Latest revision as of 18:33, 28 April 2019

Medial Superior Temporal Area

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This page covers biological details of component Medial Superior Temporal Area. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

Top-down path to region: Cerebral Cortex -> Parietal Lobe (NC.LOBE.PAR) -> Inferior Parietal Lobule (NC.IPL) -> Angular Gyrus (NC.IPL.AG) -> Medial Superior Temporal Area (NPE.NC.IPL.MST) (see Mind Maps)
Type: cortex
Quality: L0
Brain area: Neocortical Brain - Unimodal Execution Area (NPE)
Area circuit: Execution by Motion Inputs (NPS)
Brodmann ID: 39
Role: cortex.generic
Function: Image stabilization, predictive target tracking
Notes to function:
- PG, Ventro-dorsal stream

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Components

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no child items defined

Connectivity

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NPE.NC.IPL.MST.dot.png

Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Role	Reference
NSA	NSA.FD.TH.IPV	Inferior Pulvinar	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Global visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)
	NSA.NC.OCC.MT	Middle Temporal Area	feedforward-glu	uncertain	Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MT -> MST)
	NSA.NC.OCC.PO	Parietooccipital Area	feedforward-glu	uncertain	Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (PO -> MST)

Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Role	Reference
FMM	FMM.FT.HC.CA1P	Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Contribution of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> CA1, abstract)
	FMM.FT.HC.CA3D	Distal CA3 of Hippocampus	excitatory-glu	uncertain	(unknown reference)
	FMM.NC.PH.POR	Postrhinal Cortex	feedforward-glu	uncertain	Head Direction Cell Circuit (PC -> PRHC, abstract)
LRC	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	Superficial Superior Colliculus	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)
NCP	NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG	Posterior Cingulate Cortex	feedforward-glu	uncertain	Contribution of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> PosteriorCingulate, abstract)
NDM	NDM.NC.AL.DACG	Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area	feedforward-glu	uncertain	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR	Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	feedforward-glu	uncertain	Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (PTHA -> PFC, abstract)
NMA	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex	feedforward-glu	uncertain	3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)
NPE	NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	Supramarginal Wernike Cortex	feedforward-glu	uncertain	Visual Dorsal Pathway (MST -> IPL, abstract)
	NPE.NC.SPL.PG	Caudal Precuneus	feedforward-glu	uncertain	Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a)

Thirdparty Circuits

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Contribution of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness - see Reference (CT.HIPPOCAMPUS-FOR-CONSCIOUSNESS)

AnteriorHC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
AnteriorTemporal=Anterior Temporal Lobe,NCP.NC.INS.HR
CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see Hippocampal Formation)
CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see Hippocampal Formation)
IPL=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL
LateralEC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
MB=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see Hypothalamus)
MedialEC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
PHCortex=Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR
PRCortex=Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER
PosteriorCingulate=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG
PosteriorHC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
Retrosplenial=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC
TH.AV=Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV

Head Direction Cell Circuit - see Reference (CT.HEAD-DIRECTION)

AD=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD
DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
IPD=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD
LHAB=Habenula,FAM.FD.HB
LMB=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB
MVSN=Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN
NPRP=Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH
PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
PRHC=Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR
PSUB=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS
RSP=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC
SUPGEN=Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG
VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

Visual Dorsal Pathway - see Reference (CP.VISUAL-DORSAL-PATHWAY)

IPL=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL
IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
MST=Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SPL=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL
V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe)
V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe)
V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see Occipital Lobe)
V5=Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT
V6=Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO

Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT - see Reference (CP.PRIMARY-VISUAL-FORWARD-FLOWS)

7a=Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP
MST=Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST
MT=Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT
PO=Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
TE=Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE
TEO=Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO
V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe)
V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe)
V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see Occipital Lobe)
VIP=Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP

Global visual system - see Reference (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)

ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
BGA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
OPN=Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN
ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see Sensory Thalamus)
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see Anterior/Ventral Horn)
Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

3 Visual Cortex Paths - see Reference (CP.BASE-VISUAL-CORTEX-FLOWS)

IPL=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL
IPS=Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS
IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT
LPC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
MI=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
OCC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
SPL=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL
dPM=Dorsal Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.DPMC (see Premotor Cortex)
pre-SMA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC
vPM=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see Premotor Cortex)

Cortico-Cortical Connectivity - see Reference (CL.CORTICO-CORTICAL-CONNECTIVITY)

A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
AA=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3
M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
MA=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC
PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
PTHA=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL
S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
SA=Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA
V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe)

Postero-lateral and medial views of hemisphere of human - see Reference (CM.PARIETAL-OVERVIEW)

IPL=Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST

IPL Receptors - see Reference (CM.PARIETAL-IPL-RECEPTORS)

IPL=Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST

References

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Difference between revisions of "BrainRegionNPE NC IPL MST"

Latest revision as of 18:33, 28 April 2019

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <pre style="color: green">Medial Superior Temporal Area</pre>
 @@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNPE]] -> [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST]]
@@ Line 7: / Line 6: @@
 Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.
-* '''Top-down path to region''': Cortex -> Parietal Lobe (NC.LOBE.PAR) -> Inferior Parietal Lobule (NC.IPL) -> Angular Gyrus (NC.IPL.AG) -> Medial Superior Temporal Area (NPE.NC.IPL.MST) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
+* '''Top-down path to region''': Cerebral Cortex -> Parietal Lobe (NC.LOBE.PAR) -> [[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule]] (NC.IPL) -> Angular Gyrus (NC.IPL.AG) -> [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|Medial Superior Temporal Area]] (NPE.NC.IPL.MST) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
 * '''Type''': cortex
-* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNPE|Neocortical Brain - Polymodal Execution Area]]
+* '''Quality''': L0
+* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNPE|Neocortical Brain - Unimodal Execution Area]] (NPE)
+* '''Area circuit''': Execution by Motion Inputs (NPS)
 * '''Brodmann ID''': 39
-* '''Role''': processor
+* '''Role''': cortex.generic
 * '''Function''': Image stabilization, predictive target tracking
-* '''Notes to function''': PG, Ventro-dorsal stream
+* '''Notes to function''':
+** PG, Ventro-dorsal stream
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 = Components =
@@ Line 25: / Line 27: @@
-http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/NPE.NC.IPL.MST.dot.png
+http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NPE.NC.IPL.MST.dot.png
 '''Inbound Region Connections:'''
 {| class=wikitable width=80%
-| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
+| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_IPV|NSA.FD.TH.IPV]] || Inferior Pulvinar || excitatory-glu || [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566|Global visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)]]
+| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_IPV|NSA.FD.TH.IPV]] || Inferior Pulvinar || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|NSA.NC.OCC.MT]] || Middle Temporal Area || feedforward-glu || [[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html|Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MT -> MST)]]
+|  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|NSA.NC.OCC.MT]] || Middle Temporal Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MT -> MST)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|NSA.NC.OCC.PO]] || Parietooccipital Area || feedforward-glu || [[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html|Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (PO -> MST)]]
+|  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|NSA.NC.OCC.PO]] || Parietooccipital Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (PO -> MST)]
 |}
@@ Line 42: / Line 44: @@
 {| class=wikitable width=80%
-| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
+| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3D|FMM.FT.HC.CA3D]] || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || excitatory-glu || [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763409002061|Contribution of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> CA1, abstract)]]
+| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1P|FMM.FT.HC.CA1P]] || Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763409002061 Contribution of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> CA1, abstract)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POR|FMM.NC.PH.POR]] || Postrhinal Cortex || feedforward-glu || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (PC -> PRHC, abstract)]]
+|  || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3D|FMM.FT.HC.CA3D]] || Distal CA3 of Hippocampus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|LRC.MM.SC.SUP]] || Superficial Superior Colliculus || excitatory-glu || [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566|Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)]]
+|  || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POR|FMM.NC.PH.POR]] || Postrhinal Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (PC -> PRHC, abstract)]
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]] || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || feedforward-glu || [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763409002061|Contribution of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> PosteriorCingulate, abstract)]]
+| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|LRC.MM.SC.SUP]] || Superficial Superior Colliculus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)]
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || feedforward-glu || [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566|Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]]
+| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]] || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763409002061 Contribution of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> PosteriorCingulate, abstract)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR]] || Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || feedforward-glu || [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080|Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (PTHA -> PFC, abstract)]]
+| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|NMA.NC.PMC.F4]] || Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || [[http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf|3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)]]
+|  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR]] || Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (PTHA -> PFC, abstract)]
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || Supramarginal Wernike Cortex || feedforward-glu || [[http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056|Visual Dorsal Pathway (MST -> IPL, abstract)]]
+| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|NMA.NC.PMC.F4]] || Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || Caudal Precuneus || feedforward-glu || [[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html|Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a)]]
+| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || Supramarginal Wernike Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 Visual Dorsal Pathway (MST -> IPL, abstract)]
+|-
+|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || Caudal Precuneus || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a)]
 |}
@@ Line 66: / Line 70: @@
 (generated)
-* [[http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056.fig.001.jpg|Visual Dorsal Pathway]] - see [[http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056|Reference]]
+* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0149763409002061-gr1.jpg Contribution of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763409002061 Reference] (CT.HIPPOCAMPUS-FOR-CONSCIOUSNESS)
+ AnteriorHC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
+ AnteriorTemporal=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_HR|Anterior Temporal Lobe,NCP.NC.INS.HR]]
+ CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
+ CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
+ IPL=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
+ LateralEC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
+ MB=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]])
+ MedialEC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
+ PHCortex=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POR|Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR]]
+ PRCortex=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER|Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER]]
+ PosteriorCingulate=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]]
+ PosteriorHC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
+ Retrosplenial=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]]
+ TH.AV=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV|Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7a4d2557d785ba4d3f27dac260874771.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png Head Direction Cell Circuit] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference] (CT.HEAD-DIRECTION)
+ AD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD]]
+ DTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG]]
+ EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
+ HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
+ IPD=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]]
+ LD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]]
+ LHAB=[[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula,FAM.FD.HB]]
+ LMB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB]]
+ MVSN=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_MVBN|Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN]]
+ NPRP=[[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH]]
+ PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
+ PRHC=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POR|Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR]]
+ PSUB=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS|Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS]]
+ RSP=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]]
+ SUPGEN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG]]
+ VC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1f4c1812ddb8ec93b53b4ed26dc3a381.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+* [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056.fig.001.jpg Visual Dorsal Pathway] - see [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 Reference] (CP.VISUAL-DORSAL-PATHWAY)
+ IPL=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
+ IT=[[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT|Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]]
+ LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ MST=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST]]
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ SPL=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
+ V1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
+ V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ V5=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT]]
+ V6=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/c2749de1240ee8cdd79b8bae73b372c4.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+* [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Reference] (CP.PRIMARY-VISUAL-FORWARD-FLOWS)
+a=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG]]
+ LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ LIP=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]]
+ MST=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST]]
+ MT=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT]]
+ PO=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO]]
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ TE=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE|Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE]]
+ TEO=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO|Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO]]
+ V1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
+ V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ VIP=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP|Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1c30169028b3eacfe0db4fffcf65feaa.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference] (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)
+ ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
+ BGA=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
+ FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
+ LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ OPN=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN|Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN]]
+ ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
+ Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
+ RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]]
+ SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]]
+ SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see [[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn]])
+ Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
+ VisualCortex=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7192d7e1c7041f25a6eddc32c4f67e91.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/visual-streams.jpg 3 Visual Cortex Paths] - see [[article:Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf|Reference]] (CP.BASE-VISUAL-CORTEX-FLOWS)
-<img src="http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056.fig.001.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ IPL=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
+ IPS=[[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS|Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS]]
+ IT=[[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT|Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]]
+ LPC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
+ MI=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
+ OCC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
+ SPL=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
+ dPM=Dorsal Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.DPMC (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
+ pre-SMA=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]]
+ vPM=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e116df2107dad006a1b862497f056d16.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg|Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT]] - see [[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html|Reference]]
+* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1053810011000080-gr3.jpg Cortico-Cortical Connectivity] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Reference] (CL.CORTICO-CORTICAL-CONNECTIVITY)
-<img src="http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ AA=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]]
+ M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
+ MA=[[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]]
+ PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
+ PTHA=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
+ S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
+ SA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_SPL_SA|Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA]]
+ V1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
+ VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/df75e61c2e90c60db0f2204bcedbc309.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [[http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0028393205003568-gr1.jpg|Postero-lateral and medial views of hemisphere of human]] - see [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393205003568|Reference]]
+* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0028393205003568-gr1.jpg Postero-lateral and medial views of hemisphere of human] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393205003568 Reference] (CM.PARIETAL-OVERVIEW)
-<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0028393205003568-gr1.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ IPL=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/b9e54620163ccecc636764f6a4c4c089.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [[http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.medium.gif|IPL Receptors]] - see [[http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.expansion.html|Reference]]
+* [http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.medium.gif IPL Receptors] - see [http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.expansion.html Reference] (CM.PARIETAL-IPL-RECEPTORS)
-<img src="http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.medium.gif" alt="unavailable">
+ IPL=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/2095ecbced075e4c35da6799d9ab122c.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
@@ Line 86: / Line 204: @@
 (generated)
+* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763409002061
+* http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
 * http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056
 * http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html
+* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566
+* article:Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf
+* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080
 * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393205003568
 * http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.expansion.html