Difference between revisions of "BrainRegionNMA NC PMC F2"

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<pre style="color: green">Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex</pre>
 
<pre style="color: green">Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex</pre>
 
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNMA]] -> [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2]]
 
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNMA]] -> [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2]]
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* '''Top-down path to region''': Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]] (NC.PMC) -> Dorsal Premotor Cortex (MCA.NC.DPMC) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F2) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
 
* '''Top-down path to region''': Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]] (NC.PMC) -> Dorsal Premotor Cortex (MCA.NC.DPMC) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F2) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
 
* '''Type''': cortex
 
* '''Type''': cortex
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* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNMA|Neocortical Brain - Motor Aggregation Area]]
+
* '''Quality''': L0
 +
* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNMA|Neocortical Brain - Motor Aggregation Area]] (NMA)
 +
* '''Area circuit''': Extensor Motor (XTM)
 
* '''Brodmann ID''': 06
 
* '''Brodmann ID''': 06
 
* '''Role''': cortex.motor.extensor
 
* '''Role''': cortex.motor.extensor
 
* '''Function''': Guiding reaching
 
* '''Function''': Guiding reaching
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* '''Notes to function''': 6DC; Active during preparation for reach and also during reach itself; leg and arm; transform sensory information into motor representation; preparation and execution of motor acts
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* '''Notes to function''':  
 +
** 6DC
 +
**  Active during preparation for reach and also during reach itself
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**  leg and arm
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**  transform sensory information into motor representation
 +
**  preparation and execution of motor acts
 
(generated)
 
(generated)
 
= Components =
 
= Components =
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{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
+
| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|NCP.NC.PG.S1]] || Primary Somatosensory Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|NCP.NC.PG.S1]] || Primary Somatosensory Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_SPL_SA|NCP.NC.SPL.SA]] || Somatosensory Association Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_SPL_SA|NCP.NC.SPL.SA]] || Somatosensory Association Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || feedforward-glu || (unknown reference)
+
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|NMA.FD.TH.VA]] || Ventral Anterior Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (TH -> PMC, abstract)]
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| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|NMA.FD.TH.VA]] || Ventral Anterior Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (TH -> PMC, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|NMA.NC.PMC.F4]] || Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || (unknown reference)
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|NMA.NC.PMC.F4]] || Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5|NMA.NC.PMC.F5]] || Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || (unknown reference)
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5|NMA.NC.PMC.F5]] || Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F7|NMA.NC.PMC.F7]] || Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || (unknown reference)
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F7|NMA.NC.PMC.F7]] || Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
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|  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F3|NMA.NC.SMC.F3]] || Supplementary Motor Area || feedforward-glu || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> dPM, abstract)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F3|NMA.NC.SMC.F3]] || Supplementary Motor Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> dPM, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || Supramarginal Wernike Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846110/ Dual Auditory Processing (PPC -> DLPFC, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || Supramarginal Wernike Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846110/ Dual Auditory Processing (PPC -> DLPFC, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]] || Rostral Precuneus || feedforward-glu || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]] || Rostral Precuneus || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
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|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || Caudal Precuneus || feedforward-glu || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || Caudal Precuneus || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
 
|}
 
|}
  
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{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
+
| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED|FEC.FT.PU.MED]] || Dorsal Putamen Medial || excitatory-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED|FEC.FT.PU.MED]] || Dorsal Putamen Medial || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|NMA.NC.MC]] || Motor Cortex || feedforward-glu || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PMC -> MC, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|NMA.NC.MC]] || Motor Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PMC -> MC, abstract)]
 
|}
 
|}
  
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(generated)
 
(generated)
  
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* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference]
+
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference] (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)
  
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map: ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN ([[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM|Anteromedial Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.AM), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV|Anteroventral Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.TH.AV), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.TH.AD)), BGA=[[BrainCenter|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]], FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus]] (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCR|Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DMPFC|Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC|Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex]] (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMCG|Ventral Medial Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.VMCG), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DMCG|Dorsal Medial Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.DMCG), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_PGCG|Pregenual Cingulate Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.PGCG), [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.MC), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_PMC_CFEF|Caudal Frontal Eye Field]] (NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_PMC_AFEF|Anterior Frontal Eye Field]] (NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF), [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F2), [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F7|Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F7), [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F4), [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5|Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F5), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SMC_SEF|Supplementary Eye Field]] (NPE.NC.SMC.SEF), [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F6|Pre-Supplementary Motor Area]] (NMA.NC.SMC.F6), [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F3|Supplementary Motor Area]] (NMA.NC.SMC.F3)), LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]], OPN=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN|Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN]], ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR ([[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|Medial Superior Temporal Area]] (NPE.NC.IPL.MST), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|Supramarginal Wernike Cortex]] (NPE.NC.IPL.SMW), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex]] (NCP.NC.MPL.RSC), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex]] (NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex]] (NCP.NC.MPL.SGCG), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex]] (NCP.NC.PO.PCC), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex]] (NCP.NC.PG.S1), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2|Secondary Somatosensory Cortex]] (NCP.NC.PG.S2), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_PV|Parietal Ventral Cortex]] (NCP.NC.PG.PV), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_SPL_SA|Somatosensory Association Cortex]] (NCP.NC.SPL.SA), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|Rostral Precuneus]] (NPE.NC.SPL.PF), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|Caudal Precuneus]] (NPE.NC.SPL.PG), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_MIP|Medial Intraparietal Sulcus]] (NPE.NC.IPS.MIP), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus]] (NPE.NC.IPS.LIP), [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP|Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus]] (NSA.NC.IPS.VIP), [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP|Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus]] (NSA.NC.IPS.AIP)), Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV ([[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_IPV|Inferior Pulvinar]] (NSA.FD.TH.IPV), [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_LPV|Lateral Pulvinar]] (NSA.FD.TH.LPV), [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|Medial Pulvinar]] (NPE.FD.TH.MPV), [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_OPV|Oral Pulvinar]] (NPE.FD.TH.OPV)), RF=[[BrainCenter|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]], Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]], SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC ([[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)), SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC ([[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)), SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]], SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]], SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 ([[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL|Ventrolateral Nucleus]] (LPC.SC.VH.VL), [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL|Posterolateral Nucleus]] (LPC.SC.VH.PL), [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL|Retroposterolateral Nucleus]] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL), [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus]] (LPC.SC.VH.SAN), [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PHR|Phrenic Nucleus]] (LPC.SC.VH.PHR), [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF|Onuf's Nucleus]] (LPC.SC.VH.ONF)), Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST ([[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|Nucleus Accumbens Core]] (FEC.FT.ACC.CORE), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|Nucleus Accumbens Shell]] (FEC.FT.ACC.SH), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_VT|Ventral Putamen]] (FEC.FT.PU.VT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_HD|Caudate Nucleus Head]] (FEC.FT.CN.HD), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD|Caudate Nucleus Body]] (FEC.FT.CN.BD), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_TL|Caudate Nucleus Tail]] (FEC.FT.CN.TL), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT|Dorsal Putamen Lateral]] (FEC.FT.PU.LT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED|Dorsal Putamen Medial]] (FEC.FT.PU.MED)), VisualCortex=[[BrainCenter|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
+
ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
−
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7192d7e1c7041f25a6eddc32c4f67e91.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
BGA=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 +
FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 +
LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
 +
OPN=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN|Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN]]
 +
ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
 +
Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
 +
RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 +
Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
 +
SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 +
SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 +
SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]]
 +
SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]]
 +
SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see [[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn]])
 +
Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
VisualCortex=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7192d7e1c7041f25a6eddc32c4f67e91.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/motor_top.jpg Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior] - see [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Reference]
+
* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/motor_top.jpg Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior] - see [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Reference] (CM.PFC-MOTOR)
  
−
map: CN.PU=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST ([[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|Nucleus Accumbens Core]] (FEC.FT.ACC.CORE), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|Nucleus Accumbens Shell]] (FEC.FT.ACC.SH), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_VT|Ventral Putamen]] (FEC.FT.PU.VT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_HD|Caudate Nucleus Head]] (FEC.FT.CN.HD), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD|Caudate Nucleus Body]] (FEC.FT.CN.BD), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_TL|Caudate Nucleus Tail]] (FEC.FT.CN.TL), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT|Dorsal Putamen Lateral]] (FEC.FT.PU.LT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED|Dorsal Putamen Medial]] (FEC.FT.PU.MED)), CR=[[BrainCenter|Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC]], GP=Globus Pallidus,FEC.FT.GP ([[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_LT|Globus Pallidus External Lateral]] (FEC.FT.GPE.LT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_MED|Globus Pallidus External Medial]] (FEC.FT.GPE.MED), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_DS|Globus Pallidus External Dorsal]] (FEC.FT.GPE.DS), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_RM|Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial]] (FEC.FT.GPE.RM), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_DL|Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral]] (FEC.FT.GPE.DL), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_LT|Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral]] (FEC.FT.GPI.LT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_MED|Globus Pallidus Internal Medial]] (FEC.FT.GPI.MED), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DS|Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal]] (FEC.FT.GPI.DS), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_RM|Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial]] (FEC.FT.GPI.RM), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DL|Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral]] (FEC.FT.GPI.DL), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_DL|Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral]] (FEC.FT.VP.DL), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM|Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial]] (FEC.FT.VP.VM)), LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL)), MC=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]], PMC=[[BrainCenter|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]], PN=Pontine Nuclear Complex,HT.PN ([[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus]] (LPC.HT.PN.PTR), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PN_PBB|Pontobulbar Body]] (LLC.HT.PN.PBB), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PN_RSP|Rostral Pontine Nucleus]] (LLC.HT.PN.RSP), [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_LL|Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus]] (LPC.HT.PN.LL)), SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN ([[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral]] (FEC.FT.SNC.LT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial]] (FEC.FT.SNC.MED), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral]] (FEC.FT.SNR.DL), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_RM|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial]] (FEC.FT.SNR.RM), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_VL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral]] (FEC.FT.SNR.VL), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial]] (FEC.FT.SNR.MED)), TH=Ventral Thalamus,FD.TH.VTH ([[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus]] (NMA.FD.TH.VA), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus]] (NMA.FD.TH.VL))
+
CN.PU=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
−
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/474417556f95e6d518821367eef6716a.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
CR=[[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC]]
 +
GP=Globus Pallidus,FEC.FT.GP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
MC=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 +
PMC=[[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]]
 +
PN=Pontine Nuclear Complex,HT.PN (see [[BrainCenterHT_SN|Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei]])
 +
SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
TH=Ventral Thalamus,FD.TH.VTH (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_MR|Motor Thalamus]])
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/474417556f95e6d518821367eef6716a.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1053810011000080-gr3.jpg Cortico-Cortical Connectivity] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Reference]
+
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1053810011000080-gr3.jpg Cortico-Cortical Connectivity] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Reference] (CL.CORTICO-CORTICAL-CONNECTIVITY)
  
−
map: A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], AA=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]], M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]], MA=[[BrainCenter|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]], PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus]] (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCR|Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DMPFC|Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC|Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)), PTHA=[[BrainCenter|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]], S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]], SA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_SPL_SA|Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA]], V1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]], VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 ([[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V2TN|Secondary Visual Cortex, Thin Stripe]] (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TN), [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V2TK|Secondary Visual Cortex, Thick Stripe]] (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TK), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V2PL|Secondary Visual Cortex, Pale Stripe]] (NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL))
+
A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
−
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/df75e61c2e90c60db0f2204bcedbc309.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
AA=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]]
 +
M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 +
MA=[[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]]
 +
PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 +
PTHA=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
 +
S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
SA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_SPL_SA|Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA]]
 +
V1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
 +
VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/df75e61c2e90c60db0f2204bcedbc309.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0893608098000471-gr6.gif Primate Control of Grasping] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Reference]
+
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0893608098000471-gr6.gif Primate Control of Grasping] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Reference] (CM.GRASPING-CONTROL)
  
−
map: 46=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL)), AIP=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP|Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP]], BG=[[BrainCenter|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]], BTH=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]], F1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]], F2=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F2]], F4=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F4]], F5=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5|Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F5]], F6=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F6|Pre-Supplementary Motor Area,NMA.NC.SMC.F6]], IT=[[BrainCenter|Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]], PIP=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF ([[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_MIP|Medial Intraparietal Sulcus]] (NPE.NC.IPS.MIP), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus]] (NPE.NC.IPS.LIP)), S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]], S2=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]], VC=[[BrainCenter|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]], VIP=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP|Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]]
+
46=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
−
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/a2a7d1647f97dffbf0bc8e8d275ab006.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
AIP=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP|Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP]]
 +
BG=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 +
BTH=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
 +
F1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 +
F2=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F2]]
 +
F4=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F4]]
 +
F5=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5|Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F5]]
 +
F6=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F6|Pre-Supplementary Motor Area,NMA.NC.SMC.F6]]
 +
IT=[[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT|Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]]
 +
PIP=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see [[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS|Intraparietal Sulcus]])
 +
S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
S2=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
VC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
 +
VIP=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP|Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/a2a7d1647f97dffbf0bc8e8d275ab006.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
  

Latest revision as of 18:33, 28 April 2019

Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex

@@Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaNMA -> BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2

This page covers biological details of component Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

  • Top-down path to region: Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> Premotor Cortex (NC.PMC) -> Dorsal Premotor Cortex (MCA.NC.DPMC) -> Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F2) (see Mind Maps)
  • Type: cortex
  • Quality: L0
  • Brain area: Neocortical Brain - Motor Aggregation Area (NMA)
  • Area circuit: Extensor Motor (XTM)
  • Brodmann ID: 06
  • Role: cortex.motor.extensor
  • Function: Guiding reaching
  • Notes to function:
    • 6DC
    • Active during preparation for reach and also during reach itself
    • leg and arm
    • transform sensory information into motor representation
    • preparation and execution of motor acts

(generated)

Components

(generated)


  • no child items defined

Connectivity

(generated)


NMA.NC.PMC.F2.dot.png

Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Source Region Source Name Type Role Reference
NCP NCP.NC.PG.S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
NCP.NC.SPL.SA Somatosensory Association Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)
NDM NDM.NC.AL.VACG Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area feedforward-glu uncertain (unknown reference)
NMA NMA.FD.TH.VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus excitatory-glu uncertain Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (TH -> PMC, abstract)
NMA.NC.PMC.F4 Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain (unknown reference)
NMA.NC.PMC.F5 Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain (unknown reference)
NMA.NC.PMC.F7 Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain (unknown reference)
NMA.NC.SMC.F3 Supplementary Motor Area feedforward-glu uncertain 3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> dPM, abstract)
NPE NPE.NC.IPL.SMW Supramarginal Wernike Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain Dual Auditory Processing (PPC -> DLPFC, abstract)
NPE.NC.SPL.PF Rostral Precuneus feedforward-glu uncertain 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)
NPE.NC.SPL.PG Caudal Precuneus feedforward-glu uncertain 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)

Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Target Region Target Name Type Role Reference
FEC FEC.FT.PU.MED Dorsal Putamen Medial excitatory-glu uncertain Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
NMA NMA.NC.MC Motor Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PMC -> MC, abstract)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated) 

ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
BGA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
OPN=Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN
ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see Sensory Thalamus)
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see Anterior/Ventral Horn)
Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC


CN.PU=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
CR=Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC
GP=Globus Pallidus,FEC.FT.GP (see Basal Ganglia)
LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
MC=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
PMC=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC
PN=Pontine Nuclear Complex,HT.PN (see Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei)
SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see Basal Ganglia)
TH=Ventral Thalamus,FD.TH.VTH (see Motor Thalamus)


A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
AA=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3
M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
MA=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC
PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
PTHA=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL
S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
SA=Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA
V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe)


46=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
AIP=Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP
BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
BTH=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA
F1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
F2=Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F2
F4=Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F4
F5=Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F5
F6=Pre-Supplementary Motor Area,NMA.NC.SMC.F6
IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT
PIP=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see Intraparietal Sulcus)
S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
S2=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
VIP=Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP


References

(generated)

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