BrainCenterMM REF

Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon

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This page covers biological details of component group Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon. Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

• Top-down path to center: Midbrain Mesencephalon -> Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF) (see Mind Maps)
• Function:
• Notes to function: Generate simple motor signal by sensory without cortex

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

• Auditory Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.AUD)
  • Inferior Colliculus (ABA.MM.IC)
    • Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus: Integrate and relay auditory information to cortex, detection of pitch, spatial localization by binaural hearing
    • External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus: Middle ear reflex
  • Superior Olivary Complex: Bilateral Audition
• Visual Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.VIS)
  • Superior Colliculus (MM.SC): Direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric space, induce saccadic eye movement
    • Superficial Superior Colliculus: Head and eye attention to visual stimuli
    • Intermediate Superior Colliculus: Sensimotor integration for orienting
    • Deep Superior Colliculus: Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli
  • Supraoculomotor Area (VBA.MM.SOA): Control of vergence
    • Cajal Nucleus: Integration of head and eye movements, controls downward vertical gaze
    • Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF: Integration of head and eye movements, controls upward vertical gaze
    • Darkschewitsch Nucleus: Mediate the consensual pupillary light reflex
  • Pretectum (MM.PT)
    • Anterior Pretectum Nucleus: Mediate somatosensory and nociceptive information
    • Nucleus of Optic Tract: Encode retinal error information during smooth pursuit eye movements
    • Pretectal Olivary Nucleus: Pupillary light reflex and modulating subcortical nuclei involved in circadian rhythms
    • Principal Pretectal Nucleus: Pupillary light reflex
    • Sublentiform Nucleus: Accomodation reflex

Connectivity

(generated)

Internal Regions Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Reference
Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICC -> ICx, abstract)
Superior Olivary Complex	Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	Auditory System in Brain (Olive -> IC, abstract)
External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICx -> SC, abstract)
Nucleus of Optic Tract	Superficial Superior Colliculus	(unknown reference)
Deep Superior Colliculus	Cajal Nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (SC -> riMLF, abstract)
Intermediate Superior Colliculus	Deep Superior Colliculus	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)
Superficial Superior Colliculus	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)

External Inbound Center Connections:

Source Center	Reference
Basal Ganglia	Saccadic Vision (BG -> SCi, abstract)
Extended Amygdala	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)
Thalamus	(unknown reference)
Myelencephalic Motor Nuclei	(unknown reference)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (DCN -> ICC, abstract)
Pontine Tegmental Nuclei	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)
Hypothalamus	(unknown reference)
Cerebellar Complex	(unknown reference)
Retina	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
Vestibular Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Pontine Nuclear Complex	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNLL -> ICC, abstract)
Inferior Parietal Lobule	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)
Occipital Lobe	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)
Premotor Cortex	Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> riMLF, abstract)
Intraparietal Sulcus	Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)
Transverse Temporal Gyrus	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AC -> IC, abstract)

External Outbound Center Connections:

Target Center	Reference
Subthalamus Area	(unknown reference)
Basal Ganglia	Global visual system (SCi -> SNc, abstract)
Thalamus	Auditory System in Brain (IC -> MGB, abstract)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei	(unknown reference)
Pontine Reticular Formation	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)
Abducens Nucleus	Retina and superior colliculus targets (SC -> Abducens, abstract)
Pontine Nuclear Complex	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (LSO -> DNLL)
Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> Oculomotor, abstract)
Mesencephalic Reticular Formation	Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (SC -> RIP, abstract)
Anterior/Ventral Horn	(unknown reference)
Ear	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNTB -> Cochlea)