BrainAreaFAM
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Forebrain Affective Motivations Area
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Contents
- 1 Local Circuits
- 1.1 Acquisition of Avoidance Responses
- 1.2 Conscious Emotions Control
- 1.3 Conditional Context Sensory Data and Memory Attention
- 1.4 Express Flight Emotions
- 1.5 Express Fight Emotions
- 1.6 Solving Fight-Flight Dilemma
- 1.7 Memory Formation Affective Focus
- 1.8 Reward Emotions Control
- 1.9 Fast Unconditional Sensory Data and Association Memory
- 2 Thirdparty Circuits
- 3 References
Local Circuits
(generated)
| ID | Name | Regions |
| FAMXAA | Acquisition of Avoidance Responses | FAM.FD.LHB.LT, FAM.FD.LHB.MED |
| FAMXCEC | Conscious Emotions Control | FAM.FT.AM.BP, FAM.FT.AM.ITC, FAM.FT.SEP.SF, FAM.FT.SEP.TR |
| FAMXCS | Conditional Context Sensory Data and Memory Attention | FAM.FD.TH.PT, FAM.FT.AM.AB, FAM.FT.AM.BM, FAM.FT.AM.COA, FAM.FT.AM.LADL |
| FAMXEFL | Express Flight Emotions | FAM.FT.AM.MEA, FAM.FT.AM.MPD, FAM.FT.AM.MPV, FAM.FT.BNST, FAM.FT.IPAC.MED, FAM.FT.SEP.BAC |
| FAMXEFT | Express Fight Emotions | FAM.FT.AM.CEM, FAM.FT.SEP.SH |
| FAMXFFD | Solving Fight-Flight Dilemma | FAM.FT.SEP.LT |
| FAMXMF | Memory Formation Affective Focus | FAM.FT.SEP.DBB, FAM.FT.SEP.MED |
| FAMXREC | Reward Emotions Control | FAM.FD.MHB, FAM.FT.EPF, FAM.HP.NI, FAM.HP.PPN.IPD, FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG |
| FAMXUS | Fast Unconditional Sensory Data and Association Memory | FAM.FT.AM.CEC, FAM.FT.AM.CEL, FAM.FT.AM.COP, FAM.FT.AM.LAVL, FAM.FT.AM.LAVM |
Acquisition of Avoidance Responses
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| FAM.FD.LHB.LT | Lateral Habenula Lateral Part | nucleus | FAU | Encoding negative feedback, direct, Pallidal | |
| FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus | FAU | Encoding negative feedback, direct, Septal |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | FAM.FD.MHB | Medial Habenula | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.HP.NI | Incertus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | FAM.FD.LHB.LT | FEC.FT.GPI.DS | Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [Connections (GPi -> LHb, abstract)] |
| FAM.FD.LHB.MED | FEC.FT.VP.VM | Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| LAC | FAM.FD.LHB.LT | LAC.FD.HT.LTN | Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [Connections (LH -> LHb, abstract)] |
| LAC.FD.HT.PO | Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [Connections (LPO -> LHb, abstract)] | ||
| LMC | FAM.FD.LHB.LT | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | Superior Central Raphe Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FD.LHB.LT | FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (LHB -> RMTG, abstract)] |
| FEC | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | FEC.FT.SNC.LT | Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral | nucleus-nucleus | [Connections (LHb -> SNc, abstract)] |
| LMC | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | LMC.HP.TG.DTG | Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.TG.VTG | Ventral Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.MM.RF.SUC | Superior Central Raphe Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)] | ||
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | Dorsal Raphe Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract)] |
Conscious Emotions Control
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | enhance explicit memories in hippocampus about emotional situations | |
| FAM.FT.AM.ITC | Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei | nucleus | FAU | inhibit excessive emotional behavior | inhibitory |
| FAM.FT.SEP.SF | Septofimbrial Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | afferent to medial habenula, primary input to indirect encoding negative feedback | |
| FAM.FT.SEP.TR | Triangular Septal Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | afferent to medial habenula, interpeduncular nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | FAM.FT.AM.BP | NDM.NC.AL.DACG | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-nucleus | [for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)] |
| NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-nucleus | [for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)] | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.ITC | NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC | Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.BP | FAM.FT.AM.LADL | Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.AM.LAVL | Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)] | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.ITC | FAM.FT.AM.BM | Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.AM.LADL | Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.SEP.SF | FAM.HP.NI | Incertus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.SEP.TR | FAM.HP.NI | Incertus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| FMM | FAM.FT.SEP.SF | FMM.FT.HC.CA3D | Distal CA1 of Hippocampus | allocortex-nucleus | [Gyrus (HC -> SEP, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.SEP.TR | FMM.FT.HF.SUBD | Distal Subiculum | allocortex-nucleus | [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (HF -> SEP, abstract)] |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.BP | FAM.FT.AM.BM | Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (BLN -> CEA, abstract)] | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.ITC | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.SEP.SF | FAM.FD.MHB | Medial Habenula | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] | |
| FAM.FT.SEP.TR | FAM.FD.MHB | Medial Habenula | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] | |
| FEC | FAM.FT.AM.BP | FEC.FT.ACC.CORE | Nucleus Accumbens Core | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (BLN -> NACC, abstract)] |
| FMM | FAM.FT.AM.BP | FMM.NC.PH.LEC | Lateral Entorhinal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | [Connections of Hippocampus (AM -> EC, abstract)] |
| LMC | FAM.FT.AM.BP | LMC.FT.NBM | Basal Nucleus of Meynert | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Conditional Context Sensory Data and Memory Attention
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| FAM.FD.TH.PT | Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus | FAU | Gateway for multimodal information to limbic system used in selecting appropriate responses |
Projects to BNST, AM, OMPFC, ET; Direct behavior toward a particular outcome over a range of outcomes |
| FAM.FT.AM.AB | Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | enhance assotiative memory formation | proections to matrix of core of NACC |
| FAM.FT.AM.BM | Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | enhance emotional memories memories in medial prefrontal cortex | |
| FAM.FT.AM.COA | Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | olfactory processing - conditional contextual signaling | |
| FAM.FT.AM.LADL | Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | conditional stimulus input - high-aggregated visual, auditory and somatic, patterns of perception |
LA2 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
| FAM.FT.AM.COA | FAM.FT.AM.AB | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.LADL | FAM.FT.AM.AB | nucleus-nucleus | [alarm system (LA -> AB, abstract)] |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NCP | FAM.FT.AM.BM | NCP.NC.INS.PIC | Posterior Insular Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.LADL | NCP.NC.INS.PPC | Peripaleocortical Claustral | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| NDM | FAM.FT.AM.BM | NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| NSA | FAM.FT.AM.LADL | NSA.FD.TH.MGB | Medial Geniculate Body | nucleus-nucleus | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)] |
| NSA.NC.IT.TE | Inferotemporal Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | [and its network (ITC -> LA, abstract)] | ||
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.AB | FAM.FT.AM.LAVM | Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [alarm system (LA -> AB, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.AM.BM | FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.AM.LADL | FAM.FT.IPAC.MED | Medial Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FMM | FAM.FT.AM.AB | FMM.FT.HF.SUBD | Distal Subiculum | allocortex-nucleus | [model of hippocampal formation anatomy (SUB -> Amyg, abstract)] |
| FMM.FT.HF.SUBP | Proximal Subiculum | allocortex-nucleus | [model of hippocampal formation anatomy (SUB -> Amyg, abstract)] | ||
| FMM.NC.PH.LEC | Lateral Entorhinal Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | [model of hippocampal formation anatomy (EC -> Amyg, abstract)] | ||
| LMC | FAM.FT.AM.BM | LMC.FT.NBM | Basal Nucleus of Meynert | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| LPC | FAM.FT.AM.COA | LPC.FT.MOB | Main Olfactory Bulb | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NCP | FAM.FD.TH.PT | NCP.NC.MPL.RSC | Retrosplenial Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | [of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> PostCingulate, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.AM.BM | NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG | Posterior Cingulate Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | [decision-making (AMYG -> CGp, abstract)] | |
| NDM | FAM.FD.TH.PT | NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR | Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | [Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.AM.AB | NDM.FD.TH.MDM | Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | [Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (AM -> TH, abstract)] | |
| NDM.NC.AL.DACG | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area | nucleus-neocortex | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)] | ||
| NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | nucleus-neocortex | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)] | ||
| NPE | FAM.FD.TH.PT | NPE.FD.TH.MPV | Medial Pulvinar | nucleus-nucleus | [of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> mPULV, abstract)] |
| NSA | FAM.FT.AM.BM | NSA.NC.TTG.A1 | Primary Auditory Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | [Interactions in Tectum (AM -> AC, abstract)] |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FD.TH.PT | FAM.FT.AM.LAVL | Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.AB | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [alarm system (AB -> CE, abstract)] | |
| FAM.FT.AM.MPD | Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.BM | FAM.FT.AM.ITC | Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.AM.LADL | FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)] | |
| FAM.FT.AM.CEC | Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (LA -> CEA, abstract)] | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.ITC | Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | FAM.FD.TH.PT | FEC.FT.ACC.CORE | Nucleus Accumbens Core | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.AB | FEC.FT.CN.TL | Caudate Nucleus Tail | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FMM | FAM.FD.TH.PT | FMM.NC.PH.LEC | Lateral Entorhinal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | [of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> EC, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.AM.AB | FMM.NC.PH.PAS | Parasubiculum | nucleus-neocortex | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC | FAM.FT.AM.AB | LMC.FT.NBM | Basal Nucleus of Meynert | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Express Flight Emotions
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| FAM.FT.AM.MEA | Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | olfactory processing | |
| FAM.FT.AM.MPD | Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | reproductive behavior | MePD -> HT-MPN |
| FAM.FT.AM.MPV | Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | defensive behavior | MePV -> LAC.FD.HT.VM (reproductive+defensive), LAC.FD.HT.AH (defensive) |
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus | FAU | Mediate slow longer-lasting responses that accompany sustained threats | Major output from AM to HT, part of extended amygdala; medial part continues to medial AM, central part continues to central AM |
| FAM.FT.IPAC.MED | Medial Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | Sharp, acute pain sensation | reciprocate its afferent connections, similar to medial part of central amygdaloid nucleus; projections to AM-Ce/BNST components, PB, and SOL originate chiefly from medial division; strong ACh projections from caudal IPACm to AM-BL-posterior and amygdalopiriform transition area |
| FAM.FT.SEP.BAC | Bed Nucleus of Anterior Commissure | nucleus | FAU | projection to contralateral HC |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
| FAM.FT.AM.MEA | FAM.FT.AM.MPD | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.MPV | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.BNST | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.IPAC.MED | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.AM.MPV | FAM.FT.BNST | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.BNST | FAM.FT.IPAC.MED | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.SEP.BAC | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NCP | FAM.FT.BNST | NCP.NC.AL.SGCG | Subgenual Cingulate Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| NSA | FAM.FT.IPAC.MED | NSA.NC.PH.PIR | Piriform Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.MEA | FAM.FT.AM.COP | Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.MPD | FAM.FT.AM.AB | Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.BNST | FAM.FD.TH.PT | Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.AM.CEL | Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LAC | FAM.FT.BNST | LAC.FD.HT.VM | Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LPC | FAM.FT.AM.MEA | LPC.FT.AOB | Accessory Olfactory Bulb | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.BNST | LPC.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.MEA | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [alarm system (MED -> CE, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.AM.MPV | FAM.FT.SEP.LT | Lateral Septal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.IPAC.MED | FAM.FT.AM.LADL | Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.SEP.BAC | FAM.FD.MHB | Medial Habenula | nucleus-nucleus | [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] | |
| FEC | FAM.FT.BNST | FEC.FT.SNC.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FMM | FAM.FT.AM.MPV | FMM.FD.TH.RE | Reuniens Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [decision-making (AMYG -> Thalamus, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.SEP.BAC | FMM.FT.HF.SUBP | Proximal Subiculum | nucleus-allocortex | [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SEP -> HF, abstract)] | |
| LAC | FAM.FT.AM.MEA | LAC.FD.HT.PO | Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.AM.MPD | LAC.FD.HT.PO | Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)] | |
| LAC.FD.HT.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.PV, abstract)] | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.MPV | LAC.FD.HT.PRM | Premammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.L, abstract)] | |
| LAC.FD.HT.VM | Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)] | ||
| LMC | FAM.FT.BNST | LMC.FT.NBM | Basal Nucleus of Meynert | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.LC | Locus Coeruleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.MM.VTA | Ventral Tegmental Area | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LPC | FAM.FT.IPAC.MED | LPC.HM.SOL | Solitary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LPC.HP.PB | Parabrachial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Express Fight Emotions
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | mediate behavioral responses, output projections | |
| FAM.FT.SEP.SH | Septohippocampal Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | participate in solving conflict between two or more competing goals, defensive circuit |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | FAM.FT.SEP.SH | NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | FAM.FT.AM.AB | Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [alarm system (AB -> CE, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (BLN -> CEA, abstract)] | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.CEC | Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.CEL | Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.ITC | Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.MEA | Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [alarm system (MED -> CE, abstract)] | ||
| FEC | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | FEC.FT.SNC.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial | nucleus-nucleus-DA | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | FAM.FT.SEP.LT | Lateral Septal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | LAC.FD.HT.LTN | Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.L, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.SEP.SH | LAC.FD.HT.LTN | Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] | |
| LMC | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | LMC.FT.NBM | Basal Nucleus of Meynert | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)] |
Solving Fight-Flight Dilemma
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| FAM.FT.SEP.LT | Lateral Septal Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | promote active stress coping behavior |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FT.SEP.LT | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.MPV | Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | ||
| LAC | FAM.FT.SEP.LT | LAC.FD.HT.PN | Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.TBM | Tuberomammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC | FAM.FT.SEP.LT | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | Superior Central Raphe Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| LAC | FAM.FT.SEP.LT | LAC.FD.HT.PO | Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] |
| LPC | FAM.FT.SEP.LT | LPC.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
Memory Formation Affective Focus
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| FAM.FT.SEP.DBB | Diagonal Band of Broca | nucleus | FAU | involved in generation of theta waves in hippocampus | ACh and GABA; ventral group - from stria terminalis to/from MFB |
| FAM.FT.SEP.MED | Medial Septal Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | affect HC for spatial learning, generation of theta waves | output nucleus; projections from AM and HC overlap; control theta rythm and exprolatory behavior; from/to MFB to fornix fimbria |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FMM | FAM.FT.SEP.MED | FMM.FT.HC.CA1D | Distal CA1 of Hippocampus | allocortex-nucleus | [Network in Hippocampus (CA1 -> SEP, abstract)] |
| LAC | FAM.FT.SEP.DBB | LAC.FD.HT.SUM | Supramammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SupraMM -> SEP, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.SEP.MED | LAC.FD.HT.SUM | Supramammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SupraMM -> SEP, abstract)] | |
| LMC | FAM.FT.SEP.DBB | LMC.HP.LC | Locus Coeruleus | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NCP | FAM.FT.SEP.MED | NCP.NC.MPL.RSC | Retrosplenial Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-ACh | [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SEP -> RSP, abstract)] |
| NDM | FAM.FT.SEP.DBB | NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC | Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-gaba | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.SEP.MED | NDM.FD.TH.MDM | Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | [relationships (s1MD -> MD, abstract)] | |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FEC | FAM.FT.SEP.MED | FEC.FD.TH.PF | Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| FMM | FAM.FT.SEP.DBB | FMM.FD.MB.MMB | Medial Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] |
| FMM.FT.HC.CA2 | Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus | nucleus-allocortex-gaba | [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SEP -> HF, abstract)] | ||
| FAM.FT.SEP.MED | FMM.FD.MB.LMB | Lateral Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | [Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] | |
| FMM.FD.MB.MMB | Medial Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] |
Reward Emotions Control
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| FAM.FD.MHB | Medial Habenula | nucleus | FAU | Encoding negative feedback, indirect | affects VTA, dorsal raphe but via interpeduncular nucleus |
| FAM.FT.EPF | Endopiriform Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | Putative relay of limbic-associated cortical-like areas subserving affective information |
|
| FAM.HP.NI | Incertus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Behavioural activation and the response to stress | Modulating influences on prefrontal and hippocampal cortical activity, midline behavior control; modulatory nucleus; relay from reticularis pontis oralis nucleus to septo-hippocampal system |
| FAM.HP.PPN.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus | FEU | postural control, voluntary arm and eye movements | Pars compacta, anterior, compact subnucleus, ACh; unpaired |
| FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus | FEU | locomotion - walking, running | Pars dissipata, anterior, dissipated subnucleus, GABA |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
| FAM.FD.MHB | FAM.HP.PPN.IPD | nucleus-nucleus | [Connections (MHb -> IP)] |
| FAM.HP.NI | FAM.FT.EPF | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG | FAM.HP.PPN.IPD | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NSA | FAM.FT.EPF | NSA.NC.PH.PIR | Piriform Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | [sensory system of rat and macaque (PiR -> EnP)] |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FD.MHB | FAM.FT.SEP.BAC | Bed Nucleus of Anterior Commissure | nucleus-nucleus | [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.SEP.SF | Septofimbrial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] | ||
| FAM.FT.SEP.TR | Triangular Septal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [Connections (S -> MHb, abstract)] | ||
| FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG | FAM.FD.LHB.LT | Lateral Habenula Lateral Part | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (LHB -> RMTG, abstract)] | |
| FEC | FAM.HP.PPN.IPD | FEC.FD.STN.ICD | Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FEC.FT.SNR.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG | FEC.FD.STN.LT | Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC | FAM.FD.MHB | LMC.HP.LC | Locus Coeruleus | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.HP.PPN.IPD | LMC.HP.TG.LDT | Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | [Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD)] | |
| LRC | FAM.HP.NI | LRC.HP.PRF.RPO | Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NCP | FAM.FT.EPF | NCP.NC.INS.AIC | Anterior Insular Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | [sensory system of rat and macaque (EnP -> Iav, abstract)] |
| NSA | FAM.HP.PPN.IPD | NSA.FD.LGN | Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | [and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> LGN, abstract)] |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FD.MHB | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.HP.NI | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.SEP.SF | Septofimbrial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.SEP.TR | Triangular Septal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | FAM.HP.PPN.IPD | FEC.FD.STN.LT | Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| FEC.FT.SNC.LT | Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) | ||
| FMM | FAM.HP.NI | FMM.NC.PH.PER | Perirhinal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-gaba | (unknown reference) |
| LMC | FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG | LMC.HP.TG.LDT | Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
| LRC | FAM.HP.PPN.IPD | LRC.MM.SC.INT | Intermediate Superior Colliculus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | [and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)] |
| Target | |||||
| TEA | FAM.FD.MHB | TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE | Endocrine Glands | endocrine-pineal-gland | [Connections (MHb -> PB)] |
Fast Unconditional Sensory Data and Association Memory
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| FAM.FT.AM.CEC | Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision | nucleus | FAU | mediate behavioral responses, link to striatal effect | gustatory, somatosensory, visual, auditory, frontal cortex, perirhinal cortex, ET, SUB -> X -> HT-dl/cl, CeM |
| FAM.FT.AM.CEL | Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision | nucleus | FAU | mediate behavioral responses, link to gustatory and visceral aspects of reinforcement |
contributions of food prediction and food presentation |
| FAM.FT.AM.COP | Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | olfactory processing - unconditional signaling | |
| FAM.FT.AM.LAVL | Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | unconditional stimulus input - visual, auditory and somatic, convergence from thalamus |
LA1; LGN, MGBm, PIL |
| FAM.FT.AM.LAVM | Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus | FAU | conditional and unconditional convergence to affect polymodal memory formation | LA3; projects to ET |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NSA | FAM.FT.AM.CEL | NSA.NC.PO.PCC | Precentral Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.LAVL | NSA.FD.TH.SG | Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)] | |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.CEC | FAM.FT.AM.LADL | Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (LA -> CEA, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.AM.LAVL | FAM.FD.TH.PT | Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)] | |
| LMC | FAM.FT.AM.CEC | LMC.MM.VTA | Ventral Tegmental Area | nucleus-nucleus-DA | [circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)] |
| LPC | FAM.FT.AM.CEL | LPC.HP.PB | Parabrachial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (PB -> AM, abstract)] |
| FAM.FT.AM.COP | LPC.FT.AOB | Accessory Olfactory Bulb | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.CEC | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.CEL | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.COP | FAM.FT.AM.MEA | Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.AM.LAVL | FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)] | |
| FAM.FT.AM.LAVM | FAM.FT.AM.AB | Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [alarm system (LA -> AB, abstract)] | |
| LAC | FAM.FT.AM.COP | LAC.FD.HT.SO | Supraoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)] |
| LPC | FAM.FT.AM.CEL | LPC.HM.SOL | Solitary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.LAVM | LPC.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | [decision-making (AMYG -> Thalamus, abstract)] | |
| LPC.MM.CIC | Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus | nucleus-nucleus | [Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)] |
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- [alarm system] - see [[1]]
- [Connections] - see [[2]]
- [and its network] - see [[3]]
- [dopaminergic and serotonergic systems] - see [[4]]
- [of dorsal diencephalic conduction system] - see [[5]]
- [Direction Cell Circuit] - see [[6]]
- [sensory system of rat and macaque] - see [[7]]
- [prefrontal network] - see [[8]]
- [regulation] - see [[9]]
- [role of habenula in emotional behaviors] - see [[10]]
References
(generated)
- http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_04/i_04_cl/i_04_cl_peu/i_04_cl_peu.html
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula
- http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
- http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/full/nn.3779.html
- http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1519/1005
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215
- http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/fig_tab/npp2009104f10.html
- https://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
- http://dgr.brain.riken.jp/AsymmetryE.html
