MindTractsDT

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Biological Mind Tracts

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> MindTracts -> MindTractsDT

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This page is intended to describe set of descending tracts

Contents

Tract Details

(generated)

TRACT SET: Descending Tracts

unavailable

    • TRACT ATS: autonomic tracts system (descending autonomic fibers); directs activity of glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscle; path: {cortex, HT, AM, RF} -> {sympathetic and parasympathetic}
  • TRACT HTST: hypothalamospinal tract; control autonomic components (descend in dorsolateral funiculus; oculosympathetic pathway; next to superior cervical ganglion to common carotid - internal carotid - long ciliary nerves to pupillary dilator); path: {paraventrical nucleus of hypothalamus} -> {IML, sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons; ciliospinal center of IML (T1,T2)}
  • TRACT SSS: solitariospinal system; autonomic control of breathing (respiratory, vomiting and micturition functions); path: {ventrolateral solitary nucleus, retroambiguus nucleus} -> {diaphragm}
    • unavailable
    • TRACT SSET: solitariospinal expiratory tract; facilitate expiratory motor neurons to intercostal muscles (nucleus ambiguus - cranial division innervates muscles of the ipsilateral accessory muscles of respiration, principally via the vagus; nucleus retroambiguus - caudal division provides inspiratory and expiratory drive to the motor neurones of the intercostal muscles); path: {parabrachial nucleus to nucleus ambiguus, nucleus retroambiguus} -> {internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles}
    • TRACT SSIT: solitariospinal inpiratory tract; facilitate inspiratory motor neurons in phrenic nucleus (neck muscles, external intercostal muscles - conscious forced inspiration; pneumotaxic center = medial parabrachial nucleus + kolliker-fuse nucleus, breathing frequency); path: {kolliker-fuse nucleus, receptors to solitary nucleus} -> {phrenic nucleus, inspiratory; diaphragm}
    • TRACT ESS: extensor somatic system; control extensor muscles
  • TRACT ACST: anterior corticospinal tract (ventral corticospinal tract); extensor motor, pyramidal tract, conscious (premotor BA 6, parietal BA 1,2,3)
  • TRACT MLFS: medial longitudinal fasciculus system; connects the cranial nerve nuclei III (oculomotor nerve), IV (trochlear nerve) and VI (abducens nerve) together, and integrates movements directed by the gaze centers (frontal eye field) and information about head movement (from cranial nerve VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve) (connects together III, IV, and VI; integral component of saccadic eye movements as well as vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes; tectospinal and vestibulospinal); path: {vestibular nucleus} -> {}
    • TRACT TCST: tectospinal tract; mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to visual and auditory stimuli (extrapyramidal; in response to bright and sudden movements and loud noises)
      • unavailable
      • path TCST.DEEP: coordinates head and eye movements; mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to visual stimuli (from deep layers of the superior colliculus; projects to contralateral and ipsilateral portion of first cervical neuromeres of spinal cord, oculomotor and trochlear nuclei and abducens nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP -> Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN
      • path TCST.INT: coordinates head and eye movements; mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to auditory and somatosensory stimuli (from intermediate layers of the superior colliculus; projects to contralateral and ipsilateral portion of first cervical neuromeres of spinal cord, oculomotor and trochlear nuclei and abducens nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP -> Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN
    • TRACT VST: vestibulospinal tract; alter muscle tone, extend, and change position of limbs and head with goal of supporting posture and maintaining balance of body and head; maintain balance and to stabilize the visual image on the retina during head movements (extrapyramidal; proximal muscles, postural control; activates extensors, inhibits flexors; vestibular nuclei receive their primary input from the vestibular portion of C.N. VIII - vestibular-auditory)
      • unavailable
      • TRACT LVST: lateral vestibulospinal tract; maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in legs (also innervates muscles of the trunk, thus additionally aiding in body posture; lateral vestibular nuclei receive input from cerebellum); path: {lateral vestibular nucleus; additional input from superior and inferior vestibular nuclei} -> {extensor muscles of legs}
        • unavailable
        • path LVST.PATH: maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in legs (originating in lateral, superior, and inferior vestibular nuclei (primarily the lateral); projects ipsilaterally down to lumbar region of spinal cord); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: Lateral Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.LVBN -> Ventrolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VL
      • TRACT MVST: medial vestibulospinal tract; controls position of the head, neck, and eyes in response to changes in posture (controlling lower motor neurons associated with the spinal accessory nerve - CN XI; additionally, projects superiorly to the paramedian pontine reticular formation, indirectly innervating the nuclei of CN VI and III); path: {medial vestibular nucleus} -> {spinal accessory nucleus, paramedian pontine reticular formation; found only in cervical spine and above}
  • TRACT RTSS: reticulospinal system; locomotion and postural control (extrapyramidal; proximal muscles, postural control; integrates information from the motor systems to coordinate automatic movements of locomotion and posture; facilitates and inhibits voluntary movement; influences muscle tone; mediates autonomic functions; modulates pain impulses; influences blood flow to lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus)
    • unavailable
    • TRACT MRST: medullary reticulospinal tract (lateral reticulospinal tract); inhibiting excitatory axial extensor muscles of movement; path: {Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus} -> {extensor muscles, all levels of spinal cord}
    • TRACT PRST: pontine reticulospinal tract (medial reticulospinal tract); exciting anti-gravity, extensor muscles; mediate postural adjustments in response to startling stimuli; path: {Pontine Reticular Formation } -> {extensor muscles, all levels of spinal cord}
    • TRACT FSS: flexor somatic system; control flexor muscles
  • TRACT CBT: corticobulbar tract; carrying the motor function of the non-oculomotor cranial nerves (V, VII, XI, and XII; indirectly - via IX and X in nucleus ambiguus)
  • TRACT LSTT: lateral corticospinal tract; flexor motor, pyramidal tract, conscious; volitional skilled motor activity (90 percents of corticospinal fibers; 80 percents - contrallateral; 10 percents - unilateral; cervical-medial, thoracic, lumbar-lateral, distal muscles, decussating to contralateral and ipsilateral); path: {cortex BA 1-4,6} -> {muscle groups that require concentration and conscious thought to control; upper limb digits}
  • TRACT RBST: rubrospinal tract; mediation of voluntary movement, upper limbs; control of flexor tone (extrapyramidal; activates flexors, inhibits extensors; pattern locomotion, inhibit reflex activity in spinal cord)
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