View source for BrainRegionNDM FD TH PV

<pre style="color: green">Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus</pre>
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNDM]] -> [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV]]
----

This page covers biological details of component Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

* '''Top-down path to region''': Forebrain Diencephalon -> Thalamus (FD.TH) -> [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]] (FD.TH.CR) -> Intralaminar and Midline Nuclei of Thalamus (FD.TH.IML) -> Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MTH) -> Dorsal Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MDT) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.PV) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
* '''Type''': nucleus
* '''Quality''': L0
* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNDM|Neocortical Brain - Decision Making Area]] (NDM)
* '''Area circuit''': Motivatory Associations (MAS)
* '''Role''': processor.affective
* '''Function''': Direct behavior toward a particular outcome over a range of outcomes
* '''Notes to function''': 
** Projects like PT, but more to BNST, AM
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


* no child items defined

= Connectivity =
(generated)


http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NDM.FD.TH.PV.dot.png

'''Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_LAVM|FAM.FT.AM.LAVM]] || Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Oculomotor decision-making (AMYG -> Thalamus, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|FAM.FT.SEP.LT]] || Lateral Septal Nucleus || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||(unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || modulatory-enk || uncertain ||(unknown reference)
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || Dorsal Raphe Nucleus || modulatory-5ht || uncertain ||(unknown reference)
|}

'''Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC|FMM.NC.PH.LEC]] || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> EC, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER|FMM.NC.PH.PER]] || Perirhinal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> Perirhinal, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|LAC.FD.HT.MPO]] || Median Preoptic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference)
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|LAC.FD.HT.SCN]] || Suprachiasmatic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS]] || Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC|NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC]] || Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
|}

= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)

* [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.large.jpg Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory] - see [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html Reference] (CT.RECOGNITION-MEMORY)

 AD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD]]
 AM=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM|Anteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.AM]]
 AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 AV=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV|Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV]]
 CM=[[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM|Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM]]
 DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 LD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]]
 MB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB]]
 MDmc=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 MID=Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus,FD.TH.MTH (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 Parasub=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PAS|Parasubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PAS]]
 Perirhinal=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER|Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER]]
 PostCingulate=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]]
 Presub=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PRS|Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS]]
 Sub=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 SubPrePara=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 mPULV=[[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|Medial Pulvinar,NPE.FD.TH.MPV]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e0a360130a8150912e9c8da5be134c54.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600 width=600>

* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg Saccadic Vision] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Reference] (CP.SACCADIC-VISION)

 BG=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
 LIP=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]]
 RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
 SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 SNpr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]]
 STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]])
 Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH
 VisualCortex=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e149203d6ac92f76e1ccabaef41666a6.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION)

 ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]])
 HT.PV=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]]
 INS=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]]
 MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
 PUT=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]]
 SOL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]]
 TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e212b5f27aa77f69673ce0cb4ce84428.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0149763415002055-gr1.jpg Dorsal midline thalamus] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763415002055 Reference] (CT.TH-PTPV)

 PT=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_TH_PT|Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus,FAM.FD.TH.PT]]
 PVT=[[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus,NDM.FD.TH.PV]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/cc34a2630336e99fc34c5984cf983269.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/images/npp2009104f10.jpg Medial prefrontal network] - see [http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/fig_tab/npp2009104f10.html Reference] (CF.DEFAULT-SYSTEM)

 BNST=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis,FAM.FT.BNST]]
 MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 PCG=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]]
 PH=Parahippocampal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PH
 RSP=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]]
 RostralCtx=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_TPC|Temporopolar Cortex,NCP.NC.TPC]]
 TH.MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 TH.PV=[[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus,NDM.FD.TH.PV]]
 VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/297cda156c786fa34c906f3c68a0bbb5.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


= References =
(generated)

* http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763415002055
* http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/fig_tab/npp2009104f10.html