Difference between revisions of "BrainAreaLMC"
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<img src="http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | <img src="http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://ahuman. | + | * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg Hippocampal Formation] - see [[article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf|Reference]] |
| − | <img src="http://ahuman. | + | <img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> |
* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png Head Direction Cell Circuit] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference] | * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png Head Direction Cell Circuit] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference] | ||
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<img src="http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | <img src="http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://ahuman. | + | * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/human/22-reticular-formation-and-limbic-system/F22-2.png Basal Nucleus of Meynert] - see [[article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf|Reference]] |
| − | <img src="http://ahuman. | + | <img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/human/22-reticular-formation-and-limbic-system/F22-2.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> |
* [http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png Affective basal ganglia circuit] - see [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Reference] | * [http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png Affective basal ganglia circuit] - see [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Reference] | ||
Revision as of 10:06, 2 July 2015
Modulatory Contol Area
Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLMC
Contents
- 1 Local Circuits
- 1.1 Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness
- 1.2 Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward
- 1.3 Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness
- 1.4 Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body
- 1.5 Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response
- 2 Thirdparty Circuits
- 3 References
Local Circuits
(generated)
| ID | Name | Regions |
| 5HT | Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness | LMC.HM.RP.MG, LMC.HM.RP.OB, LMC.HM.RP.PL, LMC.HP.RP.PRN, LMC.MM.RF.SUC, LMC.MM.RP.DRN |
| ACH | Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward | LMC.FT.NBM, LMC.HP.TG.DTG, LMC.HP.TG.LDT, LMC.HP.TG.VTG |
| DA | Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness | LMC.MM.VTA |
| ENK | Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body | LMC.MM.PAG |
| NE | Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response | LMC.HP.LC |
Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.HM.RP.MG | Raphe Magnus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Inhubit head and spinal pain | B3, contacts with enkephalenic neurons in substantia gelatinosa |
| LMC.HM.RP.OB | Raphe Obscurus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column | B2 |
| LMC.HM.RP.PL | Raphe Pallidus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Spinal pain control | B1 |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | Pontine Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulation of sleep cycle | Projects to CR, forebrain; inhibitory nucleus |
| LMC.MM.RF.SUC | Superior Central Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus; Hallucinations |
Directs HC to disregard insignificant events; inhibitory nucleus; B6,B8; Insomnia; inhibitory nucleus |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | Dorsal Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulation of sleep and mood | Major source of 5HT; inhibitory nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract) |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | Habenula Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract) | |
| LAC | LMC.HM.RP.MG | LAC.FD.HT.LTN | Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HM.RP.OB | LAC.FD.HT.PO | Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC | LMC.HM.RP.MG | LLC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | LLC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | LLC.FD.TH.SF | Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC | LMC.HM.RP.MG | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HM.RP.PL | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FAM.FD.LHB.LT | Lateral Habenula Lateral Part | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.SEP.LT | Lateral Septal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FEC.FD.STN.ICD | Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| FMM | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FMM.FD.MB.MMB | Medial Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | LAC.FD.HT.PN | Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.SUM | Supramammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC | LMC.HM.RP.OB | LLC.HP.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | LLC.HP.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex-5HT | (unknown reference) | |
| LPC | LMC.HM.RP.MG | LPC.SC.PH.LSG | Lower Substantia Gelatinosa | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LPC.SC.PH.USG | Upper Substantia Gelatinosa | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HM.RP.OB | LPC.SC.IZ.IMM | Intermediomedial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.HM.RP.PL | LPC.SC.PH.LMG | Lower Marginal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | |
| LPC.SC.PH.UMG | Upper Marginal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | LPC.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.FT.NBM | Basal Nucleus of Meynert | nucleus | FAU | Control imagination vs perception | ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus |
| LMC.HP.TG.DTG | Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | accurate landmark navigation | vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies for orientation |
| LMC.HP.TG.LDT | Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses | sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward |
| LMC.HP.TG.VTG | Ventral Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | moderates hippocampal-driven rhythmic firing frequency in medial mammillary | contribute to episodic memory and new learning in humans as well as spatial memory |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NSA | LMC.HP.TG.LDT | NSA.FD.TH.SG | Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | Head Direction Cell Circuit (SUPGEN -> DTN) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.FT.NBM | FAM.FT.AM.AB | Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HP.TG.DTG | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.HP.TG.LDT | FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.HP.TG.VTG | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FEC | LMC.FT.NBM | FEC.FD.STN.CD | Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FEC.FT.ACC.SH | Nucleus Accumbens Shell | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract) | ||
| FMM | LMC.HP.TG.LDT | FMM.FD.MB.LMB | Lateral Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN) |
| LRC | LMC.HP.TG.DTG | LRC.HM.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | LMC.FT.NBM | NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-ACh | Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract) |
| NSA | LMC.FT.NBM | NSA.NC.OCC.V1 | Primary Visual Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.FT.NBM | FAM.FT.AM.BM | Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.TG.LDT | FAM.HP.PPN.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD) | |
| FMM | LMC.HP.TG.DTG | FMM.FD.MB.LMB | Lateral Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.TG.VTG | FMM.FD.MB.MMB | Medial Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LAC | LMC.HP.TG.LDT | LAC.HM.SAL.ISL | Inferior Salivatory Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.HM.SAL.SSL | Superior Salivatory Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC | LMC.HP.TG.VTG | LMC.MM.VTA | Ventral Tegmental Area | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LRC | LMC.HP.TG.LDT | LRC.HM.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP) |
Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.MM.VTA | Ventral Tegmental Area | nucleus | LUS | Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.VTA | FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FEC | LMC.MM.VTA | FEC.FT.ACC.CORE | Nucleus Accumbens Core | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract) |
| LMC | LMC.MM.VTA | LMC.HP.TG.VTG | Ventral Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus | LUS | Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour | if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness is lost; electrical stimulation of the PAG results in immediate and profound analgesia; modulatory nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NCP | LMC.MM.PAG | NCP.NC.AL.SGCG | Subgenual Cingulate Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.PAG | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract) |
| LAC | LMC.MM.PAG | LAC.FD.HT.VM | Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| LAC | LMC.MM.PAG | LAC.HP.BR | Barrington's Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR) |
| LLC | LMC.MM.PAG | LLC.FD.TH.SF | Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LMC | LMC.MM.PAG | LMC.HM.RP.MG | Raphe Magnus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HM.RP.PL | Raphe Pallidus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) | ||
| LPC | LMC.MM.PAG | LPC.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LPC.HM.AMB | Ambiguus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LMC.MM.PAG | LRC.HM.RA | Retroambigualis Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LRC.HP.PN.SC | Nucleus Subceruleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.HP.LC | Locus Coeruleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli | NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio, suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral inhibition); inhibitory nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | LMC.HP.LC | NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-nucleus | Vocal Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.HP.LC | FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | LMC.HP.LC | LAC.FD.HT.DM | Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.TBM | Tuberomammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LMC.HP.LC | LRC.HM.RF.MED | Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.HP.LC | FAM.FD.MHB | Medial Habenula | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.SEP.DBB | Diagonal Band of Broca | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | LMC.HP.LC | FEC.FT.SNC.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | LMC.HP.LC | LAC.SC.IZ.IML | Intermediolateral Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-NE | Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML) |
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning - see Reference
- Pain matrix - see Reference
References
(generated)
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula
- http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders
- http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html
- http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
- http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html
- http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
- http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
- http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity
- http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html
- http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0
- article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
- article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf
- http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx
