BrainAreaLLC

Locomotion Control Area

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLLC

---

Local Circuits

(generated)

ID	Name	Regions
LGP	Gait and Posture Control	LLC.MM.CNF, LLC.MM.SCNF
LLC	Cerebrocerebellar Locomotion	LLC.HP.CR.CC, LLC.HP.CR.DN, LLC.HP.PN.RP, LLC.HP.PRF.PDT
LLL	Spinocerebellar Learning	LLC.FD.TH.SF, LLC.HM.ARC, LLC.HM.IO, LLC.HM.RF.MLRN, LLC.HM.RF.PLRN, LLC.HP.PN.PBB
LLP	Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion	LLC.HM.RF.SLRN, LLC.HP.CR.FN, LLC.HP.CR.VC, LLC.SC.IZ.CCV
LLS	Spinocerebellar Locomotion	LLC.HP.CR.EN, LLC.HP.CR.GN, LLC.HP.CR.SC, LLC.MM.RD

Gait and Posture Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LLC.MM.CNF	Cuneiform Nucleus	nucleus	LLE	Passive coping strategy to novel, painful or threatening stimuli	modulatory nucleus; medial part of midbrain RF
LLC.MM.SCNF	Subcuneiform Nucleus	nucleus	LLE	Initiation of gait, feedback control of saccade accuracy	contributes to generation of estimate of target or eye position coded in craniotopic coordinates

Internal Region Connections:

• no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LPC	LLC.MM.CNF	LPC.SC.PH.CL	Clarke Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LLC.MM.SCNF	LRC.HM.NPH	Prepositus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.HP.PRF.GCR	Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.RP.RIP	Raphe Interpositus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LAC	LLC.MM.CNF	LAC.HM.VGN	Vagus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LLC.MM.SCNF	LMC.HM.RP.MG	Raphe Magnus Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LMC.HP.RP.PRN	Pontine Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LLC.MM.CNF	LRC.HP.PN.KFN	Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.HP.PRF.GCR	Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Cerebrocerebellar Locomotion

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LLC.HP.CR.CC	Cerebrocerebellum	cortex	LLC	planning movement that is about to occur, evaluating sensory information for action, handles intentions	lateral zone of anterior and posterior lobes; dentate nucleus; receives input exclusively from cerebral cortex (especially parietal lobe) via pontine nuclei (forming cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways), and sends output mainly to ventrolateral thalamus and to red nucleus; add skill to movements
LLC.HP.CR.DN	Dentate Nucleus	nucleus	LLC	planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements	dorsal - movement of skeletal muscle, ventral - conscious thought and visuospatial function
LLC.HP.PN.RP	Rostral Pontine Nucleus	nucleus	LLI	Part of learning, motivation, spatial memory pathway	Relay from mammillary body to CR
LLC.HP.PRF.PDT	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	nucleus	LLI	Mediate saccadic eye movements	Inactivation leads to deficit of expression, but not learning

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LLC.HP.CR.CC	LLC.HP.CR.DN	allocortex-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
LLC.HP.PN.RP	LLC.HP.CR.DN	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LLC.HP.PRF.PDT	LLC.HP.CR.CC	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	LLC.HP.PRF.PDT	NDM.NC.AL.VACG	Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-nucleus	Vocal Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract)
NMA	LLC.HP.PRF.PDT	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> RF, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-nucleus	Vocal Control (M2 -> RF, abstract)
NPE	LLC.HP.PRF.PDT	NPE.NC.BRA.PO	Broca's Area Pars Opercularis	neocortex-nucleus	Vocal Control (Broca -> RF, abstract)
Subcortical
FMM	LLC.HP.PN.RP	FMM.FD.MB.MMB	Medial Mammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (HT -> PN, abstract)
	LLC.HP.PRF.PDT	FMM.FD.MB.LMB	Lateral Mammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Mammillary Body (LMB -> RTG)
		FMM.FD.MB.MMB	Medial Mammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Mammillary Body (MMB -> RTG)
LAC	LLC.HP.PN.RP	LAC.FD.HT.RCH	Retrochiasmatic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (HT -> PN, abstract)
LRC	LLC.HP.CR.CC	LRC.HP.PRF.RPO	Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	Saccades and smooth movements (DLPN -> CR, abstract)
	LLC.HP.PRF.PDT	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	Deep Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	LLC.HP.CR.DN	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	nucleus-neocortex	(unknown reference)
NMA	LLC.HP.CR.DN	NMA.FD.TH.VL	Ventral Lateral Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
Subcortical
FEC	LLC.HP.CR.DN	FEC.FD.TH.RIL	Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LLC	LLC.HP.CR.DN	LLC.HP.CR.GN	Globose Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Spinocerebellar Learning

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LLC.FD.TH.SF	Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus	LUS	Relays from PAG to Rhape nuclei, Inferior olive nucleus
LLC.HM.ARC	Arcuate Nucleus of Medulla	nucleus	LLI	Relay cardiorepriratory proprioception to cerebellum	Receives fibers from spinothalamic tract and sends to CR; controlling respiratory frequency; chemosensitivity and cardiorespiratory activity
LLC.HM.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus	LLI	Proprioception Relay from Spinal Cord to Cerebellum
LLC.HM.RF.MLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular	nucleus	LLI	spinal cord projections to cerebellum, cervical	from RD; medial, magnocellular portion, immediately adjacent to lateral - to vermis; rest of magnocellular subnucleus sends its projections to hemisphere regions of cerebellum
LLC.HM.RF.PLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular	nucleus	LLI	spinal cord projections to cerebellum, thoracolumbar	from RD; lateral, parvocellular portion of LRN send most their projections to vermis of cerebellum
LLC.HP.PN.PBB	Pontobulbar Body	nucleus	LLI	Relay neck proprioception to cerebellum	Walking, speaking, breathing, part of corticopontocerebellar pathway

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LLC.FD.TH.SF	LLC.HM.IO	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	LLC.HP.PN.PBB	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (MC -> PN, abstract)
Subcortical
LLC	LLC.HM.IO	LLC.MM.RD	Red Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LLC.SC.IZ.CCV	Central Cervical Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HM.RF.MLRN	LLC.MM.RD	Red Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HM.RF.PLRN	LLC.MM.RD	Red Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LLC.FD.TH.SF	LMC.MM.PAG	Periaqueductal Gray Matter	nucleus-nucleus-ENK	(unknown reference)
LPC	LLC.HM.ARC	LPC.SC.PH.CL	Clarke Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HM.IO	LPC.SC.PH.NP	Proprius Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HM.RF.PLRN	LPC.SC.IZ.IMM	Intermediomedial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HP.PN.PBB	LPC.SC.PH.CL	Clarke Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LLC.HM.IO	LRC.MM.DSCH	Darkschewitsch Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LLC	LLC.HM.ARC	LLC.HP.CR.SC	Spinocerebellum	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HM.IO	LLC.HP.CR.GN	Globose Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HP.CR.SC	Spinocerebellum	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HM.RF.MLRN	LLC.HP.CR.SC	Spinocerebellum	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HM.RF.PLRN	LLC.HP.CR.SC	Spinocerebellum	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HP.PN.PBB	LLC.HP.CR.SC	Spinocerebellum	nucleus-allocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)
LMC	LLC.FD.TH.SF	LMC.MM.RP.DRN	Dorsal Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)

Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LLC.HM.RF.SLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Subtrigeminal	nucleus	LLI	vestibular input	from lateral vestibular nucleus to vestibulocerebellum
LLC.HP.CR.FN	Fastigual Nucleus	nucleus	LLC	rostral - interprets body motion and places it on spatial planes to estimate movement of body through space; caudal - saccadic eye movements
LLC.HP.CR.VC	Vestibulocerebellum	cortex	LLC	balance and spatial orientation, gait	projects to vestibular nuclei only; equilibrium; tunes balance (stance and gait) and VOR
LLC.SC.IZ.CCV	Central Cervical Nucleus	nucleus	LLI	Coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills	Receive neck and vestibular input and project to CR and vestibular nuclei

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LLC.HM.RF.SLRN	LLC.HP.CR.VC	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
LLC.HP.CR.VC	LLC.HP.CR.FN	allocortex-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LPC	LLC.HM.RF.SLRN	LPC.HP.LVBN	Lateral Vestibular Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HP.CR.VC	LPC.HP.IVBN	Inferior Vestibular Nuclei	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LPC.HP.MVBN	Medial Vestibular Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
	LLC.SC.IZ.CCV	LPC.PN.SG.UDRG	Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion	ganglion-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NSA	LLC.SC.IZ.CCV	NSA.FD.TH.VPL	Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Thalamocortical relationships (s1P -> P, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	LLC.SC.IZ.CCV	FEC.FD.TH.RIL	Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LLC	LLC.SC.IZ.CCV	LLC.HM.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LLC.HP.CR.FN	LPC.HP.LVBN	Lateral Vestibular Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.SC.IZ.CCV	LPC.HP.IVBN	Inferior Vestibular Nuclei	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LLC.HP.CR.FN	LRC.HP.PRF.CRF	Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.PT.PR	Principal Pretectal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Spinocerebellar Locomotion

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LLC.HP.CR.EN	Emboliform Nucleus	nucleus	LLC	Modulate motor functions of Red Nucleus	Trigeminocerebellar tract
LLC.HP.CR.GN	Globose Nucleus	nucleus	LLC	Modulate motor functions of Red Nucleus
LLC.HP.CR.SC	Spinocerebellum	cortex	LLC	fine-tune body and limb movements	medial zone of anterior and posterior lobes; fastigial and interpositus nuclei; tunes and adjusts ongoing movements and muscle tone
LLC.MM.RD	Red Nucleus	nucleus	LLE	Motor coordination	Crawling of babies is controlled by RN

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LLC.HP.CR.EN	LLC.HP.CR.GN	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.MM.RD	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LLC.HP.CR.GN	LLC.MM.RD	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LLC.HP.CR.SC	LLC.HP.CR.EN	allocortex-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HP.CR.GN	allocortex-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	LLC.MM.RD	NDM.NC.AL.VACG	Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
Subcortical
FEC	LLC.MM.RD	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-DA	(unknown reference)
LLC	LLC.HP.CR.GN	LLC.HM.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HP.CR.DN	Dentate Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HP.CR.SC	LLC.HM.ARC	Arcuate Nucleus of Medulla	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HM.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HM.RF.MLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HM.RF.PLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HP.PN.PBB	Pontobulbar Body	nucleus-allocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)
LMC	LLC.HP.CR.SC	LMC.HM.RP.OB	Raphe Obscurus Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex-5HT	(unknown reference)
		LMC.HP.RP.PRN	Pontine Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex-5HT	(unknown reference)
LPC	LLC.HP.CR.SC	LPC.HM.ACU	Accessory Cuneate Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LPC.HM.CU	Cuneate Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.IZ.CBS	Centrobasalis Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.IZ.IMM	Intermediomedial Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.PH.CL	Clarke Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
FEC	LLC.HP.CR.EN	FEC.FD.TH.CM	Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LLC	LLC.MM.RD	LLC.HM.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HM.RF.MLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HM.RF.PLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LLC.MM.RD	LPC.SC.VH.PL	Posterolateral Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.VH.PM	Posteromedial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LLC.HP.CR.GN	LRC.MM.DSCH	Darkschewitsch Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	Deep Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• Thalamocortical relationships - see Reference

• Mammillary Body (unknown reference)

• Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements - see Reference

References

(generated)

• http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987