MindTracts

Biological Mind Tracts

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This page is intended to describe set of physically existing tracts connecting set of regions across mind.

Sensory and Motor Root Neurons

(generated)

Motor Endings:

• Alpha motoneurons (MA): generate large force
  • FF-type alpha motoneurons (MA-FF): fast-twitch fatigable; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={abducent nerve; accessory nerve, external; accessory nerve, internal; ansa cervicalis; auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch; auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch; axillary nerve, anterior branch; axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii; cochlear nerve; common peroneal nerve, articular branches; cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal; dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis; dorsal scapular nerve; facial nerve, buccal branch; facial nerve, cervical branch; facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch; facial nerve, mouth opening muscles; facial nerve, temporal branch; facial nerve, zygomatic branch; femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor; femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor; fibular nerve, deep; first intercostal nerve; genitofemoral nerve, genital; glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch; gluteal nerve, inferior; gluteal nerve, superior; hypoglossal nerve; inferior rectal nerve; laryngeal nerve, external; lateral pectoral nerve; long thoracic nerve; medial pectoral nerve; median nerve, motor, forearm innervation; median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation; motor nerves of back, extensors; motor nerves of back, flexors; musculocutaneous nerve, motor; mylohyoid nerve; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles; nerve to geniohyoid; nerve to levator scapulae; nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles; nerve to psoas muscles; nerve to quadratus lumborum; nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles; nerve to splenius capitis muscle; nerve to splenius cervilis muscle; nerve to superficial transverse perineal; nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; occipital nerve, greater; oculomotor nerve, inferior branch; perineal nerve, deep branch; phrenic nerve; piriform nerve; plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch; plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch; plantar nerve, medial; radial nerve, motor; stapedius nerve; subclavian nerve; subcostal nerve, motor; suboccipital nerve; subscapular nerves; suprascapular nerve; thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors; thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors; thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors; thyroid nerve; tibial nerve, muscular branches; trochlear nerve; ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation; vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch}
  • FR-type alpha motoneurons (MA-FR): fast-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={abducent nerve; accessory nerve, external; accessory nerve, internal; ansa cervicalis; auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch; auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch; axillary nerve, anterior branch; axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii; cochlear nerve; common peroneal nerve, articular branches; cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal; dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis; dorsal scapular nerve; facial nerve, buccal branch; facial nerve, cervical branch; facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch; facial nerve, mouth opening muscles; facial nerve, temporal branch; facial nerve, zygomatic branch; femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor; femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor; fibular nerve, deep; first intercostal nerve; genitofemoral nerve, genital; glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch; gluteal nerve, inferior; gluteal nerve, superior; hypoglossal nerve; inferior rectal nerve; laryngeal nerve, external; lateral pectoral nerve; long thoracic nerve; medial pectoral nerve; median nerve, motor, forearm innervation; median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation; motor nerves of back, extensors; motor nerves of back, flexors; musculocutaneous nerve, motor; mylohyoid nerve; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles; nerve to geniohyoid; nerve to levator scapulae; nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles; nerve to psoas muscles; nerve to quadratus lumborum; nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles; nerve to splenius capitis muscle; nerve to splenius cervilis muscle; nerve to superficial transverse perineal; nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; occipital nerve, greater; oculomotor nerve, inferior branch; perineal nerve, deep branch; phrenic nerve; piriform nerve; plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch; plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch; plantar nerve, medial; radial nerve, motor; stapedius nerve; subclavian nerve; subcostal nerve, motor; suboccipital nerve; subscapular nerves; suprascapular nerve; thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors; thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors; thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors; thyroid nerve; tibial nerve, muscular branches; trochlear nerve; ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation; vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch}
  • S-type alpha motoneurons (MA-S): slow-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={abducent nerve; accessory nerve, external; accessory nerve, internal; ansa cervicalis; auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch; auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch; axillary nerve, anterior branch; axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii; cochlear nerve; common peroneal nerve, articular branches; cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal; dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis; dorsal scapular nerve; facial nerve, buccal branch; facial nerve, cervical branch; facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch; facial nerve, mouth opening muscles; facial nerve, temporal branch; facial nerve, zygomatic branch; femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor; femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor; fibular nerve, deep; first intercostal nerve; genitofemoral nerve, genital; glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch; gluteal nerve, inferior; gluteal nerve, superior; hypoglossal nerve; inferior rectal nerve; laryngeal nerve, external; lateral pectoral nerve; long thoracic nerve; medial pectoral nerve; median nerve, motor, forearm innervation; median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation; motor nerves of back, extensors; motor nerves of back, flexors; musculocutaneous nerve, motor; mylohyoid nerve; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles; nerve to geniohyoid; nerve to levator scapulae; nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles; nerve to psoas muscles; nerve to quadratus lumborum; nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles; nerve to splenius capitis muscle; nerve to splenius cervilis muscle; nerve to superficial transverse perineal; nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; occipital nerve, greater; oculomotor nerve, inferior branch; perineal nerve, deep branch; phrenic nerve; piriform nerve; plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch; plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch; plantar nerve, medial; radial nerve, motor; stapedius nerve; subclavian nerve; subcostal nerve, motor; suboccipital nerve; subscapular nerves; suprascapular nerve; thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors; thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors; thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors; thyroid nerve; tibial nerve, muscular branches; trochlear nerve; ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation; vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch}
• Beta motoneurons (MB): affect both extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibers
  • beta dynamic motoneurons (MB-D): slow contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
  • beta static motoneurons (MB-S): fast contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
• Gamma motoneurons (MG): enforce alpha motoneurons
  • gamma dynamic motoneurons (MG-D): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
  • gamma static motoneurons (MG-S): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
• postganglionic autonomic motoneurons (MPG): postganglionic autonomic
  • postganglionic parasympathetic motoneurons (MPG-P): visceral activity and repose, short, local; FIBERS={C-motor}
  • postganglionic sympathetic motoneurons (MPG-S): muscles and skin, pre/post - temporal summation and spatial summation; FIBERS={C-motor}
• preganglionic autonomic motoneurons (MPA): preganglionic paravertebral/prevertebral sympathetic, spinal/cranial parasympathetic
  • preganglionic parasympathetic cranial (MPA-PC): cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch; chorda tympani, parasympathetic; inferior laryngeal nerve; nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers; oculomotor nerve, superior branch; palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers; petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland; pharyngeal nerve; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal; sublingual nerve; tympanic nerve; vagus nerve, bronchial branch; vagus nerve, cardiac branch; vagus nerve, esophageal branches; vagus nerve, gastric branch; vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch; vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper; vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon}
  • preganglionic parasympathetic spinal (MPA-PS): spinal cord long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}
  • preganglionic paravertebral sympathetic (MPA-SPAV): short to paravertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={ansa subclavia; caroticotympanic nerves; cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic; cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic; ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers; external carotid nerve; genitofemoral nerve, genital branch; greater thoracic splanchnic nerve; internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle; jugular nerve, sympathetic; left hypogastric nerve, cervical; left hypogastric nerve, lubricate; left hypogastric nerve, prostatic; left hypogastric nerve, ureteric; left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal; lesser splanchnic nerve; lowest splanchnic nerve; middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches; right hypogastric nerve; scrotal nerve, posterior; stellate ganglion, arterial branches; stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; superior cervical cardiac nerve; superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches; superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia}
  • preganglionic prevertebral sympathetic (MPA-SPRV): long to prevertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers}

Sensory Endings:

• Mechanoreceptors (SMECH)
  • Deep tissue mechanoreceptors (SMECH-DEEP)
    • Pacinian corpuscles (SPC): responds to vibration; vibration 60-400 Hz, deep; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory; A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches; alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch; arm nerves, sensory; auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch; auricular nerves, anterior; auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane; auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve; buccal nerve; cervical nerve, transverse; ciliary nerves, sensory fibers; ethmoidal nerve; frontal nerve; glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch; glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches; great auricular nerve, anterior branch; great auricular nerve, posterior branch; inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches; inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches; infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch; infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch; infratrochlear nerve; internal nasal nerve; jugular nerve, sensory; lacrimal nerve; lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces; lingual nerve, lingual branch; mandibular nerve, meningeal branch; maxillary nerve, meningeal branch; mental nerve; nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers; nerve of external acoustic meatus; occipital nerve, neck; occipital nerve, third; palatine nerve, sensory fibers; shoulder nerves, mixed; sublingual nerve; superior labial branch; supraclavicular nerves, intermediate; supraclavicular nerves, lateral; supraclavicular nerves, medial; tentorial nerve; vagus nerve, auricular branch; vagus nerve, meningeal branch; zygomatic nerve}
    • Ruffini corpuscles (SRC): responds to pressure on skin; stretching of skin, crude touch; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches; alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch; arm nerves, sensory; auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch; auricular nerves, anterior; auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane; auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve; buccal nerve; cervical nerve, transverse; ciliary nerves, sensory fibers; ethmoidal nerve; frontal nerve; glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch; glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches; great auricular nerve, anterior branch; great auricular nerve, posterior branch; inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches; inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches; infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch; infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch; infratrochlear nerve; internal nasal nerve; jugular nerve, sensory; lacrimal nerve; lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces; lingual nerve, lingual branch; mandibular nerve, meningeal branch; maxillary nerve, meningeal branch; mental nerve; nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers; nerve of external acoustic meatus; occipital nerve, neck; occipital nerve, third; palatine nerve, sensory fibers; shoulder nerves, mixed; sublingual nerve; superior labial branch; supraclavicular nerves, intermediate; supraclavicular nerves, lateral; supraclavicular nerves, medial; tentorial nerve; vagus nerve, auricular branch; vagus nerve, meningeal branch; zygomatic nerve}
  • Skin mechanoreceptors (SMECH-SKIN)
    • Hair follicle receptors (SHF): responds to hair displacement; touch, hairy skin velocity; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches; alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch; arm nerves, sensory; auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch; auricular nerves, anterior; auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane; auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve; buccal nerve; cervical nerve, transverse; ciliary nerves, sensory fibers; ethmoidal nerve; frontal nerve; glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch; glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches; great auricular nerve, anterior branch; great auricular nerve, posterior branch; inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches; inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches; infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch; infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch; infratrochlear nerve; internal nasal nerve; jugular nerve, sensory; lacrimal nerve; lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces; lingual nerve, lingual branch; mandibular nerve, meningeal branch; maxillary nerve, meningeal branch; mental nerve; nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers; nerve of external acoustic meatus; occipital nerve, neck; occipital nerve, third; palatine nerve, sensory fibers; shoulder nerves, mixed; sublingual nerve; superior labial branch; supraclavicular nerves, intermediate; supraclavicular nerves, lateral; supraclavicular nerves, medial; tentorial nerve; vagus nerve, auricular branch; vagus nerve, meningeal branch; zygomatic nerve}
    • Meissner corpuscles (SMC): responds to vibration; vibration 20-50 Hz; dynamic touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory; A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches; alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch; arm nerves, sensory; auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch; auricular nerves, anterior; auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane; auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve; buccal nerve; cervical nerve, transverse; ciliary nerves, sensory fibers; ethmoidal nerve; frontal nerve; glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch; glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches; great auricular nerve, anterior branch; great auricular nerve, posterior branch; inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches; inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches; infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch; infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch; infratrochlear nerve; internal nasal nerve; jugular nerve, sensory; lacrimal nerve; lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces; lingual nerve, lingual branch; mandibular nerve, meningeal branch; maxillary nerve, meningeal branch; mental nerve; nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers; nerve of external acoustic meatus; occipital nerve, neck; occipital nerve, third; palatine nerve, sensory fibers; shoulder nerves, mixed; sublingual nerve; superior labial branch; supraclavicular nerves, intermediate; supraclavicular nerves, lateral; supraclavicular nerves, medial; tentorial nerve; vagus nerve, auricular branch; vagus nerve, meningeal branch; zygomatic nerve}
    • Merkel disk receptors (SMD): responds to pressure on skin; vibration 5-15 Hz, static (sustained) touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches; alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch; arm nerves, sensory; auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch; auricular nerves, anterior; auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane; auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve; buccal nerve; cervical nerve, transverse; ciliary nerves, sensory fibers; ethmoidal nerve; frontal nerve; glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch; glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches; great auricular nerve, anterior branch; great auricular nerve, posterior branch; inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches; inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches; infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch; infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch; infratrochlear nerve; internal nasal nerve; jugular nerve, sensory; lacrimal nerve; lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces; lingual nerve, lingual branch; mandibular nerve, meningeal branch; maxillary nerve, meningeal branch; mental nerve; nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers; nerve of external acoustic meatus; occipital nerve, neck; occipital nerve, third; palatine nerve, sensory fibers; shoulder nerves, mixed; sublingual nerve; superior labial branch; supraclavicular nerves, intermediate; supraclavicular nerves, lateral; supraclavicular nerves, medial; tentorial nerve; vagus nerve, auricular branch; vagus nerve, meningeal branch; zygomatic nerve}
• Pain and temperature receptors (SPT)
  • A-delta fiber nociceptors (SAD): fast/first pain information; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; arm nerves, sensory; cervical cardiac nerve, sensory; cluneal nerves; coccygeal plexus; cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral; femoral nerve, leg; femoral nerve, thigh, sensory; genitofemoral nerve, thigh; gluteal nerve, superior; greater thoracic splanchnic nerve; intercostal muscular somatic nerves; intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches; intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches; intercostobrachial nerve; left hypogastric nerve, cervical; left hypogastric nerve, lubricate; left hypogastric nerve, prostatic; left hypogastric nerve, ureteric; left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal; lesser splanchnic nerve; lowest splanchnic nerve; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; phrenic nerve; right hypogastric nerve; sciatic nerve; sciatic nerves, second; shoulder nerves, mixed; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal; subcostal nerve, sensory; thoracic breast nerves; vagus nerve, bronchial branch; vagus nerve, cardiac branch; vagus nerve, esophageal branches; vagus nerve, gastric branch; vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch; vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper; vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon}
  • Cold receptors (SCR): respond to low temperature; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={nerves to masticatory muscles}
  • Nonencapsulated free-nerve endings (SFN): pain and temperature
    • C fiber nociceptors (SFN-CN): responsible for the second, burning pain; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; arm nerves, sensory; cluneal nerves; coccygeal plexus; cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral; femoral nerve, leg; femoral nerve, thigh, sensory; genitofemoral nerve, thigh; gluteal nerve, superior; intercostal muscular somatic nerves; intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches; intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches; intercostobrachial nerve; lacrimal nerve; laryngeal nerve, internal; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior; sciatic nerve; sciatic nerves, second; shoulder nerves, mixed; subcostal nerve, sensory; thoracic breast nerves; tympanic nerve}
    • C fiber warming-specific receptors (SFN-CW): responsible for warmth; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; arm nerves, sensory; cluneal nerves; coccygeal plexus; cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral; femoral nerve, leg; femoral nerve, thigh, sensory; genitofemoral nerve, thigh; gluteal nerve, superior; intercostal muscular somatic nerves; intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches; intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches; intercostobrachial nerve; lacrimal nerve; laryngeal nerve, internal; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior; sciatic nerve; sciatic nerves, second; shoulder nerves, mixed; subcostal nerve, sensory; thoracic breast nerves; tympanic nerve}
    • C mechano- and metabo- receptors in muscles or joints (SFN-CM): responsible for muscle exercise, burn and cramp; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; arm nerves, sensory; cluneal nerves; coccygeal plexus; cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral; femoral nerve, leg; femoral nerve, thigh, sensory; genitofemoral nerve, thigh; gluteal nerve, superior; intercostal muscular somatic nerves; intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches; intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches; intercostobrachial nerve; lacrimal nerve; laryngeal nerve, internal; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior; sciatic nerve; sciatic nerves, second; shoulder nerves, mixed; subcostal nerve, sensory; thoracic breast nerves; tympanic nerve}
    • tactile C fibers (SFN-CT): sensual touch; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; arm nerves, sensory; cluneal nerves; coccygeal plexus; cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral; femoral nerve, leg; femoral nerve, thigh, sensory; genitofemoral nerve, thigh; gluteal nerve, superior; intercostal muscular somatic nerves; intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches; intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches; intercostobrachial nerve; lacrimal nerve; laryngeal nerve, internal; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior; sciatic nerve; sciatic nerves, second; shoulder nerves, mixed; subcostal nerve, sensory; thoracic breast nerves; tympanic nerve}
    • ultra-slow histamine-selective C fibers (SFN-CI): responsible for itch; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; arm nerves, sensory; cluneal nerves; coccygeal plexus; cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral; femoral nerve, leg; femoral nerve, thigh, sensory; genitofemoral nerve, thigh; gluteal nerve, superior; intercostal muscular somatic nerves; intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches; intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches; intercostobrachial nerve; lacrimal nerve; laryngeal nerve, internal; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior; sciatic nerve; sciatic nerves, second; shoulder nerves, mixed; subcostal nerve, sensory; thoracic breast nerves; tympanic nerve}
• Proprioceptors (SPROP)
  • Golgi tendon organs (SGT): muscle tension; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={musculocutaneous nerve, sensory; occipital nerve, third; suboccipital nerve}
  • Muscle spindles (SMS): skeletal muscle, stretch by muscle length, fast
    • Dynamic nuclear bag fibers (SMS-DN): report rate of change of muscle length; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={musculocutaneous nerve, sensory; occipital nerve, third; suboccipital nerve}
    • Nuclear chain fibers (SMS-NC): report static length of muscle; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={musculocutaneous nerve, sensory; occipital nerve, third; suboccipital nerve}
    • Static nuclear bag fibers (SMS-SN): report static length of muscle; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={musculocutaneous nerve, sensory; occipital nerve, third; suboccipital nerve}
• Special Senses (SPS)
  • Baroreceptors (SSB): blood pressure in carotid sinus; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={Hering's nerve}
  • Cochlea receptor (SSA): audition; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={cochlear nerve}
  • Olfactory receptor (SSS): smell, odor detection; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={olfactory nerves}
  • Oxigen chemoreceptors (SSO): oxigen level in carotid body; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={Hering's nerve}
  • Retinal rods and cones (SSV): vision receptors; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory; C-sensory}; NERVES={ampullar nerve; optic nerve; saccular nerve; utricular nerve}
  • Taste buds (SST): taste receptors; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={communicating branch of chorda tympani with lingual nerve; glossopharyngeal nerve, tonsillar branch; palatine nerves, lesser, parasympathetic fibers}

Fibers by thickness:

 A-alpha* (mixed, 12-22 mcm, 70-120 m/sec): low theshold, 2ms after stimulus (type Ia,Ib; motoneurons, touch, position and velocity)

• A-alpha-Ia (mixed)
  • A-alpha-Ia-motor - alpha motoneurons (motor); ENDINGS={MA-FF,MA-FR,MA-S}; NERVES={abducent nerve; accessory nerve, external; accessory nerve, internal; ansa cervicalis; auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch; auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch; axillary nerve, anterior branch; axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii; cochlear nerve; common peroneal nerve, articular branches; cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal; dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis; dorsal scapular nerve; facial nerve, buccal branch; facial nerve, cervical branch; facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch; facial nerve, mouth opening muscles; facial nerve, temporal branch; facial nerve, zygomatic branch; femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor; femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor; fibular nerve, deep; first intercostal nerve; genitofemoral nerve, genital; glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch; gluteal nerve, inferior; gluteal nerve, superior; hypoglossal nerve; inferior rectal nerve; laryngeal nerve, external; lateral pectoral nerve; long thoracic nerve; medial pectoral nerve; median nerve, motor, forearm innervation; median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation; motor nerves of back, extensors; motor nerves of back, flexors; musculocutaneous nerve, motor; mylohyoid nerve; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles; nerve to geniohyoid; nerve to levator scapulae; nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles; nerve to psoas muscles; nerve to quadratus lumborum; nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles; nerve to splenius capitis muscle; nerve to splenius cervilis muscle; nerve to superficial transverse perineal; nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; occipital nerve, greater; oculomotor nerve, inferior branch; perineal nerve, deep branch; phrenic nerve; piriform nerve; plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch; plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch; plantar nerve, medial; radial nerve, motor; stapedius nerve; subclavian nerve; subcostal nerve, motor; suboccipital nerve; subscapular nerves; suprascapular nerve; thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors; thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors; thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors; thyroid nerve; tibial nerve, muscular branches; trochlear nerve; ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation; vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch}
  • A-alpha-Ia-sensory (sensory): skin, two-point discrimination (muscle spindle primary sensory endings; extrafusal muscles, Meissner's corpuscles; annulospiral endings, length and velocity); ENDINGS={SMC}
• A-alpha-Ib-sensory (sensory): report load being applied to muscle, stretching of skin; ENDINGS={SGT,SRC,SMS-NC,SMS-SN,SMS-DN}; NERVES={musculocutaneous nerve, sensory; occipital nerve, third; suboccipital nerve}

 A-beta* (mixed, 8-13 mcm, 40-70 m/sec): higher theshold, 4ms after stimulus (type II; fine touch, kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary endings)

• A-beta-motor - beta motoneurons (motor): skeleto-fusimotor, intrafusal fibers and collaterals to extrafusal muscle fibers, muscle spindles, increase dynamic sensitivity of ending; ENDINGS={MB-D,MB-S}
• A-beta-sensory (sensory): fine touch, kinesthesia (length only; secondary afferents, flower spray endings); ENDINGS={SMD,SRC,SHF,SPC,SMC}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches; alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch; arm nerves, sensory; auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch; auricular nerves, anterior; auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane; auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve; buccal nerve; cervical nerve, transverse; ciliary nerves, sensory fibers; ethmoidal nerve; frontal nerve; glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch; glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches; great auricular nerve, anterior branch; great auricular nerve, posterior branch; inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches; inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches; infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch; infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch; infratrochlear nerve; internal nasal nerve; jugular nerve, sensory; lacrimal nerve; lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces; lingual nerve, lingual branch; mandibular nerve, meningeal branch; maxillary nerve, meningeal branch; mental nerve; nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers; nerve of external acoustic meatus; occipital nerve, neck; occipital nerve, third; palatine nerve, sensory fibers; shoulder nerves, mixed; sublingual nerve; superior labial branch; supraclavicular nerves, intermediate; supraclavicular nerves, lateral; supraclavicular nerves, medial; tentorial nerve; vagus nerve, auricular branch; vagus nerve, meningeal branch; zygomatic nerve}

 A-delta-sensory* (sensory, 1-4 mcm, 5-15 m/sec): noxious, cold, pressure; 20ms after stimulus (type III; thinly-myelinated; noxious receptors - first/fast, sharp, well-localized pain; cold receptors - temperature, high-threshold mechano/heat, phasic; pressure - rapidly adapting mechanosensitive, directional selectivity, crude touch; auditory axons 2 mcm; vestibular axons 3 mcm); ENDINGS={SAD,SCR,SPC,SSA,SSV}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; ampullar nerve; arm nerves, sensory; cervical cardiac nerve, sensory; cluneal nerves; coccygeal plexus; cochlear nerve; cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral; femoral nerve, leg; femoral nerve, thigh, sensory; genitofemoral nerve, thigh; gluteal nerve, superior; greater thoracic splanchnic nerve; intercostal muscular somatic nerves; intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches; intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches; intercostobrachial nerve; left hypogastric nerve, cervical; left hypogastric nerve, lubricate; left hypogastric nerve, prostatic; left hypogastric nerve, ureteric; left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal; lesser splanchnic nerve; lowest splanchnic nerve; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; phrenic nerve; right hypogastric nerve; saccular nerve; sciatic nerve; sciatic nerves, second; shoulder nerves, mixed; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal; subcostal nerve, sensory; thoracic breast nerves; utricular nerve; vagus nerve, bronchial branch; vagus nerve, cardiac branch; vagus nerve, esophageal branches; vagus nerve, gastric branch; vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch; vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper; vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon}
 A-gamma-motor* (motor, 4-8 mcm, 15-40 m/sec): intrafusal muscle fibers, 6ms after stimulus (skeletal muscle tone, contract muscle spindles from both ends, fusimotor gamma neurons, affect Ia/II); ENDINGS={MG-D,MG-S}
 B-motor* (motor, 1-3 mcm, 3-14 m/sec): preganglionic autonomic (myelinated, ACh, sympathetic only in T1-L3, IML); ENDINGS={MPA-SPAV,MPA-SPRV,MPA-PS,MPA-PC}; NERVES={ansa subclavia; auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch; caroticotympanic nerves; cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic; cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic; chorda tympani, parasympathetic; ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers; external carotid nerve; genitofemoral nerve, genital branch; greater thoracic splanchnic nerve; inferior laryngeal nerve; internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle; jugular nerve, sympathetic; left hypogastric nerve, cervical; left hypogastric nerve, lubricate; left hypogastric nerve, prostatic; left hypogastric nerve, ureteric; left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal; lesser splanchnic nerve; lowest splanchnic nerve; middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches; nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers; oculomotor nerve, superior branch; palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers; palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers; petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland; pharyngeal nerve; right hypogastric nerve; scrotal nerve, posterior; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal; stellate ganglion, arterial branches; stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; sublingual nerve; superior cervical cardiac nerve; superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches; superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia; tympanic nerve; vagus nerve, bronchial branch; vagus nerve, cardiac branch; vagus nerve, esophageal branches; vagus nerve, gastric branch; vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch; vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper; vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon}
 C* (mixed, 0.1-1 mcm, 0.2-2 m/sec): pain, touch, pressure, temperature, postganglionic autonomic, taste (60ms after stimulus)

• C-motor (motor): postganglionic autonomic; ENDINGS={MPG-S,MPG-P}
• C-sensory (sensory): pain and temperature, special (optic axons width average 0.72 mcm; olfactory axons 0.35 mcm); ENDINGS={SFN-CN,SFN-CW,SFN-CI,SFN-CT,SFN-CM,SST,SSV,SSO,SSB,SSS}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Hering's nerve; Rectum nerves, somatic; arm nerves, sensory; cluneal nerves; coccygeal plexus; communicating branch of chorda tympani with lingual nerve; cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral; femoral nerve, leg; femoral nerve, thigh, sensory; genitofemoral nerve, thigh; glossopharyngeal nerve, tonsillar branch; gluteal nerve, superior; intercostal muscular somatic nerves; intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches; intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches; intercostobrachial nerve; lacrimal nerve; laryngeal nerve, internal; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; olfactory nerves; optic nerve; palatine nerves, lesser, parasympathetic fibers; recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior; sciatic nerve; sciatic nerves, second; shoulder nerves, mixed; subcostal nerve, sensory; thoracic breast nerves; tympanic nerve}

Tracts Hierarchy

(generated)

Ascending Tracts

TRACT SET: Ascending Tracts

• TRACT ALS: anterolateral system - pain transfer
  • TRACT SLS: spinolimbic system - autonomic body pain transfer
    • TRACT SHTT: spinohypothalamic tract - autonomic body pain transfer to hypothalamus
    • TRACT SMST: spinomesencephalic tract - descending modulation of pain
    • TRACT SST: spinosolitary tract - autonomic body pain transfer to parabrachial nucleus
  • TRACT SRS: spinoreticular system - automatic body pain reflection
    • TRACT SMRT: spinomedulloreticular tract - automatic body pain spinal reflection
    • TRACT SPRT: spinopontoreticular tract - automatic body pain cortical reflection
    • TRACT STCT: spinotectal tract - automatic body pain spinovisual reflection
  • TRACT STS: spinothalamic system - body pain transfer
    • TRACT ASTT: anterior spinothalamic tract (paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract) - body slow pain localization
    • TRACT LSTT: lateral spinothalamic tract (neospinothalamic tract) - body pain perception
  • TRACT TTS: trigeminothalamic system - head pain transfer
    • TRACT ATTT: anterior trigeminothalamic tract (ventral trigeminothalamic tract) - head pain localization
    • TRACT DTTT: dorsal trigeminal tract (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus) - head pain perception
• TRACT MLS: medial lemniscus system - conscious body mechanical perception
  • TRACT PCS: posterior column system (dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon) - conscious upper body mechanical and lower body cutaneous perception
    • TRACT FCT: fasciculus cuneatus tract (tract of Burdach) - conscious upper body mechanical perception
    • TRACT FGT: fasciculus gracilis tract (tract of Goll) - conscious lower body cutaneous perception
  • TRACT SCVT: spinocervical tract (Morin's tract) - conscious lower body proprioception
• TRACT SCS: spinocerebellar system - automatic activity
  • TRACT DSCS: direct spinocerebellar system - automatic activity of body
    • TRACT CSCT: cuneocerebellar tract - automatic activity of upper limbs
    • TRACT DSCT: dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract) - automatic activity of lower limbs
    • TRACT RSCT: rostral spinocerebellar tract - automatic activity of upper body
    • TRACT VSCT: ventral spinocerebellar tract (anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract) - automatic activity of lower body
  • TRACT SMTS: spinometencephalic system - automatic activity integration
    • TRACT SOT: spinoolivary tract (Helwegs tract) - automatic activity of head, neck and upper limbs
    • TRACT SVT: spinovestibular tract - automatic activity vestibular integration

Descending Tracts

TRACT SET: Descending Tracts

• TRACT ATS: autonomic tracts system (descending autonomic fibers) - autonomic control
  • TRACT HTST: hypothalamospinal tract - oculomotor autonomic control
  • TRACT SSS: solitariospinal system - involuntary breathing control
    • TRACT SSET: solitariospinal expiratory tract - rhythmic expiration
    • TRACT SSIT: solitariospinal inpiratory tract - rhythmic inspiration
• TRACT ESS: extensor somatic system - extensor control
  • TRACT ACST: anterior corticospinal tract (ventral corticospinal tract) - conscious extensor control
  • TRACT MLFS: medial longitudinal fasciculus system - automatic control
    • TRACT TCST: tectospinal tract - oculomotor automatic control
    • TRACT VST: vestibulospinal tract - body automatic control
      • TRACT LVST: lateral vestibulospinal tract - maintaining balance via legs extensors
      • TRACT MVST: medial vestibulospinal tract - stabilize visual image on retina
  • TRACT RTSS: reticulospinal system - automatic and autonomic control
    • TRACT MRST: medullary reticulospinal tract (lateral reticulospinal tract) - inhibit extensors
    • TRACT PRST: pontine reticulospinal tract (medial reticulospinal tract) - excite extensors
• TRACT FSS: flexor somatic system - flexor control
  • TRACT CBT: corticobulbar tract - cranial flexor control
  • TRACT LSTT: lateral corticospinal tract - conscious flexor control
  • TRACT RBST: rubrospinal tract - automatic flexor control