Revision as of 03:12, 29 November 2018

Motor Reflex Area

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Local Circuits

(generated)

ID	Name	Regions
LGP	Gait and Posture Control	LRC.MM.CNF, LRC.MM.SCNF
LLP	Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion	LRC.HL.RF.SLRN, LRC.HT.CR.FG, LRC.HT.CR.FN, LRC.HT.CR.VM
LRB	Breathing and Swallowing Reflexes	LRC.HL.RA, LRC.HL.TGS.PA5, LRC.HT.KFN, LRC.HT.NSC, LRC.HT.PRF.CRF, LRC.HT.PRF.PVR
LRF	Frontal Visual Reflexes	LRC.MM.CJ, LRC.MM.DSCH, LRC.MM.RIMLF, LRC.MM.RP.RIP
LRM	Multisensory Orienting Reflexes	LRC.MM.EIC, LRC.MM.SC.DEEP, LRC.MM.SC.INT
LRP	Postural Control Reflexes	LRC.HL.INM, LRC.HL.NPH, LRC.HL.PRF.GCR, LRC.HL.RF.MED, LRC.HT.PRF.RPO, LRC.MM.PT.PR
LRV	Direct Visual Reflexes	LRC.MM.PT.NOT, LRC.MM.PT.PON, LRC.MM.PT.PTA, LRC.MM.PT.SL, LRC.MM.SC.SUP

Gait and Posture Control

unavailable

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LRC.MM.CNF	Cuneiform Nucleus	nucleus	LLE	Passive coping strategy to novel, painful or threatening stimuli	modulatory nucleus; medial part of midbrain RF
LRC.MM.SCNF	Subcuneiform Nucleus	nucleus	LLE	Initiation of gait, feedback control of saccade accuracy	contributes to generation of estimate of target or eye position coded in craniotopic coordinates

Internal Region Connections:

no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LPC	LRC.MM.CNF	LPC.SC.PH.CL	Clarke Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LRC.MM.SCNF	LRC.HL.NPH	Prepositus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.RP.RIP	Raphe Interpositus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LRC.MM.CNF	LAC.HL.VGN	Vagus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LRC.MM.SCNF	LMC.HL.RP.MG	Raphe Magnus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LMC.HP.RP.PRN	Pontine Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LRC.MM.CNF	LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.HT.KFN	Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion

unavailable

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LRC.HL.RF.SLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Subtrigeminal	nucleus	LLI	vestibular input	from lateral vestibular nucleus to vestibulocerebellum
LRC.HT.CR.FG	Fastigual Nucleus	nucleus	LLC	rostral - interprets body motion and places it on spatial planes to estimate movement of body through space; caudal - saccadic eye movements
LRC.HT.CR.FN	Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe	nucleus	LLC	regulates balance	projects to VBM, VBS; equilibrium; tunes balance (stance and gait), from VBM,VBS via MVST to trunk extensors
LRC.HT.CR.VM	Cerebellar Vermis	cortex	LLC	balance and spatial orientation, gait	projects to VBL; equilibrium; tunes balance (stance and gait) and VOR, from VBL to pRF and mRF via LVST to limb extensors

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LRC.HL.RF.SLRN	LRC.HT.CR.FN	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC.HT.CR.VM	LRC.HT.CR.FG	allocortex-nucleus-gaba	Cerebellum functional divisions (CRV -> FG)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LLC	LRC.HT.CR.FG	LLC.HT.CR.PV	Cerebellar Paravermis	allocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CRS -> FG)
	LRC.HT.CR.FN	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.CR.VM	LLC.HL.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	Cerebellum functional divisions (IO -> CRV)
		LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex-gaba	(unknown reference)
LPC	LRC.HL.RF.SLRN	LPC.HT.LVBN	Lateral Vestibular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.CR.FN	LPC.HT.IVBN	Inferior Vestibular Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LPC.PN.SG.SVB	Vestibular Ganglion - Saccule Neurons	ganglion-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.CR.VM	LPC.HT.MVBN	Medial Vestibular Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	Cerebellum functional divisions (VB -> CRV, abstract)
		LPC.SC.IZ.CCV	Central Cervical Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LPC	LRC.HT.CR.FG	LPC.HT.LVBN	Lateral Vestibular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (FG -> VB, abstract)
	LRC.HT.CR.FN	LPC.HT.MVBN	Medial Vestibular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
		LPC.HT.SVBN	Superior Vestibular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
LRC	LRC.HT.CR.FG	LRC.HT.PRF.CRF	Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (FG -> RF, abstract)
		LRC.MM.PT.PR	Principal Pretectal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Breathing and Swallowing Reflexes

unavailable

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LRC.HL.RA	Retroambigualis Nucleus	nucleus	LRM	Groups of premotor interneurons producing detailed motor actions	Different combination of activation of these premotor neurons determines vocalization, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, mating posture, or child delivery; ventral respiratory group
LRC.HL.TGS.PA5	Paratrigeminal Nucleus	nucleus	LRS	Orofacial nociceptive sensory processing	Somatosensory reflex, site for nociceptive inputs from sciatic innervation field
LRC.HT.KFN	Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus	nucleus	LRM	Control of protruder tongue muscles contraction to maintain respiration	To hypoglossal nucleus and phrenic nucleus; pontine respiratory group = KFN + Medial PBN
LRC.HT.NSC	Nucleus Subceruleus	nucleus	LRM	Tongue control	To hypoglossal nucleus; A7 group
LRC.HT.PRF.CRF	Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus	nucleus	LRM	Mediate head movements	Grinding of the teeth in sleep, projections from superior colliculus, to spinal cord, extends to facial
LRC.HT.PRF.PVR	Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus	nucleus	LRM	Flow of respiratory current out of organism	Projects to facial nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus and parabrachial nucleus

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LRC.HT.KFN	LRC.HL.RA	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	LRC.HL.TGS.PA5	NCP.NC.PG.S1	Primary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
NMA	LRC.HT.PRF.CRF	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	LRC.HT.PRF.PVR	FEC.FT.SNC.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial	nucleus-nucleus-DA	(unknown reference)
LMC	LRC.HL.RA	LMC.MM.PAG	Periaqueductal Gray Matter	nucleus-nucleus-ENK	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.NSC	LMC.MM.PAG	Periaqueductal Gray Matter	nucleus-nucleus-ENK	(unknown reference)
LPC	LRC.HL.RA	LPC.HL.SOL	Solitary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.KFN	LPC.HL.SOL	Solitary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.PRF.CRF	LPC.HT.IVBN	Inferior Vestibular Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus	Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) (VestibularNuclei -> PPRF, abstract)
LRC	LRC.HT.KFN	LRC.MM.CNF	Cuneiform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.PRF.CRF	LRC.HT.CR.FG	Fastigual Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (FG -> RF, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
FMM	LRC.HT.NSC	FMM.FT.HC.DG	Dentate Gyrus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
LPC	LRC.HL.RA	LPC.HL.AMB	Ambiguus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.VH.ONF	Onuf's Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.VH.PHR	Phrenic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HL.TGS.PA5	LPC.HT.FCM	Facial Motor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.KFN	LPC.HL.HYG	Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.NSC	LPC.HL.HYG	Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.PRF.CRF	LPC.HL.AMB	Ambiguus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Vocal Control (RF -> NucleusAmbiguus, abstract)
		LPC.HL.HYG	Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Vocal Control (RF -> NucleusXII, abstract)
		LPC.HT.FCM	Facial Motor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Vocal Control (RF -> MotorVII, abstract)
		LPC.HT.TRM	Trigeminal Motor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Vocal Control (RF -> MotorV, abstract)
	LRC.HT.PRF.PVR	LPC.HT.FCM	Facial Motor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Vocal Control (RF -> MotorVII, abstract)
		LPC.HT.TRM	Trigeminal Motor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Vocal Control (RF -> MotorV, abstract)

Frontal Visual Reflexes

unavailable

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LRC.MM.CJ	Cajal Nucleus	nucleus	LRM	Integration of head and eye movements, controls downward vertical gaze	Projects to CN3, CN4 nuclei, rotation of body about its long axis, Project to vestibular nuclei
LRC.MM.DSCH	Darkschewitsch Nucleus	nucleus	LRM	Mediate the consensual pupillary light reflex	Light in one eye results in pupil changes in another eye
LRC.MM.RIMLF	Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF	nucleus	LRM	Integration of head and eye movements, controls upward vertical gaze
LRC.MM.RP.RIP	Raphe Interpositus Nucleus	nucleus	LUS	Premotor network for saccades	Gate activity of burst neurons for vertical and horizontal saccades; omnipause neurons, part of PPRF

Internal Region Connections:

no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NPE	LRC.MM.CJ	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-nucleus	Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)
		NPE.NC.OCC.V3D	Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)
		NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> riMLF, abstract)
	LRC.MM.DSCH	NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.MM.RIMLF	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-nucleus	Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)
		NPE.NC.OCC.V3D	Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)
	LRC.MM.RP.RIP	NPE.NC.SMC.SEF	Supplementary Eye Field	neocortex-nucleus	Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (FEFSEF -> RIP, abstract)
Subcortical
LLC	LRC.MM.DSCH	LLC.HT.CR.GN	Globose Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LRC.MM.CJ	LPC.HL.VCOCH	Ventral Cochlear Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.MM.DSCH	LPC.HT.MVBN	Medial Vestibular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LRC.MM.CJ	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	Deep Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (SC -> riMLF, abstract)
	LRC.MM.RP.RIP	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	Superficial Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (SC -> RIP, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LRC.MM.DSCH	LAC.MM.EWN	Edinger-Westphal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> EWN, abstract)
LLC	LRC.MM.DSCH	LLC.HL.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LRC.MM.CJ	LPC.MM.OCN	Oculomotor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> Oculomotor, abstract)
		LPC.MM.TRH	Trochlear Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.MM.RIMLF	LPC.MM.OCN	Oculomotor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> Oculomotor, abstract)
LRC	LRC.MM.RP.RIP	LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (RIP -> PPRF, abstract)
		LRC.MM.SCNF	Subcuneiform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Multisensory Orienting Reflexes

unavailable

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LRC.MM.EIC	External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	nucleus	LSC	Middle ear reflex
LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	Deep Superior Colliculus	nucleus	LRC	Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli	Receive many types of input and project to numerous motor-related brain areas
LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus	LRC	Sensimotor integration for orienting	Receive GABA from SNpr to gate integration

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LRC.MM.EIC	LRC.MM.SC.INT	nucleus-nucleus	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICx -> SC, abstract)
LRC.MM.SC.INT	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	nucleus-nucleus	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NPE	LRC.MM.SC.INT	NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> SC, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	LRC.MM.SC.INT	FEC.FT.SNR.DL	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Global visual system (SNr -> SCi, abstract)
		FEC.FT.SNR.VL	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> SCi, abstract)
		FEC.HT.TG.IPD	Interpeduncular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	(unknown reference)
LLC	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	LLC.HT.CR.GN	Globose Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.MM.SC.INT	LLC.HT.BPN	Basilar Pontine Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HT.CR.EN	Emboliform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LRC.MM.SC.INT	LMC.HT.TG.PPN	Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)
LPC	LRC.MM.EIC	LPC.MM.CIC	Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICC -> ICx, abstract)
	LRC.MM.SC.INT	LPC.HL.CU	Cuneate Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LPC.HL.GR	Gracile Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LPC.HL.TGS.STR	Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LRC.MM.SC.INT	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	Superficial Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	LRC.MM.SC.INT	NCP.FD.TH.LI	Limitans Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	Saccadic Vision (SCi -> Thalamus, abstract)
NMA	LRC.MM.SC.INT	NMA.FD.TH.VA	Ventral Anterior Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Saccadic Vision (SCi -> Thalamus, abstract)
NSA	LRC.MM.SC.INT	NSA.FD.TH.SG	Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	Saccadic Vision (SCi -> Thalamus, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral	nucleus-nucleus	Global visual system (SCi -> SNc, abstract)
FMM	LRC.MM.SC.INT	FMM.FD.TH.AD	Anterodorsal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Global visual system (SCi -> ATH, abstract)
LLC	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)
	LRC.MM.SC.INT	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)
LPC	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	LPC.HT.ABD	Abducens Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Retina and superior colliculus targets (SC -> Abducens, abstract)
		LPC.MM.OCN	Oculomotor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Retina and superior colliculus targets (SC -> Oculomotor, abstract)
		LPC.MM.TRH	Trochlear Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Retina and superior colliculus targets (SC -> Trochlear, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.SAN	Spinal Accessory Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (SC -> PPRF, abstract)
		LRC.MM.CJ	Cajal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (SC -> riMLF, abstract)

Postural Control Reflexes

unavailable

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LRC.HL.INM	Intercalated Nucleus of Medulla	nucleus	LRC	Coordinate tongue movements, vestibuloocular reflex	Receives sensory inputs from neck region
LRC.HL.NPH	Prepositus Nucleus	nucleus	LLE	Integrate PPRF phasic signal to provide tonic signal of abducens	Part of horizontal gaze holding system
LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus	nucleus	LRM	Vasodepressor center	Projects to hypoglossal nucleus, abducens; medullary (lateral) reticulospinal tract; excite trunk flexors, inhibit extensors; stimulation induces inspiration
LRC.HL.RF.MED	Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus	nucleus	LLE	Somatic motor control, cardiovascular control, pain modulation, sleep and consciousness, habituation
LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus	nucleus	LRM	Mediation of changing to and from REM sleep	Part of horizontal gaze center, projects to spinal cord and abducens; excites spinal extensors, inhibit flexors
LRC.MM.PT.PR	Principal Pretectal Nucleus	nucleus	LRM	Pupillary light reflex	Affected by visual cortex and projects to EWN

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LRC.HL.NPH	LRC.HL.INM	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	LRC.HL.RF.MED	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> MRF, abstract)
NPE	LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> MRF, abstract)
	LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	NPE.NC.BRA.PO	Broca's Area Pars Opercularis	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
		NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
NSA	LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	NSA.NC.IT.TE	Inferotemporal Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Saccades and smooth movements (TEF -> DLPN, abstract)
Subcortical
LMC	LRC.HL.NPH	LMC.HT.TG.LDT	Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-ACh	Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)
LPC	LRC.HL.INM	LPC.HT.MVBN	Medial Vestibular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HL.NPH	LPC.HT.MVBN	Medial Vestibular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Head Direction Cell Circuit (MVSN -> NPRP)
	LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	LPC.HL.TGS.STR	Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	LRC.MM.CNF	Cuneiform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	LRC.MM.RP.RIP	Raphe Interpositus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (RIP -> PPRF, abstract)
		LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	Deep Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (SC -> PPRF, abstract)
	LRC.MM.PT.PR	LRC.HT.CR.FG	Fastigual Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NSA	LRC.HL.NPH	NSA.FD.TH.SG	Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	Head Direction Cell Circuit (NPRP -> SUPGEN)
Subcortical
FAM	LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	FAM.HT.TG.NI	Incertus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LAC	LRC.HL.INM	LAC.FD.HT.PN	Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.MM.PT.PR	LAC.MM.EWN	Edinger-Westphal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (Pretectum -> EWN, abstract)
LLC	LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	LLC.HT.CR.CC	Cerebellar Lateral Lobe	nucleus-allocortex	Saccades and smooth movements (DLPN -> CR, abstract)
LMC	LRC.HL.NPH	LMC.HT.TG.LDT	Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HL.RF.MED	LMC.HT.LC	Locus Coeruleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	LPC.SC.VH.PL	Posterolateral Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Motor neurons control (MRF -> EGMN, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.PM	Posteromedial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Motor neurons control (MRF -> EGMN, abstract)
	LRC.HL.RF.MED	LPC.SC.VH.VM	Ventromedial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Motor neurons control (MRF -> EGMN, abstract)
	LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	LPC.HT.ABD	Abducens Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) (PPRF -> Abducens, abstract)
		LPC.HT.IVBN	Inferior Vestibular Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LPC.MM.OCN	Oculomotor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Global visual system (RF -> OPN, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.SAN	Spinal Accessory Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (RF -> SCM, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.VL	Ventrolateral Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (RF -> SCM, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.VM	Ventromedial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (RF -> SCM, abstract)
LRC	LRC.HL.NPH	LRC.MM.PT.NOT	Nucleus of Optic Tract	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.SCNF	Subcuneiform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	LRC.MM.SCNF	Subcuneiform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Direct Visual Reflexes

unavailable

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LRC.MM.PT.NOT	Nucleus of Optic Tract	nucleus	LRS	Encode retinal error information during smooth pursuit eye movements	Guide motor learning during horizontal SP; ipsilateral horizontal ocular pursuit
LRC.MM.PT.PON	Pretectal Olivary Nucleus	nucleus	LRS	Pupillary light reflex and modulating subcortical nuclei involved in circadian rhythms	Primary visual centre, involved in the pupillary light reflex, receives retinal input
LRC.MM.PT.PTA	Anterior Pretectum Nucleus	nucleus	LLI	Mediate somatosensory and nociceptive information	3 parallel flows from MC, anterior interpositus nucleus of TH, GR to dorsal accessory IO
LRC.MM.PT.SL	Sublentiform Nucleus	nucleus	LRS	Accomodation reflex	Combines visual cortex and retinal input to project to OCN, receives retinal input
LRC.MM.SC.SUP	Superficial Superior Colliculus	nucleus	LRC	Head and eye attention to visual stimuli	Receive input primarily from the visual system and show primarily visual responses

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LRC.MM.PT.NOT	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NPE	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	Medial Superior Temporal Area	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)
		NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (PEF -> SC, abstract)
NSA	LRC.MM.PT.NOT	NSA.FD.LGN	Lateral Geniculate Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.MM.PT.SL	NSA.NC.OCC.V1	Primary Visual Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	NSA.NC.OCC.V1	Primary Visual Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (VisualCortex -> SCs, abstract)
		NSA.NC.OCC.V2TN	Secondary Visual Cortex, Thin Stripe	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (VisualCortex -> SCs, abstract)
Subcortical
LAC	LRC.MM.PT.NOT	LAC.FD.HT.SCN	Suprachiasmatic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LRC.MM.PT.NOT	LPC.FD.RT	Retinal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
	LRC.MM.PT.PON	LPC.FD.RT	Retinal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Effect of light on pupil diameter (RET -> OPN)
	LRC.MM.PT.SL	LPC.FD.RT	Retinal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	LPC.FD.RT	Retinal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> SC, abstract)
LRC	LRC.MM.PT.NOT	LRC.HL.NPH	Prepositus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NPE	LRC.MM.PT.PTA	NPE.FD.TH.LP	Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		NPE.FD.TH.MPV	Medial Pulvinar	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.MM.PT.SL	NPE.FD.TH.LP	Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		NPE.FD.TH.MPV	Medial Pulvinar	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	NPE.FD.TH.LP	Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	Thalamocortical relationships (sLP -> LP, abstract)
NSA	LRC.MM.PT.PON	NSA.FD.LGN	Lateral Geniculate Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	NSA.FD.LGN	Lateral Geniculate Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Global visual system (SCs -> LGN, abstract)
		NSA.FD.TH.IPV	Inferior Pulvinar	nucleus-nucleus	Global visual system (SCs -> Pulvinar, abstract)
		NSA.FD.TH.LPV	Lateral Pulvinar	nucleus-nucleus	Global visual system (SCs -> Pulvinar, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	LRC.MM.PT.PTA	FEC.FD.STN.ICD	Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LAC	LRC.MM.PT.PON	LAC.MM.EWN	Edinger-Westphal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Effect of light on pupil diameter (OPN -> EW)
	LRC.MM.PT.SL	LAC.MM.EWN	Edinger-Westphal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (Pretectum -> EWN, abstract)
LPC	LRC.MM.PT.SL	LPC.MM.OCN	Oculomotor Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	LRC.MM.RP.RIP	Raphe Interpositus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (SC -> RIP, abstract)
		LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

Saccades and smooth movements (unknown reference) (CP.SACCADIC-VOLUNTARY-AND-PURSUIT)

CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex)
DLPN=Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HT.PRF.RPO
Extrastriate=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe)
FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see Premotor Cortex)
PPC=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see Intraparietal Sulcus)
PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (see Pontine Reticular Formation)
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see Basal Ganglia)
Striate=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
TEF=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT
VGC=Cajal Nucleus,LRC.MM.CJ
Vestibular=Lateral Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.LVBN

Cerebellum functional divisions - see Reference (CM.CR-DECUSSATION)

CCV=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV
CRP=Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC
CRS=Cerebellar Paravermis,LLC.HT.CR.PV
CRV=Cerebellar Vermis,LRC.HT.CR.VM
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
DN=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG
IO=Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO
IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see Cerebellar Complex)
LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
PNN=Basilar Pontine Nuclei,LLC.HT.BPN
RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
SCM=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
SCS=Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP
SCSD=Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL
VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN
VBG=Vestibular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.VB
VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL

Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements - see Reference (CP.VISION-SACCADES)

Bechterew=Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus,LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG
CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex)
FEFSEF=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
LGB=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (see Pontine Reticular Formation)
PrimaryVisual=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
RIP=Raphe Interpositus Nucleus,LRC.MM.RP.RIP
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
Vestibular=Superior Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.SVBN
VisualAssociation=Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG

Effect of light on pupil diameter - see Reference (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX)

DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
EW=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN
EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE
GC=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG
IML=Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
OPN=Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
RET=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCG=Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG
SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN

Summary of eye movement control - see Reference (CP.EYE-FIELDS)

DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see Premotor Cortex)
PEF=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see Intraparietal Sulcus)
PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (see Pontine Reticular Formation)
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SEF=Supplementary Eye Field,NPE.NC.SMC.SEF
riMLF=Cajal Nucleus,LRC.MM.CJ

Motor neurons control - see Reference (CM.CR-MN)

CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex)
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
EAMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
EGMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
FAMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG
IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see Cerebellar Complex)
LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
MRF=Medullary Reticular Formation,HL.RF
PRF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD
VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN

Head Direction Cell Circuit - see Reference (CT.HEAD-DIRECTION)

AD=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD
DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
IPD=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD
LHAB=Habenula,FAM.FD.HB
LMB=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB
MVSN=Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN
NPRP=Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH
PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
PRHC=Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR
PSUB=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS
RSP=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC
SUPGEN=Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG
VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

References

(generated)

@@ Line 634: / Line 634: @@
 (generated)
-* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements] (unknown reference)
+* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements] (unknown reference) (CP.SACCADIC-VOLUNTARY-AND-PURSUIT)
- map:
   CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
   CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
@@ Line 652: / Line 651: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/f13c445bf53e552ebd68798387d5d100.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblconn.gif Cerebellum functional divisions] - see [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Reference]
+* [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblconn.gif Cerebellum functional divisions] - see [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Reference] (CM.CR-DECUSSATION)
- map:
   CCV=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]]
   CRP=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC]]
@@ Line 676: / Line 674: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/b5905a380626f8f7f1f3ad0a2bf2762a.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0006899301025987-gr1.gif Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987 Reference]
+* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0006899301025987-gr1.gif Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987 Reference] (CP.VISION-SACCADES)
- map:
   Bechterew=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG|Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus,LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]]
   CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
@@ Line 692: / Line 689: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/589bb18de54efec1ca32303d0caa76ff.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/31465/fnint-06-00094-r2/image_m/fnint-06-00094-g002.jpg Effect of light on pupil diameter] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Reference]
+* [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/31465/fnint-06-00094-r2/image_m/fnint-06-00094-g002.jpg Effect of light on pupil diameter] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Reference] (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX)
- map:
   DMH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
   EW=[[BrainRegionLAC_MM_EWN|Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN]]
@@ Line 708: / Line 704: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1cde10342c1a8c5667b42d9df87c4f50.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121030/20121030134649_52795.jpg Summary of eye movement control] - see [http://www.cixip.com/index.php/page/content/id/1190 Reference]
+* [http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121030/20121030134649_52795.jpg Summary of eye movement control] - see [http://www.cixip.com/index.php/page/content/id/1190 Reference] (CP.EYE-FIELDS)
- map:
   DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
   FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
@@ Line 720: / Line 715: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1e34c15be19f98dbf300ca306c8f4c53.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://dev.epubbud.com/uploads/9/2/6/9263981/images/Medical_Physiology_A_Systems_Approach__1e_2011_pdf/index-187_1.jpg Motor neurons control] - see [http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Reference]
+* [http://dev.epubbud.com/uploads/9/2/6/9263981/images/Medical_Physiology_A_Systems_Approach__1e_2011_pdf/index-187_1.jpg Motor neurons control] - see [http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Reference] (CM.CR-MN)
- map:
   CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
   CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
@@ Line 737: / Line 731: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/2c4f43876377580a8d7d56c656b782f4.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png Head Direction Cell Circuit] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference]
+* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png Head Direction Cell Circuit] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference] (CT.HEAD-DIRECTION)
- map:
   AD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD]]
   DTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG]]

Difference between revisions of "BrainAreaLRC"

Revision as of 03:12, 29 November 2018

Contents

Local Circuits

Gait and Posture Control

Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion

Breathing and Swallowing Reflexes

Frontal Visual Reflexes

Multisensory Orienting Reflexes

Postural Control Reflexes

Direct Visual Reflexes

Thirdparty Circuits

References

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