BrainAreaFAM
Forebrain Affective Motivations Area
Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaFAM
Contents
- 1 Local Circuits
- 1.1 Acquisition of Avoidance Responses
- 1.2 Conscious Emotions Control
- 1.3 Conditional Context Sensory Data and Memory Attention
- 1.4 Express Flight Emotions
- 1.5 Express Fight Emotions
- 1.6 Solving Fight-Flight Dilemma
- 1.7 Memory Formation Affective Focus
- 1.8 Reward Emotions Control
- 1.9 Fast Unconditional Sensory Data and Association Memory
- 2 Thirdparty Circuits
- 3 References
Local Circuits
(generated)
|| ID || Name || Regions || || FAMXAA || Acquisition of Avoidance Responses || FAM.FD.LHB.LT, FAM.FD.LHB.MED || || FAMXCEC || Conscious Emotions Control || FAM.FT.AM.BP, FAM.FT.AM.ITC, FAM.FT.SEP.SF, FAM.FT.SEP.TR || || FAMXCS || Conditional Context Sensory Data and Memory Attention || FAM.FD.TH.PT, FAM.FT.AM.AB, FAM.FT.AM.BM, FAM.FT.AM.COA, FAM.FT.AM.LADL || || FAMXEFL || Express Flight Emotions || FAM.FT.AM.MEA, FAM.FT.AM.MPD, FAM.FT.AM.MPV, FAM.FT.BNST, FAM.FT.IPAC.MED, FAM.FT.SEP.BAC || || FAMXEFT || Express Fight Emotions || FAM.FT.AM.CEM, FAM.FT.SEP.SH || || FAMXFFD || Solving Fight-Flight Dilemma || FAM.FT.SEP.LT || || FAMXMF || Memory Formation Affective Focus || FAM.FT.SEP.DBB, FAM.FT.SEP.MED || || FAMXREC || Reward Emotions Control || FAM.FD.MHB, FAM.FT.EPF, FAM.HP.NI, FAM.HP.PPN.IPD, FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG || || FAMXUS || Fast Unconditional Sensory Data and Association Memory || FAM.FT.AM.CEC, FAM.FT.AM.CEL, FAM.FT.AM.COP, FAM.FT.AM.LAVL, FAM.FT.AM.LAVM ||
Acquisition of Avoidance Responses
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || FAM.FD.LHB.LT || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || nucleus || FAU || Encoding negative feedback, direct, Pallidal || || || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus || FAU || Encoding negative feedback, direct, Septal || ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || FAM.FD.MHB || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.HP.NI || Incertus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || FEC || FAM.FD.LHB.LT || FEC.FT.GPI.DS || Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [Connections (GPi -> LHb, abstract)] || || || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || FEC.FT.VP.VM || Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || LAC || FAM.FD.LHB.LT || LAC.FD.HT.LTN || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Connections (LH -> LHb, abstract)] || || || || LAC.FD.HT.PO || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Connections (LPO -> LHb, abstract)] || || LMC || FAM.FD.LHB.LT || LMC.MM.RF.SUC || Superior Central Raphe Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FD.LHB.LT || FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (LHB -> RMTG, abstract)] || || FEC || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || FEC.FT.SNC.LT || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral || nucleus-nucleus || [Connections (LHb -> SNc, abstract)] || || LMC || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || LMC.HP.TG.DTG || Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LMC.HP.TG.VTG || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LMC.MM.RF.SUC || Superior Central Raphe Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)] || || || || LMC.MM.RP.DRN || Dorsal Raphe Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract)] ||
Conscious Emotions Control
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || FAM.FT.AM.BP || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || enhance explicit memories in hippocampus about emotional situations || || || FAM.FT.AM.ITC || Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei || nucleus || FAU || inhibit excessive emotional behavior || inhibitory || || FAM.FT.SEP.SF || Septofimbrial Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || afferent to medial habenula, primary input to indirect encoding negative feedback || || || FAM.FT.SEP.TR || Triangular Septal Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || afferent to medial habenula, interpeduncular nucleus || ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NDM || FAM.FT.AM.BP || NDM.NC.AL.DACG || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || [for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)] || || || || NDM.NC.AL.FPC || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || NDM.NC.AL.VACG || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || [for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.ITC || NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC || Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FT.AM.BP || FAM.FT.AM.LADL || Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)] || || || || FAM.FT.AM.LAVL || Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.ITC || FAM.FT.AM.BM || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.AM.LADL || Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.SEP.SF || FAM.HP.NI || Incertus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.SEP.TR || FAM.HP.NI || Incertus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || FMM || FAM.FT.SEP.SF || FMM.FT.HC.CA3D || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || allocortex-nucleus || [Gyrus (HC -> SEP, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.SEP.TR || FMM.FT.HF.SUBD || Distal Subiculum || allocortex-nucleus || [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (HF -> SEP, abstract)] ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FT.AM.BP || FAM.FT.AM.BM || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (BLN -> CEA, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.ITC || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.SEP.SF || FAM.FD.MHB || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.SEP.TR || FAM.FD.MHB || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] || || FEC || FAM.FT.AM.BP || FEC.FT.ACC.CORE || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (BLN -> NACC, abstract)] || || FMM || FAM.FT.AM.BP || FMM.NC.PH.LEC || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [Connections of Hippocampus (AM -> EC, abstract)] || || LMC || FAM.FT.AM.BP || LMC.FT.NBM || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
Conditional Context Sensory Data and Memory Attention
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments ||
|| FAM.FD.TH.PT || Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus || FAU || Gateway for multimodal information to limbic system used in selecting appropriate
responses || Projects to BNST, AM, OMPFC, ET; Direct behavior
toward a particular outcome over a range of
outcomes ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.AB || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || enhance assotiative memory formation || proections to matrix of core of NACC ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.BM || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || enhance emotional memories memories in medial prefrontal cortex || ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.COA || Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || olfactory processing - conditional contextual signaling || ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.LADL || Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || conditional stimulus input - high-aggregated visual, auditory and somatic,
patterns of perception || LA2 ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || FAM.FT.AM.COA || FAM.FT.AM.AB || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || FAM.FT.AM.LADL || FAM.FT.AM.AB || nucleus-nucleus || [alarm system (LA -> AB, abstract)] ||
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NCP || FAM.FT.AM.BM || NCP.NC.INS.PIC || Posterior Insular Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.LADL || NCP.NC.INS.PPC || Peripaleocortical Claustral || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || NDM || FAM.FT.AM.BM || NDM.NC.AL.FPC || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || NSA || FAM.FT.AM.LADL || NSA.FD.TH.MGB || Medial Geniculate Body || nucleus-nucleus || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)] || || || || NSA.NC.IT.TE || Inferotemporal Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || [and its network (ITC -> LA, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FT.AM.AB || FAM.FT.AM.LAVM || Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [alarm system (LA -> AB, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.BM || FAM.FT.AM.BP || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.LADL || FAM.FT.IPAC.MED || Medial Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || FMM || FAM.FT.AM.AB || FMM.FT.HF.SUBD || Distal Subiculum || allocortex-nucleus || [model of hippocampal formation anatomy (SUB -> Amyg, abstract)] || || || || FMM.FT.HF.SUBP || Proximal Subiculum || allocortex-nucleus || [model of hippocampal formation anatomy (SUB -> Amyg, abstract)] || || || || FMM.NC.PH.LEC || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || [model of hippocampal formation anatomy (EC -> Amyg, abstract)] || || LMC || FAM.FT.AM.BM || LMC.FT.NBM || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || || LPC || FAM.FT.AM.COA || LPC.FT.MOB || Main Olfactory Bulb || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NCP || FAM.FD.TH.PT || NCP.NC.MPL.RSC || Retrosplenial Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> PostCingulate, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.BM || NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [decision-making (AMYG -> CGp, abstract)] || || NDM || FAM.FD.TH.PT || NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR || Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.AB || NDM.FD.TH.MDM || Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (AM -> TH, abstract)] || || || || NDM.NC.AL.DACG || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)] || || || || NDM.NC.AL.VACG || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)] || || NPE || FAM.FD.TH.PT || NPE.FD.TH.MPV || Medial Pulvinar || nucleus-nucleus || [of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> mPULV, abstract)] || || NSA || FAM.FT.AM.BM || NSA.NC.TTG.A1 || Primary Auditory Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [Interactions in Tectum (AM -> AC, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FD.TH.PT || FAM.FT.AM.LAVL || Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)] || || || || FAM.FT.BNST || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.AB || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [alarm system (AB -> CE, abstract)] || || || || FAM.FT.AM.MPD || Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.BM || FAM.FT.AM.ITC || Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.LADL || FAM.FT.AM.BP || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)] || || || || FAM.FT.AM.CEC || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (LA -> CEA, abstract)] || || || || FAM.FT.AM.ITC || Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || FEC || FAM.FD.TH.PT || FEC.FT.ACC.CORE || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.AB || FEC.FT.CN.TL || Caudate Nucleus Tail || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || FMM || FAM.FD.TH.PT || FMM.NC.PH.LEC || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> EC, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.AB || FMM.NC.PH.PAS || Parasubiculum || nucleus-neocortex || (unknown reference) || || LMC || FAM.FT.AM.AB || LMC.FT.NBM || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
Express Flight Emotions
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.MEA || Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || olfactory processing || ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.MPD || Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || reproductive behavior || MePD -> HT-MPN ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.MPV || Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || defensive behavior || MePV -> LAC.FD.HT.VM (reproductive+defensive),
LAC.FD.HT.AH (defensive) ||
|| FAM.FT.BNST || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus || FAU || Mediate slow longer-lasting responses that accompany sustained threats || Major output from AM to HT, part of extended
amygdala; medial part continues to medial AM,
central part continues to central AM ||
|| FAM.FT.IPAC.MED || Medial Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || Sharp, acute pain sensation || reciprocate its afferent connections, similar to
medial part of central amygdaloid nucleus;
projections to AM-Ce/BNST components, PB, and SOL
originate chiefly from medial division; strong ACh
projections from caudal IPACm to AM-BL-posterior
and amygdalopiriform transition area ||
|| FAM.FT.SEP.BAC || Bed Nucleus of Anterior Commissure || nucleus || FAU || projection to contralateral HC || ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || FAM.FT.AM.MEA || FAM.FT.AM.MPD || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.MPV || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.BNST || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.IPAC.MED || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || FAM.FT.AM.MPV || FAM.FT.BNST || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || FAM.FT.BNST || FAM.FT.IPAC.MED || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.SEP.BAC || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NCP || FAM.FT.BNST || NCP.NC.AL.SGCG || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || NSA || FAM.FT.IPAC.MED || NSA.NC.PH.PIR || Piriform Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FT.AM.MEA || FAM.FT.AM.COP || Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.MPD || FAM.FT.AM.AB || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.BNST || FAM.FD.TH.PT || Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.AM.CEL || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LAC || FAM.FT.BNST || LAC.FD.HT.VM || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LPC || FAM.FT.AM.MEA || LPC.FT.AOB || Accessory Olfactory Bulb || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.BNST || LPC.FD.TH.PV || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FT.AM.MEA || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [alarm system (MED -> CE, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.MPV || FAM.FT.SEP.LT || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.IPAC.MED || FAM.FT.AM.LADL || Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.SEP.BAC || FAM.FD.MHB || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus || [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] || || FEC || FAM.FT.BNST || FEC.FT.SNC.MED || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || FMM || FAM.FT.AM.MPV || FMM.FD.TH.RE || Reuniens Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [decision-making (AMYG -> Thalamus, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.SEP.BAC || FMM.FT.HF.SUBP || Proximal Subiculum || nucleus-allocortex || [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SEP -> HF, abstract)] || || LAC || FAM.FT.AM.MEA || LAC.FD.HT.PO || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.MPD || LAC.FD.HT.PO || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)] || || || || LAC.FD.HT.PV || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.PV, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.MPV || LAC.FD.HT.PRM || Premammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.L, abstract)] || || || || LAC.FD.HT.VM || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)] || || LMC || FAM.FT.BNST || LMC.FT.NBM || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LMC.HP.LC || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LMC.MM.VTA || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LPC || FAM.FT.IPAC.MED || LPC.HM.SOL || Solitary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LPC.HP.PB || Parabrachial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
Express Fight Emotions
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.CEM || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || mediate behavioral responses, output projections || ||
|| FAM.FT.SEP.SH || Septohippocampal Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || participate in solving conflict between two or more competing goals, defensive
circuit || ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NDM || FAM.FT.SEP.SH || NDM.NC.AL.FPC || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || FAM.FT.AM.AB || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [alarm system (AB -> CE, abstract)] || || || || FAM.FT.AM.BP || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (BLN -> CEA, abstract)] || || || || FAM.FT.AM.CEC || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.AM.CEL || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.AM.ITC || Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.AM.MEA || Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [alarm system (MED -> CE, abstract)] || || FEC || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || FEC.FT.SNC.MED || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial || nucleus-nucleus-DA || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || FAM.FT.SEP.LT || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LAC || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || LAC.FD.HT.LTN || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.L, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.SEP.SH || LAC.FD.HT.LTN || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] || || LMC || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || LMC.FT.NBM || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LMC.MM.PAG || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)] ||
Solving Fight-Flight Dilemma
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || FAM.FT.SEP.LT || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || promote active stress coping behavior || ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FT.SEP.LT || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.AM.MPV || Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || LAC || FAM.FT.SEP.LT || LAC.FD.HT.PN || Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LAC.FD.HT.TBM || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LMC || FAM.FT.SEP.LT || LMC.MM.RF.SUC || Superior Central Raphe Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || LAC || FAM.FT.SEP.LT || LAC.FD.HT.PO || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] || || LPC || FAM.FT.SEP.LT || LPC.FD.TH.PV || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) ||
Memory Formation Affective Focus
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments ||
|| FAM.FT.SEP.DBB || Diagonal Band of Broca || nucleus || FAU || involved in generation of theta waves in hippocampus || ACh and GABA; ventral group - from stria terminalis
to/from MFB ||
|| FAM.FT.SEP.MED || Medial Septal Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || affect HC for spatial learning, generation of theta waves || output nucleus; projections from AM and HC overlap;
control theta rythm and exprolatory behavior;
from/to MFB to fornix fimbria ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FMM || FAM.FT.SEP.MED || FMM.FT.HC.CA1D || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || allocortex-nucleus || [Network in Hippocampus (CA1 -> SEP, abstract)] || || LAC || FAM.FT.SEP.DBB || LAC.FD.HT.SUM || Supramammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SupraMM -> SEP, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.SEP.MED || LAC.FD.HT.SUM || Supramammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SupraMM -> SEP, abstract)] || || LMC || FAM.FT.SEP.DBB || LMC.HP.LC || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NCP || FAM.FT.SEP.MED || NCP.NC.MPL.RSC || Retrosplenial Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SEP -> RSP, abstract)] || || NDM || FAM.FT.SEP.DBB || NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC || Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-gaba || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.SEP.MED || NDM.FD.TH.MDM || Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [relationships (s1MD -> MD, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FEC || FAM.FT.SEP.MED || FEC.FD.TH.PF || Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || || FMM || FAM.FT.SEP.DBB || FMM.FD.MB.MMB || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] || || || || FMM.FT.HC.CA2 || Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus || nucleus-allocortex-gaba || [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SEP -> HF, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.SEP.MED || FMM.FD.MB.LMB || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] || || || || FMM.FD.MB.MMB || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] ||
Reward Emotions Control
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments ||
|| FAM.FD.MHB || Medial Habenula || nucleus || FAU || Encoding negative feedback, indirect || affects VTA, dorsal raphe but via interpeduncular
nucleus ||
|| FAM.FT.EPF || Endopiriform Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || Putative relay of limbic-associated cortical-like areas subserving affective
information || ||
|| FAM.HP.NI || Incertus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Behavioural activation and the response to stress || Modulating influences on prefrontal and hippocampal
cortical activity, midline behavior control;
modulatory nucleus; relay from reticularis pontis
oralis nucleus to septo-hippocampal system ||
|| FAM.HP.PPN.IPD || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus || FEU || postural control, voluntary arm and eye movements || Pars compacta, anterior, compact subnucleus, ACh;
unpaired ||
|| FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || FEU || locomotion - walking, running || Pars dissipata, anterior, dissipated subnucleus,
GABA ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || FAM.FD.MHB || FAM.HP.PPN.IPD || nucleus-nucleus || [Connections (MHb -> IP)] || || FAM.HP.NI || FAM.FT.EPF || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG || FAM.HP.PPN.IPD || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) ||
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NSA || FAM.FT.EPF || NSA.NC.PH.PIR || Piriform Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || [sensory system of rat and macaque (PiR -> EnP)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FD.MHB || FAM.FT.SEP.BAC || Bed Nucleus of Anterior Commissure || nucleus-nucleus || [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] || || || || FAM.FT.SEP.SF || Septofimbrial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] || || || || FAM.FT.SEP.TR || Triangular Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] || || || FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG || FAM.FD.LHB.LT || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (LHB -> RMTG, abstract)] || || FEC || FAM.HP.PPN.IPD || FEC.FD.STN.ICD || Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FEC.FT.SNR.MED || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG || FEC.FD.STN.LT || Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LMC || FAM.FD.MHB || LMC.HP.LC || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.HP.PPN.IPD || LMC.HP.TG.LDT || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD)] || || LRC || FAM.HP.NI || LRC.HP.PRF.RPO || Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NCP || FAM.FT.EPF || NCP.NC.INS.AIC || Anterior Insular Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [sensory system of rat and macaque (EnP -> Iav, abstract)] || || NSA || FAM.HP.PPN.IPD || NSA.FD.LGN || Lateral Geniculate Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> LGN, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FD.MHB || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.HP.NI || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.SEP.SF || Septofimbrial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.SEP.TR || Triangular Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || FEC || FAM.HP.PPN.IPD || FEC.FD.STN.LT || Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || || || || FEC.FT.SNC.LT || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || || FMM || FAM.HP.NI || FMM.NC.PH.PER || Perirhinal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-gaba || (unknown reference) || || LMC || FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG || LMC.HP.TG.LDT || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || LRC || FAM.HP.PPN.IPD || LRC.MM.SC.INT || Intermediate Superior Colliculus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)] || || Target || || || || || || || TEA || FAM.FD.MHB || TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE || Endocrine Glands || endocrine-pineal-gland || [Connections (MHb -> PB)] ||
Fast Unconditional Sensory Data and Association Memory
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.CEC || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus || FAU || mediate behavioral responses, link to striatal effect || gustatory, somatosensory, visual, auditory, frontal
cortex, perirhinal cortex, ET, SUB -> X ->
HT-dl/cl, CeM ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.CEL || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision || nucleus || FAU || mediate behavioral responses, link to gustatory and visceral aspects of
reinforcement || contributions of food prediction and food
presentation ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.COP || Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || olfactory processing - unconditional signaling || ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.LAVL || Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || unconditional stimulus input - visual, auditory and somatic, convergence from
thalamus || LA1; LGN, MGBm, PIL ||
|| FAM.FT.AM.LAVM || Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus || FAU || conditional and unconditional convergence to affect polymodal memory formation || LA3; projects to ET ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NSA || FAM.FT.AM.CEL || NSA.NC.PO.PCC || Precentral Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.LAVL || NSA.FD.TH.SG || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FT.AM.CEC || FAM.FT.AM.LADL || Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (LA -> CEA, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.LAVL || FAM.FD.TH.PT || Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)] || || LMC || FAM.FT.AM.CEC || LMC.MM.VTA || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)] || || LPC || FAM.FT.AM.CEL || LPC.HP.PB || Parabrachial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (PB -> AM, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.COP || LPC.FT.AOB || Accessory Olfactory Bulb || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || FAM.FT.AM.CEC || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.CEL || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.BNST || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.COP || FAM.FT.AM.MEA || Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.LAVL || FAM.FT.AM.BP || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)] || || || FAM.FT.AM.LAVM || FAM.FT.AM.AB || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [alarm system (LA -> AB, abstract)] || || LAC || FAM.FT.AM.COP || LAC.FD.HT.SO || Supraoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)] || || LPC || FAM.FT.AM.CEL || LPC.HM.SOL || Solitary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || FAM.FT.AM.LAVM || LPC.FD.TH.PV || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [decision-making (AMYG -> Thalamus, abstract)] || || || || LPC.MM.CIC || Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus || nucleus-nucleus || [Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)] ||
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- [alarm system] - see [[1]]
- [Connections] - see [[2]]
- [and its network] - see [[3]]
- [dopaminergic and serotonergic systems] - see [[4]]
- [of dorsal diencephalic conduction system] - see [[5]]
- [Direction Cell Circuit] - see [[6]]
- [sensory system of rat and macaque] - see [[7]]
- [prefrontal network] - see [[8]]
- [regulation] - see [[9]]
- [role of habenula in emotional behaviors] - see [[10]]
References
(generated)
- http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_04/i_04_cl/i_04_cl_peu/i_04_cl_peu.html
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula
- http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
- http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/full/nn.3779.html
- http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1519/1005
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215
- http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/fig_tab/npp2009104f10.html
- https://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
- http://dgr.brain.riken.jp/AsymmetryE.html
