BrainAreaNDM
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Decision Making Area
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Contents
Local Circuits
(generated)
| ID | Name | Regions | Quality |
| HLC | High-Level Control | NDM.FD.TH.MDM, NDM.NC.AL.FPC | L0 |
| HLNM | High-Level Novelty Attention | NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL, NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM, NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR, NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS | L0 |
| HWM | Working Memory | NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL, NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR | L0 |
| MAS | Motivatory Associations | NDM.FD.TH.PV, NDM.FD.TH.SM, NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC, NDM.NC.AL.IPG, NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC | L0 |
| MRS | Motivational Responses | NDM.NC.AL.DMCG, NDM.NC.AL.PGCG, NDM.NC.AL.VMCG | L0 |
| UMC | Unimodal Control | NDM.NC.AL.DACG, NDM.NC.AL.VACG | L0 |
High-Level Control
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NDM.FD.TH.MDM | Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus | NPU | relay emotional attention to orbitofrontal cortex | L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | cortex, BA 10 | NPU | Emotion Regulation | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Role | Reference |
| NDM.FD.TH.MDM | NDM.NC.AL.FPC | nucleus-neocortex | uncertain | Amygdala and its network (MD -> MPFC, abstract) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NDM | NDM.FD.TH.MDM | NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR | Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | uncertain | Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (TH -> LPFC, abstract) |
| NDM.NC.AL.FPC | NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR | Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (OPFC -> LPFC, abstract) | |
| NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Role for serotonin in moral behavior (OMPFC -> ACG, abstract) | ||
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | NDM.NC.AL.FPC | FAM.FT.AM.BM | Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (OFC -> AMY, abstract) |
| FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Amygdala and its network (MPFC -> BLN, abstract) | ||
| FAM.FT.SEP.SH | Septohippocampal Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | NDM.NC.AL.FPC | FEC.FT.ACC.CORE | Nucleus Accumbens Core | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Affective basal ganglia circuit (OMPFC -> NACC, abstract) |
| FEC.FT.SNR.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract) | ||
| LAC | NDM.NC.AL.FPC | LAC.FD.HT.RCH | Retrochiasmatic Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (OPFC -> HT, abstract) |
High-Level Novelty Attention
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL | Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex | cortex, BA 12 | NPU | Visual selection of novelty | L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM | Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex | cortex, BA 12 | NPU | Somatosensory selection of novelty | L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR | Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex | cortex, BA 12 | NPU | Integral conscious selection of novelty | L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS | Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex | cortex, BA 12 | NPU | Gustatory and auditory selection of novelty | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Role | Reference |
| NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL | NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Regulation of Social Brain (MPFC -> OFC, abstract) |
| NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM | NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Regulation of Social Brain (MPFC -> OFC, abstract) |
| NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Regulation of Social Brain (MPFC -> OFC, abstract) | |
| NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS | NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Regulation of Social Brain (MPFC -> OFC, abstract) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NDM | NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR | NDM.NC.AL.DACG | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Role for serotonin in moral behavior (OMPFC -> ACG, abstract) |
| NDM.NC.AL.IPG | Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Regulation of Social Brain (OFC -> IFG, abstract) | ||
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FEC | NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR | FEC.FD.STN.DL | Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Serotonin regulation of subthalamic neurons (CTX -> STN, abstract) |
| FEC.FT.CN.TL | Caudate Nucleus Tail | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract) | ||
| FMM | NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR | FMM.FD.TH.RE | Reuniens Nucleus of Thalamus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| FMM.FD.TH.RH | Rhomboidal Nucleus of Thalamus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
Working Memory
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL | Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | cortex, BA 46 | NPU | Cognitive control related to stimulus processing and selection of relevant information for behavior |
L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR | Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | cortex, BA 46 | NPU | Cognitive control and monitoring to resolve conflict in information processing and competing response plans |
L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
Motivatory Associations
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NDM.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus | NPU | Direct behavior toward a particular outcome over a range of outcomes | L0 | |
| NDM.FD.TH.SM | Submedial Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus | NPU | Pain center | L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC | Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex | cortex, BA 09 | NPU | Ongoing Extroverted Attention to Select Appropriate Response | L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.IPG | Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus | cortex, BA 47 | NPU | Processing of syntax in oral and sign languages | L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC | Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex | cortex, BA 11 | NPU | Ongoing Introverted Attention with Regard to Emotions and Feelings, Reward or Punishment |
L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Role | Reference |
| NDM.FD.TH.PV | NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC | nucleus-neocortex | uncertain | Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract) |
| NDM.FD.TH.SM | NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC | nucleus-neocortex | uncertain | Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract) |
| NDM.NC.AL.IPG | NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NCP | NDM.NC.AL.IPG | NCP.NC.INS.AIC | Anterior Insular Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Directed Effort Network (Insula -> fPole, abstract) |
| NCP.NC.TPC | Temporopolar Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Language-Related Regions (TC -> vIFC) | ||
| NDM | NDM.NC.AL.IPG | NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR | Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Regulation of Social Brain (OFC -> IFG, abstract) |
| NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC | NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR | Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Fear regulation (dlPFC -> vmPFC, abstract) | |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | NDM.FD.TH.PV | FAM.FT.AM.LAVM | Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Oculomotor decision-making (AMYG -> Thalamus, abstract) |
| FAM.FT.SEP.LT | Lateral Septal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC | FAM.FT.SEP.DBB | Diagonal Band of Broca | nucleus-neocortex-gaba | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| FMM | NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC | FMM.FT.HC.CA1P | Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus | allocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Gating of medial prefrontal activity by the entorhinal cortex (HC -> MPFC, abstract) |
| NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC | FMM.FT.HC.CA1D | Distal CA1 of Hippocampus | allocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Gating of medial prefrontal activity by the entorhinal cortex (HC -> MPFC, abstract) | |
| LMC | NDM.FD.TH.PV | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | Dorsal Raphe Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LPC | NDM.FD.TH.SM | LPC.SC.PH.LMG | Lower Marginal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Afferent pain pathways (SC -> Thalamus, abstract) |
| LPC.SC.PH.UMG | Upper Marginal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Afferent pain pathways (SC -> Thalamus, abstract) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NCP | NDM.NC.AL.IPG | NCP.NC.AL.SGCG | Subgenual Cingulate Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Regulation of Social Brain (IFG -> SGC) |
| NDM | NDM.FD.TH.PV | NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS | Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | uncertain | Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract) |
| NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC | NDM.NC.AL.DACG | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| NDM.NC.AL.IPG | NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL | Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Directed Effort Network (fPole -> DLPFC, abstract) | |
| NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Directed Effort Network (fPole -> vACC) | ||
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | NDM.FD.TH.PV | FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC | FAM.FT.AM.ITC | Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC | FAM.FT.AM.ITC | Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| FAM.FT.AM.LADL | Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | NDM.FD.TH.PV | FEC.FT.ACC.CORE | Nucleus Accumbens Core | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| FMM | NDM.FD.TH.PV | FMM.NC.PH.LEC | Lateral Entorhinal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | uncertain | Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> EC, abstract) |
| FMM.NC.PH.PER | Perirhinal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | uncertain | Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> Perirhinal, abstract) | ||
| LAC | NDM.FD.TH.PV | LAC.FD.HT.MPO | Median Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.SCN | Suprachiasmatic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
Motivational Responses
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NDM.NC.AL.DMCG | Dorsal Medial Cingulate Area | cortex, BA 32 | NPU | Rational Thought Processes | L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.PGCG | Pregenual Cingulate Cortex | cortex, BA 33 | NPU | Sensation of Emotion | L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.VMCG | Ventral Medial Cingulate Area | cortex, BA 24 | NPU | Response Selection | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
- no connections
External Outbound Region Connections:
- no connections
Unimodal Control
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NDM.NC.AL.DACG | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area | cortex, BA 32 | NPU | Rational Thought Processes | L0 | |
| NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | cortex, BA 24 | NPU | Seat of Free Will | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Role | Reference |
| NDM.NC.AL.DACG | NDM.NC.AL.VACG | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Principal Connections of Hippocampus (DorsalCingulate -> VentralCingulate) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- Regulation of Social Brain - see Reference (CT.SOCIAL-BRAIN)
AMG=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM Caud=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia) DACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) Hipp=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) IFG=Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG LSN=Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PhippG=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) Put=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia) SGC=Subgenual Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.AL.SGCG SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see Basal Ganglia) VACC=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA VentPal=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
- Directed Effort Network - see Reference (CT.DIRECTED-EFFORT-NETWORK)
AC22=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4 ACA=Auditory Association Area,NSA.NC.TTG.A2 AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) Insula=Insular Cortex,NC.INS OPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PPC=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL dACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG fPole=Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG tPole=Temporopolar Cortex,NCP.NC.TPC vACC=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG
- Principal Connections of Hippocampus - see Reference (CT.CINGULUM-CONNECTIONS)
AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus) DG=Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG DorsalCingulate=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) HC=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) MB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB PosteriorCingulate=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG SEP=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) VentralCingulate=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG
- Fear regulation - see Reference (CF.FEAR-REG)
B=Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.B (see Amygdala) CE=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see Amygdala) Hippocampus=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) Hypothalamus=Hypothalamus,FD.HT ITC=Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei,FAM.FT.AM.ITC LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see Amygdala) Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia) dlPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) vmPFC=Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC
- Vocal Control - see Reference (CM.VOCAL-CONTROL)
A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1 Broca=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) M2=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC MotorV=Trigeminal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.TRM MotorVII=Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM NucleusAmbiguus=Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB NucleusXII=Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HL.HYG Premotor24=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF Wernike=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4
- Language-Related Regions - see Reference (CM.LANGUAGE-RELATED-REGIONS)
BA44=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) BA45=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) IFG=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) MTG21=Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO PMC=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC STG22a=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3 STG22b=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4 TC=Temporopolar Cortex,NCP.NC.TPC pSTC=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4 vIFC=Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG
- Pathways of Reward Circuit - see Reference (CF.GENERIC-REWARD)
Amy=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM dACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG
- Depression - see Reference (CF.DEPRESSION)
dACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG
- Dorsal midline thalamus - see Reference (CT.TH-PTPV)
PT=Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus,FAM.FD.TH.PT PVT=Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus,NDM.FD.TH.PV
- Medial prefrontal network - see Reference (CF.DEFAULT-SYSTEM)
BNST=Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis,FAM.FT.BNST MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) PCG=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG PH=Parahippocampal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PH RSP=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC RostralCtx=Temporopolar Cortex,NCP.NC.TPC TH.MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus) TH.PV=Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus,NDM.FD.TH.PV VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
References
(generated)
- http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
- http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full
- http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html
- https://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
- http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661312002823
- http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/fig_tab/npp2009129f1.html
- http://contemplativemind.wordpress.com/category/peer-reviewed-journal-articles/
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763415002055
- http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/fig_tab/npp2009104f10.html
