BrainCenterMM REF

Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon

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This page covers biological details of component group Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon. Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

• Top-down path to center: Midbrain Mesencephalon -> Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF) (see Mind Maps)
• Function:
• Notes to function: Generate simple motor signal by sensory without cortex

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

• Auditory Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.AUD)
  • Inferior Colliculus (ABA.MM.IC)
    • Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LPC.MM.CIC): Integrate and relay auditory information to cortex, detection of pitch, spatial localization by binaural hearing
    • External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LRC.MM.EIC): Middle ear reflex
  • Superior Olivary Complex (LPC.MM.SOC): Bilateral Audition
• Visual Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.VIS)
  • Superior Colliculus (MM.SC): Direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric space, induce saccadic eye movement
    • Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP): Head and eye attention to visual stimuli
    • Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT): Sensimotor integration for orienting
    • Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP): Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli
  • Supraoculomotor Area (VBA.MM.SOA): Control of vergence
    • Cajal Nucleus (LRC.MM.CJ): Integration of head and eye movements, controls downward vertical gaze
    • Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF (LRC.MM.RIMLF): Integration of head and eye movements, controls upward vertical gaze
    • Darkschewitsch Nucleus (LRC.MM.DSCH): Mediate the consensual pupillary light reflex
  • Pretectum (MM.PT)
    • Anterior Pretectum Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PTA): Mediate somatosensory and nociceptive information
    • Nucleus of Optic Tract (LRC.MM.PT.NOT): Encode retinal error information during smooth pursuit eye movements
    • Pretectal Olivary Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PON): Pupillary light reflex and modulating subcortical nuclei involved in circadian rhythms
    • Principal Pretectal Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PR): Pupillary light reflex
    • Sublentiform Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.SL): Accomodation reflex

Connectivity

(generated)

Internal Regions Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Reference
Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LPC.MM.CIC)	External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LRC.MM.EIC)	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICC -> ICx, abstract)
Superior Olivary Complex (LPC.MM.SOC)	Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LPC.MM.CIC)	Auditory System in Brain (Olive -> IC, abstract)
External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LRC.MM.EIC)	Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT)	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICx -> SC, abstract)
Nucleus of Optic Tract (LRC.MM.PT.NOT)	Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP)	(unknown reference)
Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)	Cajal Nucleus (LRC.MM.CJ)	Summary of eye movement control (SC -> riMLF, abstract)
Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT)	Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)
Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP)	Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT)	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)

External Connections:

External Inbound Center Connections:

Source Center	Reference
Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM)	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)
Hypothalamus (FD.HT)	(unknown reference)
Thalamus (FD.TH)	(unknown reference)
Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG)	Global visual system (SNr -> SCi, abstract)
Myelencephalic Motor Nuclei (HL.MN)	(unknown reference)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HL.SN)	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (DCN -> ICC, abstract)
Pontine Nuclear Complex (HT.PN)	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNLL -> ICC, abstract)
Pontine Tegmental Nuclei (HT.TG)	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)
Cerebellar Complex (LLC.HT.CRC)	(unknown reference)
Retina (LPC.FD.RT)	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
Vestibular Nucleus (LPC.HT.VBN)	(unknown reference)
Inferior Parietal Lobule (NC.IPL)	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)
Occipital Lobe (NC.LOBE.OCC)	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)
Premotor Cortex (NC.PMC)	Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> riMLF, abstract)
Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS)	Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)
Transverse Temporal Gyrus (NSA.NC.TTG)	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AC -> IC, abstract)

External Outbound Center Connections:

Target Center	Reference
Thalamus (FD.TH)	Auditory System in Brain (IC -> MGB, abstract)
Subthalamus Area (FEC.FD.STA)	(unknown reference)
Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG)	Global visual system (SCi -> SNc, abstract)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HL.SN)	(unknown reference)
Pontine Nuclear Complex (HT.PN)	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (LSO -> DNLL)
Pontine Reticular Formation (HT.RF)	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)
Abducens Nucleus (LPC.HT.ABD)	Retina and superior colliculus targets (SC -> Abducens, abstract)
Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.PER)	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> Oculomotor, abstract)
Mesencephalic Reticular Formation (MM.RF)	Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (SC -> RIP, abstract)
Anterior/Ventral Horn (SC.VH)	(unknown reference)
Ear (TARGET.TSA.EAR)	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNTB -> Cochlea)