Revision as of 10:49, 16 June 2015

Muscles of Human Limbs

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This page is intended to list all muscles of biological human in upper and lower limbs area. Related findings are structured by other research themes.

Coverage verified by:

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Muscular_system
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_muscles_of_the_human_body
• https://www.msu.edu/user/vosskurt/Miscellaneous%20pages/musnvrt.htm

TARGET.TEA.HAND

Arms Vertebral column

(generated)

• Deep Posterior Axioappendicular muscles
  • [- levator claviculae muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={C1-C4, upper cervical ventral spinal roots}; ACTION={lifts clavicle}
  • Levator scapulae muscle
    • [- levator scapulae muscle, roots]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles}; ACTION={Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula}
    • [- levator scapulae muscle, scapular]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={dorsal scapular nerve}; ACTION={Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula}
  • Rhomboid muscles
    • [- rhomboid major muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={dorsal scapular nerve}; ACTION={Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall}
    • [- rhomboid minor muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={dorsal scapular nerve}; ACTION={Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall}
• Superficial Posterior Axioappendicular muscles
  • [- latissimus dorsi muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={middle subscapular nerve}; ACTION={pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally}
  • [- trapezius muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={accessory nerve, external}; ACTION={Descending (superior) part elevates; ascending (inferior) part depresses; and middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly}

Thoracic walls

(generated)

• [- pectoralis major muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={lateral pectoral nerve}; ACTION={Clavicular head: flexes the humerus. Sternocostal head: extends the humerus. As a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly}
• [- pectoralis minor muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={medial pectoral nerve}; ACTION={stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall}
• [- serratus anterior muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={long thoracic nerve}; ACTION={Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall}
• [- sternalis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors}; ACTION={protract and stabilize scapula, assists in upward rotation}
• [- subclavius muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={subclavian nerve}; ACTION={depression of clavicle}
• [- arm blood vessels]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami}; ACTION={ensures adequate flow of oxygenated blood to arms}
• [- forearm blood vessels]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami}; ACTION={ensures adequate flow of oxygenated blood to hands and fingers}
• [- wall of brachial artery smooth muscles]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={median nerve, motor, vascular branches}; ACTION={provide a more or less steady supply of blood at normal pressure into the capillary beds}

Shoulder

(generated)

• Deltoid muscle; ACTION={shoulder abduction, flexioon and extension}
  • [- deltoid muscle, anterior]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={axillary nerve, anterior branch}; ACTION={shoulder flexion}
  • [- deltoid muscle, lateral and posterior]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={axillary nerve, posterior branch}; ACTION={shoulder abduction, extension}
• [- teres major muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={lower subscapular nerve}; ACTION={internal rotation of the humerus}
• Rotator cuff
  • [- infraspinatus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={suprascapular nerve}; ACTION={Lateral rotation of arm and Adduction of arm and stabilizes humerus}
  • [- supraspinatus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={suprascapular nerve}; ACTION={abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus}
  • [- teres minor muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={axillary nerve, posterior branch}; ACTION={laterally rotates and adducts the arm}
  • Subscapularis muscle
    • [- subscapularis muscle, lower]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={lower subscapular nerve}; ACTION={rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder}
    • [- subscapularis muscle, upper]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={upper subscapular nerve}; ACTION={rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder}

Arm

(generated)

• Arm, Anterior compartment
  • [- biceps muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={musculocutaneous nerve, motor}; ACTION={flexes elbow and supinates forearm}
  • [- brachialis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={musculocutaneous nerve, motor}; ACTION={flexion at elbow joint}
  • [- coracobrachialis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={musculocutaneous nerve, motor}; ACTION={flexes and adducts humerus}
• Arm, Posterior compartment
  • [- anconeus muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={radial nerve, upper arm muscular branches}; ACTION={partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm. Stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation}
  • Triceps brachii muscle
    • [- articularis cubiti muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={radial nerve, motor}; ACTION={lifts capsule away from joint}
    • [- triceps brachii muscle, axillary]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii}; ACTION={extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder}
    • [- triceps brachii muscle, radial]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={radial nerve, upper arm muscular branches}; ACTION={extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder}

Forearm

(generated)

• Forearm, Anterior compartment
  • Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep
    • Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
      • [- flexor digitorum profundus muscle, interosseous]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, anterior, hand}; ACTION={flex hand, interphalangeal joints}
      • [- flexor digitorum profundus muscle, ulnar]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, interossei}; ACTION={flex hand, interphalangeal joints}
    • [- flexor pollicis longus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, anterior, hand}; ACTION={flexion of the thumb}
    • [- pronator quadratus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, anterior, deep muscles of forearm}; ACTION={pronates the forearm}
  • Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial
    • [- flexor carpi radialis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={median nerve, superficial muscles in hand}; ACTION={flexion and abduction at wrist}
    • [- flexor carpi ulnaris muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, muscular branches}; ACTION={flexion and adduction of wrist}
    • [- flexor digitorum superficialis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={median nerve, intermediate muscles of foream}; ACTION={flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints)}
    • [- palmaris longus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={median nerve, superficial muscles in hand}; ACTION={wrist flexor}
    • [- pronator teres muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={median nerve, superficial muscles in foream}; ACTION={pronation of forearm, flexes elbow}
• Forearm, Posterior compartment
  • Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep
    • Anatomical snuff box
      • [- abductor pollicis longus muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, posterior}; ACTION={abduction, extension of thumb}
      • [- extensor pollicis brevis muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, posterior}; ACTION={extension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint}
      • [- extensor pollicis longus muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, posterior}; ACTION={extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal)}
    • [- extensor indicis muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, posterior}; ACTION={extends index finger, wrist}
    • [- supinator muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, posterior}; ACTION={supinates forearm}
  • Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial
    • [- extensor carpi ulnaris muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, posterior}; ACTION={extends the little finger at all joints}
    • [- extensor digiti minimi muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, posterior}; ACTION={extends and adducts the wrist}
    • [- extensor digitorum muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={interosseous nerve of forearm, posterior}; ACTION={extension of hand and fingers}
    • Mobile wad
      • [- brachioradialis muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={radial nerve, upper arm muscular branches}; ACTION={stabilizer of elbow joint}
      • [- extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={radial nerve, deep branch before supinator}; ACTION={extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist}
      • [- extensor carpi radialis longus muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={radial nerve, upper arm muscular branches}; ACTION={extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint}

Hand

(generated)

• Hand, Intermediate
  • Interosseous muscles of the hand
    • [- dorsal interossei muscles of the hand]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, deep muscles}; ACTION={abduct finger}
    • [- palmar interossei muscles]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, deep muscles}; ACTION={adduction}
  • Lumbricals of the hand muscles
    • [- lumbricals of the hand muscles, median]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={median nerve, lumbricals branches}; ACTION={flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints}
    • [- lumbricals of the hand muscles, ulnar]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, adductor pollicis and lumbrical}; ACTION={flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints}
• Lateral volar
  • Thenar
    • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
      • [- flexor pollicis brevis muscle, median]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={median nerve, recurrent branch}; ACTION={flexion of thumb}
      • [- flexor pollicis brevis muscle, ulnar]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, pollicis brevis}; ACTION={flexion of thumb}
    • [- abductor pollicis brevis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={median nerve, recurrent branch}; ACTION={abduction of thumb}
    • [- adductor pollicis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, adductor pollicis and lumbrical}; ACTION={adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint}
    • [- opponens pollicis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={median nerve, recurrent branch}; ACTION={opposition of the thumb}
• Medial volar
  • [- palmaris brevis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, superficial branch}; ACTION={wrinkle skin of palm}
  • Hypothenar
    • [- abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, deep muscles}; ACTION={abduction of little finger}
    • [- flexor digiti minimi brevis of hand]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, flexor digiti minimi}; ACTION={flexes little finger}
    • [- opponens digiti minimi muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={ulnar nerve, superficial branch}; ACTION={draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb}

TARGET.TEA.LEG

Iliac region

(generated)

• Iliopsoas muscle (psoas major, iliacus)
  • [- iliacus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor}; ACTION={flexes and rotates laterally thigh}
  • [- psoas major muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={nerve to psoas muscles}; ACTION={flexes and rotates laterally thigh}
  • [- psoas minor muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={nerve to psoas muscles}; ACTION={weak trunk flexor}

Buttocks

(generated)

• Lateral rotator group muscles
  • [- gemellus inferior muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh}; ACTION={rotates laterally thigh}
  • [- gemellus superior muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={obturator nerve, internal}; ACTION={rotates laterally thigh}
  • [- obturator externus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={obturator nerve, proper}; ACTION={adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh}
  • [- obturator internus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={obturator nerve, internal}; ACTION={abducts rotates laterally thigh, and stabiliser of the hip during walking}
  • [- piriformis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={piriform nerve}; ACTION={rotate laterally (outward) the thigh}
  • [- quadratus femoris muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh}; ACTION={lateral rotation of thigh}
• [- gluteus maximus muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={gluteal nerve, inferior}; ACTION={external rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting}
• [- gluteus medius muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={gluteal nerve, superior}; ACTION={abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh}
• [- gluteus minimus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={gluteal nerve, superior}; ACTION={Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh}
• [- tensor fasciae latae muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={gluteal nerve, superior}; ACTION={Thigh - flexion, medial rotation. Trunk stabilization}

Thigh

(generated)

• Medial compartment of thigh
  • Adductor muscles of the hip
    • Adductor magnus muscle
      • [- adductor magnus muscle, obturator]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={obturator nerve, proper}; ACTION={adduction of hip}
      • [- adductor magnus muscle, tibial]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve}; ACTION={adduction of hip}
    • Adductor minimus muscle
      • [- adductor minimus muscle, obturator]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={obturator nerve, proper}; ACTION={adduction and lateral rotation of thigh}
      • [- adductor minimus muscle, tibial]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve}; ACTION={adduction and lateral rotation of thigh}
    • [- adductor brevis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={obturator nerve, proper}; ACTION={adduction of hip}
    • [- adductor longus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={obturator nerve, proper}; ACTION={adduction of thigh}
    • [- gracilis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={obturator nerve, proper}; ACTION={flexes hip, knee}
    • Pectineus muscle
      • [- pectineus muscle, femoral]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={femoral nerve, thigh}; ACTION={thigh - flexion, adduction, medial rotation}
      • [- pectineus muscle, obturator]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={obturator nerve, accessory}; ACTION={thigh - flexion, adduction, medial rotation}
• Thigh, Anterior compartment
  • [- sartorius muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor}; ACTION={flexion, lateral rotation and abduction of thigh; flexion and medial rotation of leg}
  • Quadriceps femoris muscle
    • [- articularis genu muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor}; ACTION={pulling the suprapatellar bursa during extension of the knee}
    • [- obliquus genu muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor}; ACTION={maintaining patella position and limiting injuries to the knee}
    • [- rectus femoris muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor}; ACTION={knee extension; hip flexion}
    • [- vastus intermedius muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor}; ACTION={extends knee}
    • [- vastus lateralis muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor}; ACTION={extends and stabilizes knee}
    • [- vastus medialis muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor}; ACTION={extends knee}
• Thigh, Posterior compartment/Hamstring
  • Biceps femoris muscle
    • [- biceps femoris muscle, peroneal]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={common peroneal nerve, articular branches}; ACTION={flexes knee joint, laterally rotates knee joint (when knee is flexed)}
    • [- biceps femoris muscle, tibial]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve}; ACTION={extends hip joint (long head only)}
  • [- semimembranosus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve}; ACTION={hip extension, knee flexion}
  • [- semitendinosus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve}; ACTION={flex knee, extend hip joint}

Leg

(generated)

• Leg, Anterior compartment
  • [- extensor digitorum longus muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={fibular nerve, deep}; ACTION={extension of toes and ankle}
  • [- extensor hallucis longus muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={fibular nerve, deep}; ACTION={Extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Also is a weak invertor}
  • [- fibularis tertius muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={fibular nerve, deep}; ACTION={dorsi flexes and everts foot}
  • [- tibialis anterior muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={fibular nerve, deep}; ACTION={dorsiflex and invert the foot}
• Leg, Lateral compartment
  • Peroneus muscles (Fibularis muscles)
    • [- fibularis brevis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={fibular nerve, superficial}; ACTION={plantarflexion, eversion}
    • [- fibularis longus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={fibular nerve, superficial}; ACTION={plantarflexion, eversion}
• Leg, Posterior compartment
  • Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep
    • [- popliteus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve, muscular branches}; ACTION={medial rotation and flexion of knee}
    • Tarsal tunnel
      • [- flexor digitorum longus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, medial}; ACTION={primary action is flex digits}
      • [- flexor hallucis longus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve}; ACTION={flexes all joints of the Hallux, plantar flexion of the ankle joint}
      • [- tibialis posterior muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve, muscular branches}; ACTION={inversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle}
  • Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial
    • [- plantaris muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve, muscular branches}; ACTION={plantar flexes foot and flexes knee}
    • Triceps surae muscles
      • [- accessory soleus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve}; ACTION={plantar flexion}
      • [- gastrocnemius muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve, muscular branches}; ACTION={plantar flexion, flexion of knee (minor)}
      • [- soleus muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={tibial nerve}; ACTION={plantar flexion}

Foot

(generated)

• Foot, Dorsal
  • [- extensor digitorum brevis muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={fibular nerve, deep}; ACTION={extends digits 2, 3, and 4}
  • [- extensor hallucis brevis muscle]; TYPE={extensor}; NERVES={fibular nerve, deep}; ACTION={extension of hallux}
• Foot, Plantar
  • 1st layer
    • [- abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, lateral}; ACTION={flex and abduct the fifth toe}
    • [- abductor hallucis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, medial}; ACTION={abducts hallux}
    • [- flexor digitorum brevis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, medial}; ACTION={flexes lateral four toes}
  • 2nd layer
    • [- quadratus plantae muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch}; ACTION={assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexion of DIP joints}
    • Lumbrical muscle of foot
      • [- lumbrical muscle of foot, lateral]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, lateral}; ACTION={flex proximal phalanges and extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits}
      • [- lumbrical muscle of foot, medial]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, medial, branches to LAFF muscles}; ACTION={flex proximal phalanges and extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits}
  • 3rd layer
    • [- adductor hallucis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, lateral}; ACTION={adducts hallux}
    • [- flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of foot]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, lateral, digital branches branch}; ACTION={flex and adduct the fifth toe}
    • [- flexor hallucis brevis muscle]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, medial, branches to LAFF muscles}; ACTION={flex hallux}
  • 4th layer
    • [- dorsal interossei muscles of the foot]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, lateral}; ACTION={abduct toes}
    • [- plantar interossei muscles]; TYPE={flexor}; NERVES={plantar nerve, lateral, digital branches branch}; ACTION={adduct toes}