BrainAreaNMA

Motor Aggregation Area

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Local Circuits

(generated)

ID	Name	Regions
FLM	Flexor Motor	NMA.FD.TH.VL, NMA.NC.MC
SEQ	Complex Motor	NMA.FD.TH.MDL, NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF, NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF, NMA.NC.SMC.F3, NMA.NC.SMC.F6, NMA.NC.SMC.SEF
XTM	Extensor Motor	NMA.FD.TH.VA, NMA.NC.PMC.F2, NMA.NC.PMC.F4, NMA.NC.PMC.F5, NMA.NC.PMC.F7

Flexor Motor

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NMA.FD.TH.VL	Ventral Lateral Nucleus	nucleus	NMU	Relay BSA.CR to MCA.MC	Executive motor
NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	cortex, BA 04	NMU	Execution of required voluntary movements	F1; Encode individual movements

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
NMA.FD.TH.VL	NMA.NC.MC	nucleus-neocortex	Thalamocortical relationships (VL -> pVL)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	NMA.NC.MC	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PMC -> MC, abstract)
		NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F5 -> F1)
NSA	NMA.NC.MC	NSA.NC.PG.PV	Parietal Ventral Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
		NSA.NC.PG.S1	Primary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (S1 -> M1)
		NSA.NC.PG.S2	Secondary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.FD.TH.VL	FEC.FT.GPI.LT	Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (s2VL -> VL, abstract)
LLC	NMA.FD.TH.VL	LLC.HT.CR.DN	Dentate Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Thalamocortical relationships (s1VL -> VL)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	NMA.FD.TH.VL	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	nucleus-neocortex	Basal Ganglia Activity (VLo -> PMC, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	nucleus-neocortex	Basal Ganglia Activity (VLo -> SMC, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.NC.MC	FEC.FD.STN.LT	Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral	neocortex-nucleus	Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (MC -> STN, abstract)
		FEC.FT.PU.LT	Dorsal Putamen Lateral	neocortex-nucleus	Basal Ganglia Activity (M1 -> PU, abstract)
LLC	NMA.NC.MC	LLC.HT.PN.PBB	Pontobulbar Body	neocortex-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (MC -> PN, abstract)
		LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
		LLC.HT.TG.PPN	Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> PNN, abstract)
LPC	NMA.NC.MC	LPC.HL.AMB	Ambiguus Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.VH.ONF	Onuf's Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.PL	Posterolateral Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.PM	Posteromedial Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.RPL	Retroposterolateral Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)
LRC	NMA.NC.MC	LRC.HT.PRF.CRF	Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)

Complex Motor

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NMA.FD.TH.MDL	Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus	NPU	relay tegmentum to dorsal cingulate cortex	Relay Superior Colliculus, TH-LD, LDTG, IPD to ACCdl
NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	cortex, BA 08	NMU	Head and eye movements toward auditory stimuli	longer saccades, dorsomedial - 8A (8Ac, 8Am), but not 8Ar; 8Ac - saccades
NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF	Caudal Frontal Eye Field	cortex, BA 08	NMU	Head and eye movements toward visual stimuli	shorter saccades
NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	cortex, BA 06	NMU	Movement execution; Numerical and verbal mental-operation tasks	from TH/VLo from from putamen; F1/F2/F4/24d - strong; F6/F7/F5/24c - modest; no input from the prefrontal lobe
NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	cortex, BA 06	NMU	High level motor functions; Numerical and verbal mental-operation tasks	from TH/VLpc, MD from caudate, CR; F5/24c/46; no connections with F1
NMA.NC.SMC.SEF	Supplementary Eye Field	cortex, BA 06	NMU	high level aspects of saccade control	Complex spatial transformations, learned transformations, and executive cognitive functions; dorsorostral of F7

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
NMA.FD.TH.MDL	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	nucleus-neocortex	Oculomotor decision-making (Thalamus -> FEF, abstract)
NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
NMA.NC.SMC.SEF	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	neocortex-neocortex	Summary of eye movement control (SEF -> FEF, abstract)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (LPFC -> PMC, abstract)
	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR	Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (46 -> F6, abstract)
	NMA.NC.SMC.SEF	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR	Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (LPC -> pre-SMA, abstract)
NMA	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	NMA.FD.TH.VA	Ventral Anterior Nucleus	nucleus-neocortex	Thalamocortical relationships (VA -> pVA, abstract)
		NMA.NC.PMC.F4	Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	NMA.FD.TH.VA	Ventral Anterior Nucleus	nucleus-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (BTH -> F6)
		NMA.FD.TH.VL	Ventral Lateral Nucleus	nucleus-neocortex	Basal Ganglia Activity (VLo -> SMC, abstract)
NPE	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	NPE.NC.BRA.PO	Broca's Area Pars Opercularis	neocortex-neocortex	Cortical Auditory System (IFC44 -> PMC8, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	Summary of eye movement control (PEF -> FEF, abstract)
	NMA.NC.SMC.SEF	NPE.NC.SPL.PG	Caudal Precuneus	neocortex-neocortex	Movement Planning (PPC -> SMC, abstract)
NSA	NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF	NSA.NC.IT.TE	Inferotemporal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Saccades and smooth movements (TEF -> FEF, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.FD.TH.MDL	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)
		FEC.FT.VP.DL	Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	NMA.FD.TH.MDL	NDM.NC.AL.DACG	Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area	nucleus-neocortex	Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
NMA	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Cortical Auditory System (PMC8 -> PMC6, abstract)
		NMA.NC.PMC.F7	Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> dPM, abstract)
		NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> vPM, abstract)
	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> F4)
		NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> F5)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	FEC.FD.STN.MED	Subthalamic Nucleus Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (FEF -> STN, abstract)
		FEC.FT.CN.BD	Caudate Nucleus Body	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	FEC.FT.PU.MED	Dorsal Putamen Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	FEC.FD.STN.MED	Subthalamic Nucleus Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Serotonin regulation of subthalamic neurons (CTX -> STN, abstract)
		FEC.FT.PU.MED	Dorsal Putamen Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> BG, abstract)
LLC	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
LRC	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> MRF, abstract)
		LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
		LRC.MM.CJ	Cajal Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> riMLF, abstract)
		LRC.MM.DSCH	Darkschewitsch Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	neocortex-nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> SC, abstract)
	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> MRF, abstract)
		LRC.HT.PRF.CRF	Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
	NMA.NC.SMC.SEF	LRC.MM.RP.RIP	Raphe Interpositus Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (FEFSEF -> RIP, abstract)

Extensor Motor

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NMA.FD.TH.VA	Ventral Anterior Nucleus	nucleus	NMU	Relay BGA.SN, BGA.GPI, FCA.OMPFC, FCA.CG to MCA.PMC, MCA.SMC	Cognitive motor
NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	cortex, BA 06	NMU	Guiding reaching	6DC; Active during preparation for reach and also during reach itself; leg and arm; transform sensory information into motor representation; preparation and execution of motor acts
NMA.NC.PMC.F4	Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex	cortex, BA 06	NMU	Sensory guidance of movement	6VC; Neurons are especially sensitive to objects in space immediately surrounding body; move head, face and arm
NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	cortex, BA 06	NMU	Shaping hand during grasping	6VR; Mirror neurons - both sensory and motor; arm; F5c=convexity - F1/F4/F2VR/F6/F3/24d/24c, F5p=posterior - F3/F4/F1/24c/24a, F5a=anterior - F4/F6/24c/24d/24a/46v/12r/12l
NMA.NC.PMC.F7	Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex	cortex, BA 06	NMU	Associate arbitrary sensory stimuli with specific eye movements	6DR; Can evoke eye movements; strong afferents from DLPFC; convey inputs to caudal concerning motivation, long term plans, memory of past actions; integrates sensory and internally driven inputs for planning of goal-directed actions

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
NMA.FD.TH.VA	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	nucleus-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (TH -> PMC, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	nucleus-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (BTH -> F5)
NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	NMA.FD.TH.VA	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (LPFC -> TH, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	NDM.NC.AL.VACG	Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (LPFC -> PMC, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NDM.NC.AL.DACG	Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
		NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR	Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (LPFC -> PMC, abstract)
NMA	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> dPM, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> F4)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NMA.FD.TH.VL	Ventral Lateral Nucleus	nucleus-neocortex	Basal Ganglia Activity (VLo -> PMC, abstract)
		NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-neocortex	Cortical Auditory System (PMC8 -> PMC6, abstract)
		NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF	Caudal Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> vPM, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> F5)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
NPE	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	Supramarginal Wernike Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Dual Auditory Processing (PPC -> DLPFC, abstract)
		NPE.NC.SPL.PF	Rostral Precuneus	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)
		NPE.NC.SPL.PG	Caudal Precuneus	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)
		NPE.NC.SPL.SA	Somatosensory Association Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	Medial Superior Temporal Area	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)
		NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	Supramarginal Wernike Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
NSA	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	NSA.NC.PG.S1	Primary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NSA.NC.IPS.AIP	Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (AIP -> F4)
		NSA.NC.IPS.VIP	Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (VIP -> F4)
		NSA.NC.STG.A3	Wernicke's area A3	neocortex-neocortex	Dual Auditory Processing (ST -> VLPFC, abstract)
		NSA.NC.STG.A4	Wernicke's area A4	neocortex-neocortex	Language-Related Regions (pSTC -> PMC, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NSA.NC.IPS.AIP	Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (AIP -> F5)
		NSA.NC.PG.S1	Primary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (S2 -> F5)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NSA.NC.TTG.A1	Primary Auditory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Dual Auditory Processing (A1 -> DLPFC, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.FD.TH.VA	FEC.FT.GPI.DS	Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)
		FEC.FT.GPI.MED	Globus Pallidus Internal Medial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)
		FEC.FT.SNR.DL	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)
LRC	NMA.FD.TH.VA	LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Saccadic Vision (SCi -> Thalamus, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (MA -> PFC, abstract)
NMA	NMA.FD.TH.VA	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	nucleus-neocortex	Thalamocortical relationships (VA -> pVA, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	nucleus-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (BTH -> F6)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PMC -> MC, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F5 -> F1)
NPE	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NPE.NC.SPL.SA	Somatosensory Association Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (MA -> SA, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	FEC.FT.PU.MED	Dorsal Putamen Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	FEC.FT.PU.MED	Dorsal Putamen Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Primate Control of Grasping (F5 -> BG, abstract)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• Primate Control of Grasping - see Reference

• Thalamocortical relationships - see Reference

• Basal Ganglia Activity - see Reference

• Normal Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia - see Reference

• Oculomotor decision-making - see Reference

• Summary of eye movement control - see Reference

• Cortical Auditory System - see Reference

• Two extended parallel pathways for decision making - see Reference

• 3 Visual Cortex Paths - see Reference

• Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus - see Reference

• Sensimotor Nerves - see Reference

• Sensimotor Interactions - see Reference

• Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior - see Reference

• Divisions of Cortical Motor System - see Reference

• Motor Cortices (unknown reference)

• Corticospinal pathway - see Reference

• Cortico-Cortical Connectivity - see Reference

• Cerebellum functional divisions - see Reference

References

(generated)

• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471
• http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/
• http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html
• http://www.mdvu.org/library/disease/pd/par_path.asp
• http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
• http://www.cixip.com/index.php/page/content/id/1190
• http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n6/fig_tab/nn.2331_F5.html
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438807000323
• article:Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf
• http://www.neurology.org/content/70/21/1991/F2.expansion.html
• http://aids.hallym.ac.kr/d/kns/tutor/chap2-bn.html
• https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627307007118
• http://brainmind.com
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080
• http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm