BrainAreaLRC
Motor Reflex Area
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Contents
Local Circuits
(generated)
ID | Name | Regions |
LGP | Gait and Posture Control | LRC.MM.CNF, LRC.MM.SCNF |
LLP | Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion | LRC.HL.RF.SLRN, LRC.HT.CR.FG, LRC.HT.CR.FN, LRC.HT.CR.VM |
LRB | Breathing and Swallowing Reflexes | LRC.HL.RA, LRC.HL.TGS.PA5, LRC.HT.KFN, LRC.HT.NSC, LRC.HT.PRF.CRF, LRC.HT.PRF.PVR |
LRF | Frontal Visual Reflexes | LRC.MM.CJ, LRC.MM.DSCH, LRC.MM.RIMLF, LRC.MM.RP.RIP |
LRM | Multisensory Orienting Reflexes | LRC.MM.EIC, LRC.MM.SC.DEEP, LRC.MM.SC.INT |
LRP | Postural Control Reflexes | LRC.HL.INM, LRC.HL.NPH, LRC.HL.PRF.GCR, LRC.HL.RF.MED, LRC.HT.PRF.RPO, LRC.MM.PT.PR |
LRV | Direct Visual Reflexes | LRC.MM.PT.NOT, LRC.MM.PT.PON, LRC.MM.PT.PTA, LRC.MM.PT.SL, LRC.MM.SC.SUP |
Gait and Posture Control
Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
LRC.MM.CNF | Cuneiform Nucleus | nucleus | LLE | Passive coping strategy to novel, painful or threatening stimuli | modulatory nucleus; medial part of midbrain RF |
LRC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus | LLE | Initiation of gait, feedback control of saccade accuracy | contributes to generation of estimate of target or eye position coded in craniotopic coordinates |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
Subcortical | |||||
LPC | LRC.MM.CNF | LPC.SC.PH.CL | Clarke Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC | LRC.MM.SCNF | LRC.HL.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.HL.PRF.GCR | Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LRC.MM.RP.RIP | Raphe Interpositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
Subcortical | |||||
LAC | LRC.MM.CNF | LAC.HL.VGN | Vagus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LMC | LRC.MM.SCNF | LMC.HL.RP.MG | Raphe Magnus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LMC.HP.RP.PRN | Pontine Raphe Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LRC | LRC.MM.CNF | LRC.HL.PRF.GCR | Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.HT.KFN | Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion
Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
LRC.HL.RF.SLRN | Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Subtrigeminal | nucleus | LLI | vestibular input | from lateral vestibular nucleus to vestibulocerebellum |
LRC.HT.CR.FG | Fastigual Nucleus | nucleus | LLC | rostral - interprets body motion and places it on spatial planes to estimate movement of body through space; caudal - saccadic eye movements |
|
LRC.HT.CR.FN | Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe | nucleus | LLC | regulates balance | projects to VBM, VBS; equilibrium; tunes balance (stance and gait), from VBM,VBS via MVST to trunk extensors |
LRC.HT.CR.VM | Cerebellar Vermis | cortex | LLC | balance and spatial orientation, gait | projects to VBL; equilibrium; tunes balance (stance and gait) and VOR, from VBL to pRF and mRF via LVST to limb extensors |
Internal Region Connections:
Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
LRC.HL.RF.SLRN | LRC.HT.CR.FN | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.HT.CR.VM | LRC.HT.CR.FG | allocortex-nucleus-gaba | Cerebellum functional divisions (CRV -> FG) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
Subcortical | |||||
LLC | LRC.HT.CR.FG | LLC.HT.CR.PV | Cerebellar Paravermis | allocortex-nucleus | Cerebellum functional divisions (CRS -> FG) |
LRC.HT.CR.FN | LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG | Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
LRC.HT.CR.VM | LLC.HL.IO | Inferior Olivary Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex | Cerebellum functional divisions (IO -> CRV) | |
LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG | Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex-gaba | (unknown reference) | ||
LPC | LRC.HL.RF.SLRN | LPC.HT.LVBN | Lateral Vestibular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.HT.CR.FN | LPC.HT.IVBN | Inferior Vestibular Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
LPC.PN.SG.SVB | Vestibular Ganglion - Saccule Neurons | ganglion-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LRC.HT.CR.VM | LPC.HT.MVBN | Medial Vestibular Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex | Cerebellum functional divisions (VB -> CRV, abstract) | |
LPC.SC.IZ.CCV | Central Cervical Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
Subcortical | |||||
LPC | LRC.HT.CR.FG | LPC.HT.LVBN | Lateral Vestibular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Cerebellum functional divisions (FG -> VB, abstract) |
LRC.HT.CR.FN | LPC.HT.MVBN | Medial Vestibular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
LPC.HT.SVBN | Superior Vestibular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | ||
LRC | LRC.HT.CR.FG | LRC.HT.PRF.CRF | Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Cerebellum functional divisions (FG -> RF, abstract) |
LRC.MM.PT.PR | Principal Pretectal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Breathing and Swallowing Reflexes
Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
LRC.HL.RA | Retroambigualis Nucleus | nucleus | LRM | Groups of premotor interneurons producing detailed motor actions | Different combination of activation of these premotor neurons determines vocalization, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, mating posture, or child delivery; ventral respiratory group |
LRC.HL.TGS.PA5 | Paratrigeminal Nucleus | nucleus | LRS | Orofacial nociceptive sensory processing | Somatosensory reflex, site for nociceptive inputs from sciatic innervation field |
LRC.HT.KFN | Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus | nucleus | LRM | Control of protruder tongue muscles contraction to maintain respiration | To hypoglossal nucleus and phrenic nucleus; pontine respiratory group = KFN + Medial PBN |
LRC.HT.NSC | Nucleus Subceruleus | nucleus | LRM | Tongue control | To hypoglossal nucleus; A7 group |
LRC.HT.PRF.CRF | Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus | nucleus | LRM | Mediate head movements | Grinding of the teeth in sleep, projections from superior colliculus, to spinal cord, extends to facial |
LRC.HT.PRF.PVR | Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus | nucleus | LRM | Flow of respiratory current out of organism | Projects to facial nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus and parabrachial nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
LRC.HT.KFN | LRC.HL.RA | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
Cortical | |||||
NCP | LRC.HL.TGS.PA5 | NCP.NC.PG.S1 | Primary Somatosensory Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
NMA | LRC.HT.PRF.CRF | NMA.NC.MC | Motor Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract) |
NMA.NC.SMC.F3 | Supplementary Motor Area | neocortex-nucleus | Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract) | ||
Subcortical | |||||
FEC | LRC.HT.PRF.PVR | FEC.FT.SNC.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial | nucleus-nucleus-DA | (unknown reference) |
LMC | LRC.HL.RA | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
LRC.HT.NSC | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) | |
LPC | LRC.HL.RA | LPC.HL.SOL | Solitary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.HT.KFN | LPC.HL.SOL | Solitary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
LRC.HT.PRF.CRF | LPC.HT.IVBN | Inferior Vestibular Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus | Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) (VestibularNuclei -> PPRF, abstract) | |
LRC | LRC.HT.KFN | LRC.MM.CNF | Cuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.HT.PRF.CRF | LRC.HT.CR.FG | Fastigual Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Cerebellum functional divisions (FG -> RF, abstract) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
Subcortical | |||||
FMM | LRC.HT.NSC | FMM.FT.HC.DG | Dentate Gyrus | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) |
LPC | LRC.HL.RA | LPC.HL.AMB | Ambiguus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LPC.SC.VH.ONF | Onuf's Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LPC.SC.VH.PHR | Phrenic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LRC.HL.TGS.PA5 | LPC.HT.FCM | Facial Motor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
LRC.HT.KFN | LPC.HL.HYG | Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
LRC.HT.NSC | LPC.HL.HYG | Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
LRC.HT.PRF.CRF | LPC.HL.AMB | Ambiguus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Vocal Control (RF -> NucleusAmbiguus, abstract) | |
LPC.HL.HYG | Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Vocal Control (RF -> NucleusXII, abstract) | ||
LPC.HT.FCM | Facial Motor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Vocal Control (RF -> MotorVII, abstract) | ||
LPC.HT.TRM | Trigeminal Motor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Vocal Control (RF -> MotorV, abstract) | ||
LRC.HT.PRF.PVR | LPC.HT.FCM | Facial Motor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Vocal Control (RF -> MotorVII, abstract) | |
LPC.HT.TRM | Trigeminal Motor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Vocal Control (RF -> MotorV, abstract) |
Frontal Visual Reflexes
Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
LRC.MM.CJ | Cajal Nucleus | nucleus | LRM | Integration of head and eye movements, controls downward vertical gaze | Projects to CN3, CN4 nuclei, rotation of body about its long axis, Project to vestibular nuclei |
LRC.MM.DSCH | Darkschewitsch Nucleus | nucleus | LRM | Mediate the consensual pupillary light reflex | Light in one eye results in pupil changes in another eye |
LRC.MM.RIMLF | Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF | nucleus | LRM | Integration of head and eye movements, controls upward vertical gaze | |
LRC.MM.RP.RIP | Raphe Interpositus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Premotor network for saccades | Gate activity of burst neurons for vertical and horizontal saccades; omnipause neurons, part of PPRF |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
Subcortical | |||||
LAC | LRC.MM.DSCH | LAC.MM.EWN | Edinger-Westphal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> EWN, abstract) |
LLC | LRC.MM.DSCH | LLC.HL.IO | Inferior Olivary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LPC | LRC.MM.CJ | LPC.MM.OCN | Oculomotor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> Oculomotor, abstract) |
LPC.MM.TRH | Trochlear Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LRC.MM.RIMLF | LPC.MM.OCN | Oculomotor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> Oculomotor, abstract) | |
LRC | LRC.MM.RP.RIP | LRC.HT.PRF.RPO | Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (RIP -> PPRF, abstract) |
LRC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Multisensory Orienting Reflexes
Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
LRC.MM.EIC | External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus | nucleus | LSC | Middle ear reflex | |
LRC.MM.SC.DEEP | Deep Superior Colliculus | nucleus | LRC | Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli | Receive many types of input and project to numerous motor-related brain areas |
LRC.MM.SC.INT | Intermediate Superior Colliculus | nucleus | LRC | Sensimotor integration for orienting | Receive GABA from SNpr to gate integration |
Internal Region Connections:
Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
LRC.MM.EIC | LRC.MM.SC.INT | nucleus-nucleus | Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICx -> SC, abstract) |
LRC.MM.SC.INT | LRC.MM.SC.DEEP | nucleus-nucleus | Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
Cortical | |||||
NPE | LRC.MM.SC.INT | NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF | Anterior Frontal Eye Field | neocortex-nucleus | Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> SC, abstract) |
Subcortical | |||||
FEC | LRC.MM.SC.INT | FEC.FT.SNR.DL | Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Global visual system (SNr -> SCi, abstract) |
FEC.FT.SNR.VL | Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Saccadic Vision (BG -> SCi, abstract) | ||
FEC.HT.TG.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) | ||
LLC | LRC.MM.SC.DEEP | LLC.HT.CR.GN | Globose Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.MM.SC.INT | LLC.HT.BPN | Basilar Pontine Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
LLC.HT.CR.EN | Emboliform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LMC | LRC.MM.SC.INT | LMC.HT.TG.PPN | Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus | Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract) |
LPC | LRC.MM.EIC | LPC.MM.CIC | Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus | nucleus-nucleus | Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICC -> ICx, abstract) |
LRC.MM.SC.INT | LPC.HL.CU | Cuneate Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
LPC.HL.GR | Gracile Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LPC.HL.TGS.STR | Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LRC | LRC.MM.SC.INT | LRC.MM.SC.SUP | Superficial Superior Colliculus | nucleus-nucleus | Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
Postural Control Reflexes
Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
LRC.HL.INM | Intercalated Nucleus of Medulla | nucleus | LRC | Coordinate tongue movements, vestibuloocular reflex | Receives sensory inputs from neck region |
LRC.HL.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus | LLE | Integrate PPRF phasic signal to provide tonic signal of abducens | Part of horizontal gaze holding system |
LRC.HL.PRF.GCR | Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus | nucleus | LRM | Vasodepressor center | Projects to hypoglossal nucleus, abducens; medullary (lateral) reticulospinal tract; excite trunk flexors, inhibit extensors; stimulation induces inspiration |
LRC.HL.RF.MED | Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus | nucleus | LLE | Somatic motor control, cardiovascular control, pain modulation, sleep and consciousness, habituation |
|
LRC.HT.PRF.RPO | Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus | nucleus | LRM | Mediation of changing to and from REM sleep | Part of horizontal gaze center, projects to spinal cord and abducens; excites spinal extensors, inhibit flexors |
LRC.MM.PT.PR | Principal Pretectal Nucleus | nucleus | LRM | Pupillary light reflex | Affected by visual cortex and projects to EWN |
Internal Region Connections:
Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
LRC.HL.NPH | LRC.HL.INM | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.HL.PRF.GCR | LRC.HL.RF.MED | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
Cortical | |||||
NSA | LRC.HL.NPH | NSA.FD.TH.SG | Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | Head Direction Cell Circuit (NPRP -> SUPGEN) |
Subcortical | |||||
FAM | LRC.HT.PRF.RPO | FAM.HT.TG.NI | Incertus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LAC | LRC.HL.INM | LAC.FD.HT.PN | Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.MM.PT.PR | LAC.MM.EWN | Edinger-Westphal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (Pretectum -> EWN, abstract) | |
LLC | LRC.HT.PRF.RPO | LLC.HT.CR.CC | Cerebellar Lateral Lobe | nucleus-allocortex | Saccades and smooth movements (DLPN -> CR, abstract) |
LMC | LRC.HL.NPH | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.HL.RF.MED | LMC.HT.LC | Locus Coeruleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
LPC | LRC.HL.PRF.GCR | LPC.SC.VH.PL | Posterolateral Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Motor neurons control (MRF -> EGMN, abstract) |
LPC.SC.VH.PM | Posteromedial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Motor neurons control (MRF -> EGMN, abstract) | ||
LRC.HL.RF.MED | LPC.SC.VH.VM | Ventromedial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Motor neurons control (MRF -> EGMN, abstract) | |
LRC.HT.PRF.RPO | LPC.HT.ABD | Abducens Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) (PPRF -> Abducens, abstract) | |
LPC.HT.IVBN | Inferior Vestibular Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LPC.MM.OCN | Oculomotor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Global visual system (RF -> OPN, abstract) | ||
LPC.SC.VH.SAN | Spinal Accessory Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Cerebellum functional divisions (RF -> SCM, abstract) | ||
LPC.SC.VH.VL | Ventrolateral Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Cerebellum functional divisions (RF -> SCM, abstract) | ||
LPC.SC.VH.VM | Ventromedial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Cerebellum functional divisions (RF -> SCM, abstract) | ||
LRC | LRC.HL.NPH | LRC.MM.PT.NOT | Nucleus of Optic Tract | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LRC.HL.PRF.GCR | LRC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Direct Visual Reflexes
Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
LRC.MM.PT.NOT | Nucleus of Optic Tract | nucleus | LRS | Encode retinal error information during smooth pursuit eye movements | Guide motor learning during horizontal SP; ipsilateral horizontal ocular pursuit |
LRC.MM.PT.PON | Pretectal Olivary Nucleus | nucleus | LRS | Pupillary light reflex and modulating subcortical nuclei involved in circadian rhythms |
Primary visual centre, involved in the pupillary light reflex, receives retinal input |
LRC.MM.PT.PTA | Anterior Pretectum Nucleus | nucleus | LLI | Mediate somatosensory and nociceptive information | 3 parallel flows from MC, anterior interpositus nucleus of TH, GR to dorsal accessory IO |
LRC.MM.PT.SL | Sublentiform Nucleus | nucleus | LRS | Accomodation reflex | Combines visual cortex and retinal input to project to OCN, receives retinal input |
LRC.MM.SC.SUP | Superficial Superior Colliculus | nucleus | LRC | Head and eye attention to visual stimuli | Receive input primarily from the visual system and show primarily visual responses |
Internal Region Connections:
Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
LRC.MM.PT.NOT | LRC.MM.SC.SUP | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
Cortical | |||||
NPE | LRC.MM.PT.PTA | NPE.FD.TH.LP | Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
NPE.FD.TH.MPV | Medial Pulvinar | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LRC.MM.PT.SL | NPE.FD.TH.LP | Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
NPE.FD.TH.MPV | Medial Pulvinar | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
LRC.MM.SC.SUP | NPE.FD.TH.LP | Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | Thalamocortical relationships (sLP -> LP, abstract) | |
NSA | LRC.MM.PT.PON | NSA.FD.LGN | Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC.MM.SC.SUP | NSA.FD.LGN | Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Global visual system (SCs -> LGN, abstract) | |
NSA.FD.TH.IPV | Inferior Pulvinar | nucleus-nucleus | Global visual system (SCs -> Pulvinar, abstract) | ||
NSA.FD.TH.LPV | Lateral Pulvinar | nucleus-nucleus | Global visual system (SCs -> Pulvinar, abstract) | ||
Subcortical | |||||
FEC | LRC.MM.PT.PTA | FEC.FD.STN.ICD | Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LAC | LRC.MM.PT.PON | LAC.MM.EWN | Edinger-Westphal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Effect of light on pupil diameter (OPN -> EW) |
LRC.MM.PT.SL | LAC.MM.EWN | Edinger-Westphal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (Pretectum -> EWN, abstract) | |
LPC | LRC.MM.PT.SL | LPC.MM.OCN | Oculomotor Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
LRC | LRC.MM.SC.SUP | LRC.MM.RP.RIP | Raphe Interpositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (SC -> RIP, abstract) |
LRC.MM.SC.INT | Intermediate Superior Colliculus | nucleus-nucleus | Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract) |
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- Saccades and smooth movements (unknown reference)
map: CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (Caudate Nucleus Head (FEC.FT.CN.HD), Caudate Nucleus Body (FEC.FT.CN.BD), Caudate Nucleus Tail (FEC.FT.CN.TL)), CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM)), DLPN=Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HT.PRF.RPO, Extrastriate=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex (NPE.NC.OCC.V3D), Ventral Associative Visual Cortex (NPE.NC.OCC.V3V)), FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (Caudal Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF), Anterior Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF)), PPC=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (Medial Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.MIP), Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.LIP)), PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)), SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT), Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)), SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral (FEC.FT.SNC.LT), Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial (FEC.FT.SNC.MED), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.DL), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial (FEC.FT.SNR.RM), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.VL), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial (FEC.FT.SNR.MED)), Striate=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1, TEF=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT, VGC=Cajal Nucleus,LRC.MM.CJ, Vestibular=Lateral Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.LVBN
map: CCV=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV, CRP=Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC, CRS=Cerebellar Paravermis,LLC.HT.CR.PV, CRV=Cerebellar Vermis,LRC.HT.CR.VM, CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), Broca's Area Pars Opercularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), Broca's Area Pars Triangularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC), Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG), Ventral Medial Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VMCG), Dorsal Medial Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DMCG), Pregenual Cingulate Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.PGCG), Motor Cortex (NMA.NC.MC), Caudal Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF), Anterior Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF), Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F2), Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F7), Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F4), Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F5), Supplementary Eye Field (NPE.NC.SMC.SEF), Pre-Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F6), Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F3)), DN=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN, FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG, IO=Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO, IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (Emboliform Nucleus (LLC.HT.CR.EN), Globose Nucleus (LLC.HT.CR.GN)), LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN, PNN=Basilar Pontine Nuclei,LLC.HT.BPN, RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD, RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF, SCM=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH, SCS=Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP, SCSD=Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL, VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN, VBG=Vestibular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.VB, VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL
map: Bechterew=Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus,LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG, CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM)), FEFSEF=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), Broca's Area Pars Opercularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), Broca's Area Pars Triangularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC), Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG), Ventral Medial Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VMCG), Dorsal Medial Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DMCG), Pregenual Cingulate Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.PGCG), Motor Cortex (NMA.NC.MC), Caudal Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF), Anterior Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF), Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F2), Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F7), Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F4), Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F5), Supplementary Eye Field (NPE.NC.SMC.SEF), Pre-Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F6), Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F3)), LGB=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN, PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)), PrimaryVisual=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1, RIP=Raphe Interpositus Nucleus,LRC.MM.RP.RIP, SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT), Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)), Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (Nucleus Accumbens Core (FEC.FT.ACC.CORE), Nucleus Accumbens Shell (FEC.FT.ACC.SH), Ventral Putamen (FEC.FT.PU.VT), Caudate Nucleus Head (FEC.FT.CN.HD), Caudate Nucleus Body (FEC.FT.CN.BD), Caudate Nucleus Tail (FEC.FT.CN.TL), Dorsal Putamen Lateral (FEC.FT.PU.LT), Dorsal Putamen Medial (FEC.FT.PU.MED)), Vestibular=Superior Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.SVBN, VisualAssociation=Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG
map: DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM, EW=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN, EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE, GC=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG, IML=Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC, LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC, OPN=Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON, PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV, RET=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT, SCG=Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG, SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN
map: DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL)), FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (Caudal Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF), Anterior Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF)), PEF=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (Medial Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.MIP), Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.LIP)), PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)), SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT), Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)), SEF=Supplementary Eye Field,NPE.NC.SMC.SEF, riMLF=Cajal Nucleus,LRC.MM.CJ
map: CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM)), CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), Broca's Area Pars Opercularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), Broca's Area Pars Triangularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC), Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG), Ventral Medial Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VMCG), Dorsal Medial Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DMCG), Pregenual Cingulate Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.PGCG), Motor Cortex (NMA.NC.MC), Caudal Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF), Anterior Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF), Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F2), Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F7), Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F4), Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F5), Supplementary Eye Field (NPE.NC.SMC.SEF), Pre-Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F6), Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F3)), EAMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH, EGMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH, FAMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH, FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG, IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (Emboliform Nucleus (LLC.HT.CR.EN), Globose Nucleus (LLC.HT.CR.GN)), LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN, MRF=Medullary Reticular Formation,HL.RF, PRF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF, RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD, VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN
map: AD=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD, DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG, EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (Lateral Entorhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.LEC), Medial Entorhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.MEC)), HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (Dentate Gyrus (FMM.FT.HC.DG), Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1P), Middle CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1M), Distal CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1D), Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA2), Proximal CA3 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3P), Middle CA3 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3M), Distal CA3 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3D)), IPD=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD, LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD, LHAB=Habenula,FAM.FD.HB, LMB=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB, MVSN=Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN, NPRP=Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH, PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR (Medial Superior Temporal Area (NPE.NC.IPL.MST), Supramarginal Wernike Cortex (NPE.NC.IPL.SMW), Retrosplenial Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.RSC), Posterior Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG), Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.SGCG), Precentral Cortex (NCP.NC.PO.PCC), Primary Somatosensory Cortex (NCP.NC.PG.S1), Secondary Somatosensory Cortex (NCP.NC.PG.S2), Parietal Ventral Cortex (NCP.NC.PG.PV), Somatosensory Association Cortex (NCP.NC.SPL.SA), Rostral Precuneus (NPE.NC.SPL.PF), Caudal Precuneus (NPE.NC.SPL.PG), Medial Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.MIP), Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.LIP), Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS.VIP), Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS.AIP)), PRHC=Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR, PSUB=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS, RSP=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC, SUPGEN=Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG, VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
References
(generated)
- http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987
- http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full
- http://www.cixip.com/index.php/page/content/id/1190
- http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells