BrainCenterMM REF

Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon

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This page covers biological details of component group Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon. Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

• Top-down path to center: Midbrain Mesencephalon -> Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF) (see Mind Maps)
• Function:
• Notes to function: Generate simple motor signal by sensory without cortex

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

• Auditory Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.AUD)
  • Inferior Colliculus (ABA.MM.IC)
    • Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LPC.MM.CIC): Integrate and relay auditory information to cortex, detection of pitch, spatial localization by binaural hearing
    • External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LRC.MM.EIC): Middle ear reflex
  • Superior Olivary Complex (LPC.MM.SOC): Bilateral Audition
• Visual Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.VIS)
  • Superior Colliculus (MM.SC): Direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric space, induce saccadic eye movement
    • Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP): Head and eye attention to visual stimuli
    • Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT): Sensimotor integration for orienting
    • Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP): Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli
  • Supraoculomotor Area (VBA.MM.SOA): Control of vergence
    • Cajal Nucleus (LRC.MM.CJ): Integration of head and eye movements, controls downward vertical gaze
    • Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF (LRC.MM.RIMLF): Integration of head and eye movements, controls upward vertical gaze
    • Darkschewitsch Nucleus (LRC.MM.DSCH): Mediate the consensual pupillary light reflex
  • Pretectum (MM.PT)
    • Anterior Pretectum Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PTA): Mediate somatosensory and nociceptive information
    • Nucleus of Optic Tract (LRC.MM.PT.NOT): Encode retinal error information during smooth pursuit eye movements
    • Pretectal Olivary Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PON): Pupillary light reflex and modulating subcortical nuclei involved in circadian rhythms
    • Principal Pretectal Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PR): Pupillary light reflex
    • Sublentiform Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.SL): Accomodation reflex

Connectivity

(generated)

Internal Regions Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Reference
Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LPC.MM.CIC)	External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LRC.MM.EIC)	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICC -> ICx, abstract)
Superior Olivary Complex (LPC.MM.SOC)	Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LPC.MM.CIC)	Auditory System in Brain (Olive -> IC, abstract)
External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LRC.MM.EIC)	Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT)	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICx -> SC, abstract)
Nucleus of Optic Tract (LRC.MM.PT.NOT)	Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP)	(unknown reference)
Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)	Cajal Nucleus (LRC.MM.CJ)	Summary of eye movement control (SC -> riMLF, abstract)
Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT)	Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)
Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP)	Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT)	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)

External Connections:

External Inbound Center Connections:

Source Center	Sample Link	Reference
Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM)	FAM.FT.AM.LAVM -> LPC.MM.CIC	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)
Hypothalamus (FD.HT)	LAC.FD.HT.SCN -> LRC.MM.PT.NOT	(unknown reference)
Sensory Thalamus (FD.TH.SR)	NSA.FD.LGN -> LRC.MM.PT.NOT	(unknown reference)
Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG)	FEC.FT.SNR.DL -> LRC.MM.SC.INT	Global visual system (SNr -> SCi, abstract)
Myelencephalic Motor Nuclei (HL.MN)	LRC.HL.NPH -> LRC.MM.PT.NOT	(unknown reference)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HL.SN)	LPC.HL.DCOCH -> LPC.MM.CIC	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (DCN -> ICC, abstract)
Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HT.SN)	LPC.HT.PN.LL -> LPC.MM.CIC	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNLL -> ICC, abstract)
Pontine Tegmental Nuclei (HT.TG)	FEC.HT.PPN.IPD -> LRC.MM.SC.INT	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)
Cerebellar Complex (LLC.HT.CRC)	LLC.HT.CR.GN -> LRC.MM.DSCH	(unknown reference)
Retina (LPC.FD.RT)	LPC.FD.RT -> LRC.MM.PT.NOT	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
Vestibular Nucleus (LPC.HT.VBN)	LPC.HT.MVBN -> LRC.MM.DSCH	(unknown reference)
Inferior Parietal Lobule (NC.IPL)	NPE.NC.IPL.MST -> LRC.MM.SC.SUP	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)
Occipital Lobe (NC.LOBE.OCC)	NPE.NC.OCC.V3D -> LRC.MM.CJ	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)
Premotor Cortex (NC.PMC)	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF -> LRC.MM.CJ	Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> riMLF, abstract)
Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS)	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP -> LRC.MM.CJ	Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)
Transverse Temporal Gyrus (NSA.NC.TTG)	NSA.NC.TTG.A1 -> LPC.MM.CIC	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AC -> IC, abstract)

External Outbound Center Connections:

Target Center	Sample Link	Reference
Cognitive Thalamus (FD.TH.CR)	LRC.MM.SC.INT -> FMM.FD.TH.AD	Global visual system (SCi -> ATH, abstract)
Motor Thalamus (FD.TH.MR)	LRC.MM.PT.PTA -> NPE.FD.TH.LP	(unknown reference)
Sensory Thalamus (FD.TH.SR)	LPC.MM.CIC -> NSA.FD.TH.MGB	Auditory System in Brain (IC -> MGB, abstract)
Subthalamus Area (FEC.FD.STA)	LRC.MM.PT.PTA -> FEC.FD.STN.ICD	(unknown reference)
Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG)	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP -> FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Global visual system (SCi -> SNc, abstract)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HL.SN)	LRC.MM.DSCH -> LLC.HL.IO	(unknown reference)
Pontine Reticular Formation (HT.RF)	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP -> LLC.HT.PRF.PDT	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)
Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HT.SN)	LPC.MM.SOC -> LPC.HT.PN.LL	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (LSO -> DNLL)
Abducens Nucleus (LPC.HT.ABD)	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP -> LPC.HT.ABD	Retina and superior colliculus targets (SC -> Abducens, abstract)
Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.PER)	LRC.MM.CJ -> LPC.MM.OCN	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> Oculomotor, abstract)
Mesencephalic Reticular Formation (MM.RF)	LRC.MM.SC.SUP -> LRC.MM.RP.RIP	Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (SC -> RIP, abstract)
Anterior/Ventral Horn (SC.VH)	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP -> LPC.SC.VH.SAN	(unknown reference)
Ear (TARGET.TSA.EAR)	LPC.MM.SOC -> TARGET.TSA.EAR	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNTB -> Cochlea)