> EWN, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
FAM	LAC.FD.HT.PN	FAM.FT.SEP.LT	Lateral Septal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
FMM	LAC.FD.HT.PN	FMM.FT.HC.CA3P	Proximal CA3 of Hippocampus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		FMM.FT.HC.DG	Dentate Gyrus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
Target
TEA	LAC.PN.SYM.SCG	TARGET.TEA.HEART	Heart	TARGET.TEA.HEART-heart-cardiac-upper-muscle	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.VESSELS	Blood vessels	TARGET.TEA.VESSELS-brachial-artery-vasoconstrictors	(unknown reference)
TSA	LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG	TARGET.TSA.EYE	Eye	TARGET.TSA.EYE-eye-muscle-curvature-parasympathetic	Autonomic nervous system (CLG -> EYE)
	LAC.PN.PSYM.EPG	TARGET.TSA.EYE	Eye	TARGET.TSA.EYE-eye-muscle-pupil-close	Autonomic nervous system (EPG -> EYE)
	LAC.PN.SYM.SCG	TARGET.TSA.EYE	Eye	TARGET.TSA.EYE-eye-muscle-curvature-sympathetic	Sympathetic and parasympathetic eye pathways (SCG -> EYE)

Sacral Autonomic Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LAC.HT.BR	Barrington's Nucleus	nucleus	LAC	Supraspinal regulation of urination	Sends projections to Sacral Precerebellar Nucleus
LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG	Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion	parasympathetic ganglion	LAG	Sigmoid, rectum, bladder, and external genitalia	Pelvic nerve fibers
LAC.PN.SYM.ARG	Aorticorenal Ganglion	sympathetic ganglion	LAG	Kidney, Ureter	T12
LAC.PN.SYM.IMG	Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion	sympathetic ganglion	LAG	Bladder, rectum, reproductive organs	S1-S4, single - not paired, unpaired visceral arteries
LAC.SC.CC.DCN	Dorsal Commissural Nucleus	nucleus	LAS	Relay of sensory information from pelvic viscera	Includes nociception
LAC.SC.IZ.SPS	Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus	nucleus	LAM	parasympathetic impulses pass via postganglionic fibers to the urinary bladder, erectile tissues, and the smooth muscles and glands in the colon and rectum	from Lamina VII, visceral parasympathetic

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LAC.HT.BR	LAC.SC.IZ.SPS	nucleus-nucleus	Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (BAR -> SPS)
LAC.SC.CC.DCN	LAC.HT.BR	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LAC.SC.IZ.SPS	LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG	nucleus-ganglion	Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (SPS -> PEL)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LAC.PN.SYM.ARG	LAC.SC.IZ.IML	Intermediolateral Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.SYM.IMG	LAC.SC.IZ.IML	Intermediolateral Nucleus	nucleus-ganglion	(unknown reference)
	LAC.SC.CC.DCN	LAC.FD.HT.PV	Paraventricular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LAC.SC.IZ.SPS	LAC.FD.HT.PV	Paraventricular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LAC.HT.BR	LMC.MM.PAG	Periaqueductal Gray Matter	nucleus-nucleus-ENK	Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LAC.HT.BR	LAC.SC.IZ.IML	Intermediolateral Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LAC.HT.BR	LPC.SC.VH.ONF	Onuf's Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (BAR -> ONF)
Target
TEA	LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG	TARGET.TEA.BREAST	Breast	TARGET.TEA.BREAST-nipple-smooth-muscles	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.GENITALIA	Genitalia	TARGET.TEA.GENITALIA-corpus-cavernosum-clitoridis	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.RECTUM	Rectum	TARGET.TEA.RECTUM-sphincter-ani-internus-muscle-parasympathetic	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.STOMACH	Stomach	TARGET.TEA.STOMACH-stomach-wall	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.URETER	Ureter	TARGET.TEA.URETER-detrusor-urinae-muscle-parasympathetic	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.SYM.ARG	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE	Endocrine Glands	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE-endocrine-ovary-gland	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.VESSELS	Blood vessels	TARGET.TEA.VESSELS-renal-blood-vessels	(unknown reference)
	LAC.PN.SYM.IMG	TARGET.TEA.GENITALIA	Genitalia	TARGET.TEA.GENITALIA-bartholin-gland	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.RECTUM	Rectum	TARGET.TEA.RECTUM-sphincter-ani-internus-muscle-sympathetic	(unknown reference)
		TARGET.TEA.URETER	Ureter	TARGET.TEA.URETER-detrusor-urinae-muscle-sympathetic	(unknown reference)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• Autonomic nervous system - see Reference

map: 
CLG=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG
DM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN
EPG=Episcleral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.EPG
EWN=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN
EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE
ISL=Inferior Salivatory Nucleus,LAC.HL.SAL.ISL
OTG=Otic Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.OTG
SMG=Submandibular Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG
SPG=Sphenopalatine Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG
SSL=Superior Salivatory Nucleus,LAC.HL.SAL.SSL

• Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance - see Reference

map: 
AH=Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH
ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DMN=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
MPOA=Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO
PA=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
SCH=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN
SON=Supraoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SO
VMN=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM

• Eating and sleeping to survive - see Reference

map: 
ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
MPO=Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO
PVH=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN
VLPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO
VMH=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM

• Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract - see Reference

map: 
CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
DVM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN
IMG=Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG
IML=Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
MPOA=Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO
NBM=Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM
ONF=Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF
PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PEL=Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG
PU=Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
SNC=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SPS=Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
ZI=Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI

• Effect of light on pupil diameter - see Reference

map: 
DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
EW=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN
EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE
GC=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG
IML=Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
OPN=Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
RET=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCG=Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG
SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN

• Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway - see Reference

map: 
BAR=Barrington's Nucleus,LAC.HT.BR
IMG=Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG
IML=Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML
ONF=Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
PEL=Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG
SPS=Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS

• Sympathetic and parasympathetic eye pathways - see Reference

map: 
CC=Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC
CLG=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG
EWN=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN
EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE
PHT=Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PN
SCG=Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG

• Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety - see Reference

map: 
ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
NTS=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
VMH=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM

• Glucose-sensing neural network - see Reference

map: 
ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DMN=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
PVH=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
VMH=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM

• Face muscles - see Reference

map: 
CLG=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG
OTG=Otic Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.OTG
SMG=Submandibular Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG
SPG=Sphenopalatine Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG

• Food-entrainable circadian oscillator - see Reference

map: 
DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
NTS=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PVH=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN

• Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity - see Reference

map: 
AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DS=Dorsal Striatum,FEC.FT.DST (see Basal Ganglia)
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
ME=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE
NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
NTS=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
VMN=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Face glands - see Reference

map: 
PPG=Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG
SMG=Submandibular Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG

• Vision Components - see Reference

map: 
CG=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG
EWN=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN
EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
OCN=Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN
RT=Retinal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.RT
SOA=Supraoculomotor Area,VBA.MM.SOA (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
STN=Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR
VAC=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see Intraparietal Sulcus)
VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

• Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex - see Reference

map: 
Abducens=Abducens Nucleus,LPC.HT.ABD
Ciliary=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG
EWN=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN
EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE
Facial=Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM
Oculomotor=Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN
Pretectum=Pretectum,MM.PT (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
PrincipalTrigeminal=Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
SpinalTrigeminal=Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR
SupraOculomotor=Supraoculomotor Area,VBA.MM.SOA (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
VAC=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe)

• Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway - see Reference

map: 
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
LDTg=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT
TMN=Tuberomammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.TBM
VLPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO

• Amygdala and its network - see Reference

map: 
BLN=Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.BP
CEA=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see Amygdala)
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
HTS=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
ITC=Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE
LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see Amygdala)
LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus)
MPFC=Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OMPFC
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
RMTG=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
STC=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3
VGDM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems - see Reference

map: 
DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB
DRN=Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN
GPb=Dorsal Pallidum,FEC.FT.DP (see Basal Ganglia)
IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
LHbL=Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT
LHbM=Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED
LPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO
LS=Lateral Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.LT
MHb=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
MRN=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation)
MS=Medial Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.MED
PS=Posterior Septal Group,FAM.FT.SEP.PG (see Septal Nuclei)
RMTg=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Regulation of Social Brain - see Reference

map: 
AMG=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
Caud=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
DACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG
DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
Hipp=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
IFG=Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG
LSN=Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PhippG=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
Put=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia)
SGC=Subgenual Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.AL.SGCG
SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see Basal Ganglia)
VACC=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
VentPal=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)

• Spine induction on short primary dendrites in the ventrolateral VMH - see Reference

map: 
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
VMH=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM

• Habenula Connections - see Reference

map: 
CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB
DR=Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
IP=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see Hypothalamus)
LHb=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
LPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO
MHb=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
MR=Superior Central Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.SUC
PB=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE
S=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm - see Reference

map: 
AVTH=Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV
HF=Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF
MMB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB
RSP=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC
SEP=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
SupraMM=Supramammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SUM
VTN=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one - see Reference

map: 
ADTH=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD
AMTH=Anteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.AM
AVTH=Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV
DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT
LMB=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB
MMB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB
MedialEC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
PAS=Parasubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PAS
POS=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS
PRS=Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS
SEP=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
SupraMM=Supramammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SUM
TuberoMM=Lateral Tuberal Nuclei,LAC.FD.HT.LTUB (see Hypothalamus)
VTN=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex - see Reference

map: 
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see Hypothalamus)
HT.PV=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
INS=Insular Cortex,NC.INS
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
PB=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PUT=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE
SOL=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
TH=Thalamus,FD.TH

• Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection - see Reference

map: 
DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB
DTG=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG
EPN=Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
LHT=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
LHbL=Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT
LHbM=Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED
NI=Incertus Nucleus,FAM.HT.TG.NI
RMTg=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
VTG=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTG

• Connectivity map of the habenula - see Reference

map: 
CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
EP=Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF
Hippo=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
L=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
M=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
Septum=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

References

(generated)

• http://www.neurophysiology.ws/autonomicns.htm
• http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf
• http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217
• http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders
• http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full
• http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html
• http://www.nature.com/pr/journal/v71/n3/fig_tab/pr201138f1.html
• http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html
• http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/302/2/R215
• http://www.medicallecturenotes.com/trigeminal-nerve/
• http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html
• http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html
• http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/neuroanatomy-lecture-14-/deck/4433536
• http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html
• http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html
• http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
• http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html
• http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
• http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.expansion
• http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula
• http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html
• http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html
• http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
• http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full
• http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633