Difference between revisions of "SpinalCord"

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<pre style="color: green">Spinal Cord
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<pre style="color: green">Spinal Cord</pre>
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[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[SpinalCord]]
 
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[SpinalCord]]
 
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This page is intended to discover component structure of spinal cord of biological human, sitting in between mind and peripheral organs.
 
This page is intended to discover component structure of spinal cord of biological human, sitting in between mind and peripheral organs.
  
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__TOC__
  
 
= SPINAL CORD STRUCTURE =
 
= SPINAL CORD STRUCTURE =
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http://www.ib.cnea.gov.ar/~redneu/2013/BOOKS/Principles%20of%20Neural%20Science%20-%20Kandel/gateway.ut.ovid.com/fulltextservice/ct%7B06b9ee1beed594190674f1983457a7dd32af6a0d5a4c9892~43/da6c36ff5.gif.png
 
http://www.ib.cnea.gov.ar/~redneu/2013/BOOKS/Principles%20of%20Neural%20Science%20-%20Kandel/gateway.ut.ovid.com/fulltextservice/ct%7B06b9ee1beed594190674f1983457a7dd32af6a0d5a4c9892~43/da6c36ff5.gif.png
  
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* *interneurons of indirect supraspinal connections*: primary pathway for alpha-motoneurons
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* '''interneurons of indirect supraspinal connections''': primary pathway for alpha-motoneurons
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* *renshaw interneurons*: interneurons of direct monosynaptic connections with alpha-motoneurons, some fibers of CST/LVST/RST, negative feedback on the same alpha-neurons; stop firing to be ready for next supraspinal signal
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* '''renshaw interneurons''': interneurons of direct monosynaptic connections with alpha-motoneurons, some fibers of CST/LVST/RST, negative feedback on the same alpha-neurons; stop firing to be ready for next supraspinal signal
 
* integrated rhythmic movements of upper and lower extremities like walking and running
 
* integrated rhythmic movements of upper and lower extremities like walking and running
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* *intersegmental interneurons*: reciprocal inhibition (excite agonist muscles/ inhibit antagonist muscles), feedback inhibition (selectively inhibit LMN to proper pattern in agonist muscle group)
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** '''intersegmental interneurons''': reciprocal inhibition (excite agonist muscles/ inhibit antagonist muscles), feedback inhibition (selectively inhibit LMN to proper pattern in agonist muscle group)
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* *commissural interneurons*: to contralateral neurons (crossed extensor reflexes, alternate rhythms of both upper and lower extremities during running and walking)
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** '''commissural interneurons''': to contralateral neurons (crossed extensor reflexes, alternate rhythms of both upper and lower extremities during running and walking)
  
 
== SPINAL CORD LAMINAE AND LEVELS - REFERENCE ==
 
== SPINAL CORD LAMINAE AND LEVELS - REFERENCE ==
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<img src="http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_03/a_03_cl/a_03_cl_dou/a_03_cl_dou_1d.jpg" alt="unavailable">
 
<img src="http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_03/a_03_cl/a_03_cl_dou/a_03_cl_dou_1d.jpg" alt="unavailable">
  
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|| *Level/Lamina* || *LO* || *LI* || *LII* || *LIII-IV* || *LV-VI* || *LVIIS* || *LVIIM* || *LVIII* || *LIX* || *LX* ||
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|| '''Level/Lamina''' || '''LO''' || '''LI''' || '''LII''' || '''LIII-IV''' || '''LV-VI''' || '''LVIIS''' || '''LVIIM''' || '''LVIII''' || '''LIX''' || '''LX''' ||
 
|| C1 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN || ||
 
|| C1 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN || ||
 
|| C2 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN || ||
 
|| C2 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN || ||
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= FUNCTIONAL GROUPS =
 
= FUNCTIONAL GROUPS =
  
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* *spinothalamocorticospinal cycle*:  
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* '''spinothalamocorticospinal cycle''':  
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* somatic body mechanical sensory -> {medial lemniscus system} -> VPL -> SI -> MI -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> flexors (conscious motor)
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** somatic body mechanical sensory -> {medial lemniscus system} -> VPL -> SI -> MI -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> flexors (conscious motor)
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* somatic head mechanical sensory -> {anterior trigeminothalamic tract} -> VPM -> SI (perception)
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** somatic head mechanical sensory -> {anterior trigeminothalamic tract} -> VPM -> SI (perception)
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* somatic body pain sensory -> {paleospinothalamic system} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
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** somatic body pain sensory -> {paleospinothalamic system} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
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* somatic head pain sensory -> {dorsal trigeminal tract} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
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** somatic head pain sensory -> {dorsal trigeminal tract} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
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* PMC -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> extensors (conscious motor)
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** PMC -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> extensors (conscious motor)
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* *spinohypothalamospinal cycle*: visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinohypothalamic tract} -> hypothalamus -> {hypothalamospinal tract} -> sympathetic/parasympathetic
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* '''spinohypothalamospinal cycle''': visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinohypothalamic tract} -> hypothalamus -> {hypothalamospinal tract} -> sympathetic/parasympathetic
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* *spinomesencephalospinal cycle*:  
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* '''spinomesencephalospinal cycle''':  
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* somatic pain -> MG -> {spinomesencephalic tract} -> PAG -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus -> {medullary reticulospinal tract} -> extensors (reflexive)
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** somatic pain -> MG -> {spinomesencephalic tract} -> PAG -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus -> {medullary reticulospinal tract} -> extensors (reflexive)
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* visceral pain -> IMM -> {spinomedulloreticular tract} -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus
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** visceral pain -> IMM -> {spinomedulloreticular tract} -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus
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* *spinosolitariospinal cycle*: visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinosolitary tract} -> SOL -> Parabrachial Nucleus -> SOL -> {solitariospinal system} -> diaphragm
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* '''spinosolitariospinal cycle''': visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinosolitary tract} -> SOL -> Parabrachial Nucleus -> SOL -> {solitariospinal system} -> diaphragm
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* *spinoponcoreticulocorticospinal cycle*: visceral pain -> IMM -> Medial Pontine Reticular Formation -> VA -> PMC -> {pontine reticulospinal tract} -> extensors
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* '''spinoponcoreticulocorticospinal cycle''': visceral pain -> IMM -> Medial Pontine Reticular Formation -> VA -> PMC -> {pontine reticulospinal tract} -> extensors
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* *spinotectospinal*: visceral mechanical -> NPR -> {spinotectal tract} -> Superior Colliculus -> {tectospinal tract} -> oculomotor
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* '''spinotectospinal''': visceral mechanical -> NPR -> {spinotectal tract} -> Superior Colliculus -> {tectospinal tract} -> oculomotor
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* *spinocerebellorubrospinal cycle*:  
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* '''spinocerebellorubrospinal cycle''':  
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* mechanical sensory -> {direct spinocerebellar system} -> CR -> RDN -> {corticobulbospinal system} -> flexors (automatic)
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** mechanical sensory -> {direct spinocerebellar system} -> CR -> RDN -> {corticobulbospinal system} -> flexors (automatic)
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* mechanical sensory -> Inferior Olivary Nucleus -> {spinoolivary tract} -> CR
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** mechanical sensory -> Inferior Olivary Nucleus -> {spinoolivary tract} -> CR
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* *spinovestibulospinal cycle*:
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* '''spinovestibulospinal cycle''':
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* cutaneous sensory -> CCN -> {spinovestibular tract} -> VBN
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** cutaneous sensory -> CCN -> {spinovestibular tract} -> VBN
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* VBN -> {medial vestibulospinal tract} -> upper motor extensors
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** VBN -> {medial vestibulospinal tract} -> upper motor extensors
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* VBN -> {lateral vestibulospinal tract} -> lower motor extensors
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** VBN -> {lateral vestibulospinal tract} -> lower motor extensors

Revision as of 10:51, 16 June 2015

Spinal Cord

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> SpinalCord

This page is intended to discover component structure of spinal cord of biological human, sitting in between mind and peripheral organs.

SPINAL CORD STRUCTURE

BASIC INFORMATIOIN

  • regions - cervical (C1-C8), thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5), sacral (S1-S5), coccygeal (CX = CX1-CX3)
  • width - 1 cm (thoracic/sacral) /2 cm (cervical-lumbar)
  • height - 45 cm (men)/43 cm (women)

image002.jpg

  • dorsal horn and afferent connections:

  • receptors classification: proprioceptors, nociceptors, mechanoreceptors

nrn1073-f1.jpg

  • spinal cord cross section - ascending and descending tracts

800px-Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg.png

  • motor interneurons:

da6c36ff5.gif.png

  • interneurons of indirect supraspinal connections: primary pathway for alpha-motoneurons
  • renshaw interneurons: interneurons of direct monosynaptic connections with alpha-motoneurons, some fibers of CST/LVST/RST, negative feedback on the same alpha-neurons; stop firing to be ready for next supraspinal signal
  • integrated rhythmic movements of upper and lower extremities like walking and running
    • intersegmental interneurons: reciprocal inhibition (excite agonist muscles/ inhibit antagonist muscles), feedback inhibition (selectively inhibit LMN to proper pattern in agonist muscle group)
    • commissural interneurons: to contralateral neurons (crossed extensor reflexes, alternate rhythms of both upper and lower extremities during running and walking)

SPINAL CORD LAMINAE AND LEVELS - REFERENCE

20121026103953_22628.jpg

SPINAL CORD LAMINAE AND LEVELS

(generated)

unavailable

|| Level/Lamina || LO || LI || LII || LIII-IV || LV-VI || LVIIS || LVIIM || LVIII || LIX || LX || || C1 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN || || || C2 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN || || || C3 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN,PHN || || || C4 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN,PHN,PLN,VLN || || || C5 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CBN || || VMN || SAN,PHN,PLN,VLN || || || C6 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CBN || || VMN || SAN,PLN,VLN || || || C7 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CBN || || VMN || PLN,VLN || || || C8 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || CBN || RPL || VMN || PLN,VLN || || || T1 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || RPL,IML,CSC || VMN || PMN || || || T2 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML,CSC || VMN || PMN || || || T3 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || || || T4 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || || || T5 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || || || T6 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || || || T7 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || || || T8 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || || || T9 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || || || T10 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || || || T11 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || || || T12 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || || || L1 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || DCN || || L2 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN,PLN,VLN || DCN || || L3 || || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || || || VMN || PLN,VLN || || || L4 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || PLN,VLN || || || L5 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || PLN,VLN || || || S1 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || RPL,SPS || VMN || PLN,VLN,ONN || DCN || || S2 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || RPL,SPS || VMN || ONN || DCN || || S3 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || RPL,SPS || VMN || ONN || DCN || || S4 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || || DCN || || S5 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || || || || CX || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || || ||

SUBCORTICAL SENSORY SYSTEMS

  • subcortical visual system
  • somatosensory system
  • subcortical auditory system
  • gustatory system
  • viscerosensory system
  • humerosensory system

SPINAL CORD CONNECTIVITY

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

  • spinothalamocorticospinal cycle:
    • somatic body mechanical sensory -> {medial lemniscus system} -> VPL -> SI -> MI -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> flexors (conscious motor)
    • somatic head mechanical sensory -> {anterior trigeminothalamic tract} -> VPM -> SI (perception)
    • somatic body pain sensory -> {paleospinothalamic system} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
    • somatic head pain sensory -> {dorsal trigeminal tract} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
    • PMC -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> extensors (conscious motor)
  • spinohypothalamospinal cycle: visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinohypothalamic tract} -> hypothalamus -> {hypothalamospinal tract} -> sympathetic/parasympathetic
  • spinomesencephalospinal cycle:
    • somatic pain -> MG -> {spinomesencephalic tract} -> PAG -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus -> {medullary reticulospinal tract} -> extensors (reflexive)
    • visceral pain -> IMM -> {spinomedulloreticular tract} -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus
  • spinosolitariospinal cycle: visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinosolitary tract} -> SOL -> Parabrachial Nucleus -> SOL -> {solitariospinal system} -> diaphragm
  • spinoponcoreticulocorticospinal cycle: visceral pain -> IMM -> Medial Pontine Reticular Formation -> VA -> PMC -> {pontine reticulospinal tract} -> extensors
  • spinotectospinal: visceral mechanical -> NPR -> {spinotectal tract} -> Superior Colliculus -> {tectospinal tract} -> oculomotor
  • spinocerebellorubrospinal cycle:
    • mechanical sensory -> {direct spinocerebellar system} -> CR -> RDN -> {corticobulbospinal system} -> flexors (automatic)
    • mechanical sensory -> Inferior Olivary Nucleus -> {spinoolivary tract} -> CR
  • spinovestibulospinal cycle:
    • cutaneous sensory -> CCN -> {spinovestibular tract} -> VBN
    • VBN -> {medial vestibulospinal tract} -> upper motor extensors
    • VBN -> {lateral vestibulospinal tract} -> lower motor extensors
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