BrainAreaLMC

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Modulatory Contol Area

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLMC

Local Circuits

(generated)

ID Name Regions
5HT Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness LMC.HM.RP.MG, LMC.HM.RP.OB, LMC.HM.RP.PL, LMC.HP.RP.PRN, LMC.MM.RF.SUC, LMC.MM.RP.DRN
ACH Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward LMC.FT.NBM, LMC.HP.TG.DTG, LMC.HP.TG.LDT, LMC.HP.TG.VTG
DA Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness LMC.MM.VTA
ENK Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body LMC.MM.PAG
NE Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response LMC.HP.LC

Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments
LMC.HM.RP.MG Raphe Magnus Nucleus nucleus LUS Inhubit head and spinal pain B3, contacts with enkephalenic neurons in
substantia gelatinosa
LMC.HM.RP.OB Raphe Obscurus Nucleus nucleus LUS Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column B2
LMC.HM.RP.PL Raphe Pallidus Nucleus nucleus LUS Spinal pain control B1
LMC.HP.RP.PRN Pontine Raphe Nucleus nucleus LUS Regulation of sleep cycle Projects to CR, forebrain; inhibitory nucleus
LMC.MM.RF.SUC Superior Central Raphe Nucleus nucleus LUS Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus;
Hallucinations 		Directs HC to disregard insignificant events;
inhibitory nucleus; B6,B8; Insomnia; inhibitory
nucleus
LMC.MM.RP.DRN Dorsal Raphe Nucleus nucleus LUS Regulation of sleep and mood Major source of 5HT; inhibitory nucleus

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Reference
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.RF.SUC FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)
LMC.MM.RP.DRN FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus Habenula Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract)
LAC LMC.HM.RP.MG LAC.FD.HT.LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LAC.FD.HT.PV Paraventricular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LMC.HM.RP.OB LAC.FD.HT.PO Preoptic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LLC LMC.HM.RP.MG LLC.MM.SCNF Subcuneiform Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.RP.PRN LLC.MM.SCNF Subcuneiform Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LMC.MM.RP.DRN LLC.FD.TH.SF Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-gaba (unknown reference)
LMC LMC.HM.RP.MG LMC.MM.PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
LMC.HM.RP.PL LMC.MM.PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Reference
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.RF.SUC FAM.FD.LHB.LT Lateral Habenula Lateral Part nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.SEP.LT Lateral Septal Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.MM.RF.SUC FEC.FD.STN.ICD Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
FMM LMC.MM.RF.SUC FMM.FD.MB.MMB Medial Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LAC LMC.MM.RF.SUC LAC.FD.HT.PN Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LAC.FD.HT.SUM Supramammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LLC LMC.HM.RP.OB LLC.HP.CR.SC Spinocerebellum nucleus-allocortex-5HT (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.RP.PRN LLC.HP.CR.SC Spinocerebellum nucleus-allocortex-5HT (unknown reference)
LPC LMC.HM.RP.MG LPC.SC.PH.LSG Lower Substantia Gelatinosa nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LPC.SC.PH.USG Upper Substantia Gelatinosa nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LMC.HM.RP.OB LPC.SC.IZ.IMM Intermediomedial Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LMC.HM.RP.PL LPC.SC.PH.LMG Lower Marginal Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LPC.SC.PH.UMG Upper Marginal Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LMC.MM.RP.DRN LPC.FD.TH.PV Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)

Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments
LMC.FT.NBM Basal Nucleus of Meynert nucleus FAU Control imagination vs perception ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus
LMC.HP.TG.DTG Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus nucleus LUS accurate landmark navigation vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies
for orientation
LMC.HP.TG.LDT Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus nucleus LUS Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward
LMC.HP.TG.VTG Ventral Tegmental Nucleus nucleus LUS moderates hippocampal-driven rhythmic firing frequency in medial mammillary contribute to episodic memory and new learning in
humans as well as spatial memory

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Reference
Cortical
NSA LMC.HP.TG.LDT NSA.FD.TH.SG Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus Head Direction Cell Circuit (SUPGEN -> DTN)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.FT.NBM FAM.FT.AM.AB Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.AM.BP Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.AM.CEM Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.BNST Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.TG.DTG FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.TG.LDT FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-gaba (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.TG.VTG FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.FT.NBM FEC.FD.STN.CD Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FEC.FT.ACC.SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell nucleus-nucleus-gaba Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)
FMM LMC.HP.TG.LDT FMM.FD.MB.LMB Lateral Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)
LRC LMC.HP.TG.DTG LRC.HM.NPH Prepositus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.FT.NBM NDM.NC.AL.FPC Lateral Frontopolar Cortex nucleus-neocortex-ACh Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)
NSA LMC.FT.NBM NSA.NC.OCC.V1 Primary Visual Cortex nucleus-neocortex-ACh (unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.FT.NBM FAM.FT.AM.BM Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.TG.LDT FAM.HP.PPN.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD)
FMM LMC.HP.TG.DTG FMM.FD.MB.LMB Lateral Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.TG.VTG FMM.FD.MB.MMB Medial Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LAC LMC.HP.TG.LDT LAC.HM.SAL.ISL Inferior Salivatory Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh (unknown reference)
LAC.HM.SAL.SSL Superior Salivatory Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh (unknown reference)
LMC LMC.HP.TG.VTG LMC.MM.VTA Ventral Tegmental Area nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LRC LMC.HP.TG.LDT LRC.HM.NPH Prepositus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)

Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments
LMC.MM.VTA Ventral Tegmental Area nucleus LUS Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Reference
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.VTA FAM.FT.BNST Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-gaba Amygdala and its network (RMTG -> VTA)
FEC LMC.MM.VTA FEC.FT.ACC.CORE Nucleus Accumbens Core nucleus-nucleus-gaba Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)
LMC LMC.MM.VTA LMC.HP.TG.VTG Ventral Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.MM.VTA NDM.NC.AL.DACG Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area nucleus-neocortex-DA (unknown reference)
NDM.NC.AL.FPC Lateral Frontopolar Cortex nucleus-neocortex-DA Amygdala and its network (VTA -> MPFC, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.VTA FAM.FT.AM.CEC Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision nucleus-nucleus-DA Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)
FEC LMC.MM.VTA FEC.FT.ACC.SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell nucleus-nucleus-DA Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)
FMM LMC.MM.VTA FMM.FD.MB.MMB Medial Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-DA Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)
FMM.FT.HC.CA1D Distal CA1 of Hippocampus nucleus-allocortex-DA Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)
FMM.NC.PH.LEC Lateral Entorhinal Cortex nucleus-neocortex-DA Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)
LAC LMC.MM.VTA LAC.FD.HT.PO Preoptic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-DA Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> MPOA)
LAC.FD.HT.PRM Premammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-DA (unknown reference)
LAC.FD.HT.PV Paraventricular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-DA Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)

Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments
LMC.MM.PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter nucleus LUS Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness
is lost; electrical stimulation of the PAG results
in immediate and profound analgesia; modulatory
nucleus

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Reference
Cortical
NCP LMC.MM.PAG NCP.NC.AL.SGCG Subgenual Cingulate Cortex neocortex-nucleus (unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.PAG FAM.FT.AM.CEM Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)
LAC LMC.MM.PAG LAC.FD.HT.VM Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Reference
Subcortical
LAC LMC.MM.PAG LAC.HP.BR Barrington's Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)
LLC LMC.MM.PAG LLC.FD.TH.SF Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
LMC LMC.MM.PAG LMC.HM.RP.MG Raphe Magnus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
LMC.HM.RP.PL Raphe Pallidus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
LPC LMC.MM.PAG LPC.FD.TH.PV Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
LPC.HM.AMB Ambiguus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
LRC LMC.MM.PAG LRC.HM.RA Retroambigualis Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
LRC.HP.PN.SC Nucleus Subceruleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)

Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments
LMC.HP.LC Locus Coeruleus nucleus LUS Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio,
suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral
inhibition); inhibitory nucleus

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.HP.LC NDM.NC.AL.VACG Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area neocortex-nucleus Vocal Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.HP.LC FAM.FT.AM.CEM Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract)
FAM.FT.BNST Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LAC LMC.HP.LC LAC.FD.HT.DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LAC.FD.HT.TBM Tuberomammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LRC LMC.HP.LC LRC.HM.RF.MED Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Reference
Subcortical
FAM LMC.HP.LC FAM.FD.MHB Medial Habenula nucleus-nucleus-NE (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.SEP.DBB Diagonal Band of Broca nucleus-nucleus-NE (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.HP.LC FEC.FT.SNC.MED Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial nucleus-nucleus-NE (unknown reference)
LAC LMC.HP.LC LAC.SC.IZ.IML Intermediolateral Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-NE Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)

Thirdparty Circuits

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References

(generated)

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