Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon

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This page covers biological details of component group Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon. Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

Top-down path to center: Midbrain Mesencephalon -> Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF) (see Mind Maps)
Function:
Notes to function: Generate simple motor signal by sensory without cortex

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

Auditory Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.AUD)
- Inferior Colliculus (ABA.MM.IC)
  - Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus: Integrate and relay auditory information to cortex, detection of pitch, spatial localization by binaural hearing
  - External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus: Middle ear reflex
- Superior Olivary Complex: Bilateral Audition
Visual Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.VIS)
- Superior Colliculus (MM.SC): Direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric space, induce saccadic eye movement
  - Superficial Superior Colliculus: Head and eye attention to visual stimuli
  - Intermediate Superior Colliculus: Sensimotor integration for orienting
  - Deep Superior Colliculus: Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli
- Supraoculomotor Area (VBA.MM.SOA): Control of vergence
  - Cajal Nucleus: Integration of head and eye movements, controls downward vertical gaze
  - Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF: Integration of head and eye movements, controls upward vertical gaze
  - Darkschewitsch Nucleus: Mediate the consensual pupillary light reflex
- Pretectum (MM.PT)
  - Anterior Pretectum Nucleus: Mediate somatosensory and nociceptive information
  - Nucleus of Optic Tract: Encode retinal error information during smooth pursuit eye movements
  - Pretectal Olivary Nucleus: Pupillary light reflex and modulating subcortical nuclei involved in circadian rhythms
  - Principal Pretectal Nucleus: Pupillary light reflex
  - Sublentiform Nucleus: Accomodation reflex

Connectivity

(generated)

Internal Regions Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Reference
Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus	Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)
Interpeduncular Nucleus	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	Saccadic Vision (BG -> SCi, abstract)
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus	Nucleus of Optic Tract	(unknown reference)
Fastigual Nucleus	Principal Pretectal Nucleus	(unknown reference)
	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	(unknown reference)
Globose Nucleus	Darkschewitsch Nucleus	(unknown reference)
	Deep Superior Colliculus	(unknown reference)
Retina	Nucleus of Optic Tract	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
	Pretectal Olivary Nucleus	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
	Sublentiform Nucleus	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
	Superficial Superior Colliculus	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> SC, abstract)
Cuneate Nucleus	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	(unknown reference)
Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus	Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (DCN -> ICC, abstract)
Gracile Nucleus	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	(unknown reference)
Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	(unknown reference)
Ventral Cochlear Nucleus	Superior Olivary Complex	Auditory System in Brain (Cochlea -> Olive, abstract)
	Cajal Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Medial Vestibular Nucleus	Darkschewitsch Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus	Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNLL -> ICC, abstract)
Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICC -> ICx, abstract)
Superior Olivary Complex	Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	Auditory System in Brain (Olive -> IC, abstract)
Prepositus Nucleus	Nucleus of Optic Tract	(unknown reference)
External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICx -> SC, abstract)
Nucleus of Optic Tract	Superficial Superior Colliculus	(unknown reference)
Deep Superior Colliculus	Cajal Nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (SC -> riMLF, abstract)
Intermediate Superior Colliculus	Deep Superior Colliculus	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)
Superficial Superior Colliculus	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)
Anterior Frontal Eye Field	Cajal Nucleus	Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> riMLF, abstract)
	Darkschewitsch Nucleus	(unknown reference)
	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> SC, abstract)
Medial Superior Temporal Area	Superficial Superior Colliculus	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)
Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus	Cajal Nucleus	Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)
	Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF	Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)
	Superficial Superior Colliculus	Summary of eye movement control (PEF -> SC, abstract)
Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex	Cajal Nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)
	Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus	Nucleus of Optic Tract	(unknown reference)
Primary Visual Cortex	Sublentiform Nucleus	(unknown reference)
	Superficial Superior Colliculus	Global visual system (VisualCortex -> SCs, abstract)
Secondary Visual Cortex, Thin Stripe	Superficial Superior Colliculus	Global visual system (VisualCortex -> SCs, abstract)
Primary Auditory Cortex	Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AC -> IC, abstract)

External Inbound Center Connections:

Source Center	Reference
Basal Ganglia	Saccadic Vision (BG -> SCi, abstract)
Extended Amygdala	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)
Thalamus	(unknown reference)
Myelencephalic Motor Nuclei	(unknown reference)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (DCN -> ICC, abstract)
Pontine Tegmental Nuclei	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)
Hypothalamus	(unknown reference)
Cerebellar Complex	(unknown reference)
Retina	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
Vestibular Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Pontine Nuclear Complex	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNLL -> ICC, abstract)
Inferior Parietal Lobule	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)
Occipital Lobe	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)
Premotor Cortex	Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> riMLF, abstract)
Intraparietal Sulcus	Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)
Transverse Temporal Gyrus	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AC -> IC, abstract)

External Outbound Center Connections:

Target Center	Reference
Subthalamus Area	(unknown reference)
Basal Ganglia	Global visual system (SCi -> SNc, abstract)
Thalamus	Auditory System in Brain (IC -> MGB, abstract)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei	(unknown reference)
Pontine Reticular Formation	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)
Abducens Nucleus	Retina and superior colliculus targets (SC -> Abducens, abstract)
Pontine Nuclear Complex	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (LSO -> DNLL)
Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> Oculomotor, abstract)
Mesencephalic Reticular Formation	Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (SC -> RIP, abstract)
Anterior/Ventral Horn	(unknown reference)
Ear	Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNTB -> Cochlea)

BrainCenterMM REF

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