Difference between revisions of "BrainPictures"

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<pre style="color: green">Neocortex Research</pre>
 
<pre style="color: green">Neocortex Research</pre>
 
[[Home]] -> [[BrainPictures]]
 
[[Home]] -> [[BrainPictures]]
 
----
 
----
  
−
<wiki:toc max_depth="2" />
+
__TOC__
  
 
= Biological Overview =
 
= Biological Overview =
Line 15: Line 14:
 
== Links to Common Terms ==
 
== Links to Common Terms ==
  
−
http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/biomodel/top.jpg
+
http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/top.jpg
  
 
* head
 
* head
−
* sensors
+
** sensors
−
* sensor data tract
+
** sensor data tract
−
* sensor control tract
+
** sensor control tract
−
* brain
+
** brain
 
* body (spinal cord)
 
* body (spinal cord)
−
* effectors
+
** effectors
−
* body feeling components
+
** body feeling components
−
* body feeling data tract
+
** body feeling data tract
−
* body feeling modulation tract
+
** body feeling modulation tract
−
* effectors control tract
+
** effectors control tract
−
* effectors feedback tract
+
** effectors feedback tract
−
* effectors feeling tract
+
** effectors feeling tract
  
 
= Biological Model =
 
= Biological Model =
Line 35: Line 34:
 
== Biological Module View ==
 
== Biological Module View ==
  
−
http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/biomodel/modules.jpg
+
http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/modules.jpg
  
 
Modules are defined as follows:
 
Modules are defined as follows:
Line 48: Line 47:
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
*Head Sensors Area (HSA)*
+
'''Head Sensors Area (HSA)'''
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Owned Functions*
+
* '''Owned Functions'''
−
* capture events from external world
+
** capture events from external world
−
* capture static data from external world
+
** capture static data from external world
−
* expressing sensing behaviour
+
** expressing sensing behaviour
−
* *Involved in Functions*
+
* '''Involved in Functions'''
−
* perceptions of various modalities
+
** perceptions of various modalities
−
* pay attention to selected area / overt attention
+
** pay attention to selected area / overt attention
−
* tracking objects / covert attention
+
** tracking objects / covert attention
−
* saccadic perception / covert attention
+
** saccadic perception / covert attention
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Inbound*
+
* '''Inbound'''
−
* (External World) -> sensor data
+
** (External World) -> sensor data
−
* PCA -> BSA -> low-level sensory control in perception
+
** PCA -> BSA -> low-level sensory control in perception
−
* ACA -> BSA -> attention area selection
+
** ACA -> BSA -> attention area selection
−
* *Outbound*
+
* '''Outbound'''
−
* sensory data -> BSA
+
** sensory data -> BSA
−
* perception control feedback -> THA -> PCA
+
** perception control feedback -> THA -> PCA
−
* attention sensor control feedback -> THA -> ACA
+
** attention sensor control feedback -> THA -> ACA
−
* sensory state expression -> (External World)
+
** sensory state expression -> (External World)
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
*Thalamus Area (THA)*
+
'''Thalamus Area (THA)'''
 
* diencephalon
 
* diencephalon
−
* thalamus
+
** thalamus
−
* hypothalamus
+
** hypothalamus
 
* limbic system
 
* limbic system
−
* septal nuclei
+
** septal nuclei
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Owned Functions*
+
* '''Owned Functions'''
−
* visceral control center of the body
+
** visceral control center of the body
−
* relaying sensation, spatial sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex
+
** relaying sensation, spatial sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex
−
* regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness
+
** regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness
−
* control memory, attention and alertness  
+
** control memory, attention and alertness  
−
* controller of theta rhythm
+
** controller of theta rhythm
−
* *Involved in Functions*
+
* '''Involved in Functions'''
−
* effector control system
+
** effector control system
−
* perceptions of various modalities
+
** perceptions of various modalities
−
* cortical regulation of the thalamic activity
+
** cortical regulation of the thalamic activity
−
* modulatory, life support and the sleep/wake cycle
+
** modulatory, life support and the sleep/wake cycle
−
* attention, planning, organization
+
** attention, planning, organization
−
* abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory
+
** abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Relay*
+
* '''Relay'''
−
* BSA -> sensor data -> PCA
+
** BSA -> sensor data -> PCA
−
* BSA -> sensor data (lateral posterior nucleus, pulvinar) -> HCA
+
** BSA -> sensor data (lateral posterior nucleus, pulvinar) -> HCA
−
* BSA -> perception (intralaminar) -> BGA
+
** BSA -> perception (intralaminar) -> BGA
−
* BSA -> cerebellum effector control feedback -> ACA
+
** BSA -> cerebellum effector control feedback -> ACA
−
* BSA -> body sensations -> ACA
+
** BSA -> body sensations -> ACA
−
* BSA -> pain -> PCA
+
** BSA -> pain -> PCA
−
* HCA -> alerts, (anterior/medial nuclei) -> ACA
+
** HCA -> alerts, (anterior/medial nuclei) -> ACA
−
* BGA -> sensory data (ventral posterolateral/posteromedial nucleus) -> ACA
+
** BGA -> sensory data (ventral posterolateral/posteromedial nucleus) -> ACA
−
* BGA -> striatum effector control feedback -> ACA
+
** BGA -> striatum effector control feedback -> ACA
−
* *Reciprocal*
+
* '''Reciprocal'''
−
* PCA -> (medial nuclei) -> PCA
+
** PCA -> (medial nuclei) -> PCA
−
* HCA -> (anterior nuclei) -> HCA
+
** HCA -> (anterior nuclei) -> HCA
−
* ACA -> (medial nuclei) -> ACA
+
** ACA -> (medial nuclei) -> ACA
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
*Anterior Cortex Area (ACA)*
+
'''Anterior Cortex Area (ACA)'''
 
* frontal lobe
 
* frontal lobe
 
* parietal lobe
 
* parietal lobe
−
* primary somatosensory cortex
+
** primary somatosensory cortex
 
* limbic system
 
* limbic system
−
* cingulate cortex
+
** cingulate cortex
−
  * anterior cingulate cortex
+
*** anterior cingulate cortex
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Owned Functions*
+
* '''Owned Functions'''
−
* self-consciousness / personality / identity
+
** self-consciousness / personality / identity
−
* top-level complex planning / imagination
+
** top-level complex planning / imagination
−
* inhibition control
+
** inhibition control
−
* model of good ideal behaviour / morality
+
** model of good ideal behaviour / morality
−
* top-level patterned effector actions
+
** top-level patterned effector actions
−
* cortex individual effector actions and sensor control
+
** cortex individual effector actions and sensor control
−
* top-level error and conflict detection
+
** top-level error and conflict detection
−
* guide task selection
+
** guide task selection
−
* monitor progress
+
** monitor progress
−
* basic sensations of the body
+
** basic sensations of the body
−
* working memory
+
** working memory
−
* *Involved in Functions*
+
* '''Involved in Functions'''
−
* sensory integration
+
** sensory integration
−
* representing the affective value of reinforcers
+
** representing the affective value of reinforcers
−
* decision-making   
+
** decision-making   
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Inbound*
+
* '''Inbound'''
−
* BGA -> THA -> sensory data
+
** BGA -> THA -> sensory data
−
* PCA -> perception data
+
** PCA -> perception data
−
* HCA -> past experience
+
** HCA -> past experience
−
* HCA -> reward signals (orbitomedial PFC)
+
** HCA -> reward signals (orbitomedial PFC)
−
* BSA -> THA -> body senses
+
** BSA -> THA -> body senses
−
* THA -> bioregulatory responses
+
** THA -> bioregulatory responses
−
* *Outbound*
+
* '''Outbound'''
−
* current converged sensory input (pcf) -> HCA
+
** current converged sensory input (pcf) -> HCA
−
* motor/behavioral commands -> PCA
+
** motor/behavioral commands -> PCA
−
* reward, feedback to bias flow along expectation -> PCA
+
** reward, feedback to bias flow along expectation -> PCA
−
* motor control -> BSA
+
** motor control -> BSA
−
* anti-inhibitory emotional context -> BGA
+
** anti-inhibitory emotional context -> BGA
−
* inhibitory emotional context -> BGA
+
** inhibitory emotional context -> BGA
−
* guidance of movement -> BGA
+
** guidance of movement -> BGA
−
* (premotor) -> THA
+
** (premotor) -> THA
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
*Posterior Cortex Area (PCA)*
+
'''Posterior Cortex Area (PCA)'''
 
* occipital lobe
 
* occipital lobe
 
* parietal lobe
 
* parietal lobe
−
* superior parietal lobule
+
** superior parietal lobule
−
* inferior parietal lobule
+
** inferior parietal lobule
−
* intraparietal sulcus
+
** intraparietal sulcus
−
* general interpretation area
+
** general interpretation area
 
* limbic system
 
* limbic system
−
* cingulate cortex
+
** cingulate cortex
−
  * posterior cingulate cortex
+
*** posterior cingulate cortex
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Owned Functions*
+
* '''Owned Functions'''
−
* body sensations relationships / body image
+
** body sensations relationships / body image
−
* opinions
+
** opinions
−
* simple specific sensor spatial primitives
+
** simple specific sensor spatial primitives
−
* intermediate specific sensor spatial and temporal patterns
+
** intermediate specific sensor spatial and temporal patterns
−
* object representation from specific sensor
+
** object representation from specific sensor
−
* episodic memory, emotion, navigation, resting
+
** episodic memory, emotion, navigation, resting
−
* *Involved in Functions*
+
* '''Involved in Functions'''
−
* semantics
+
** semantics
−
* reading both in regards to meaning and phonology
+
** reading both in regards to meaning and phonology
−
* guidance of limb and eye movement
+
** guidance of limb and eye movement
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Inbound*
+
* '''Inbound'''
−
* HSA -> BSA -> THA -> sensory data
+
** HSA -> BSA -> THA -> sensory data
−
* HSA -> BSA -> THA -> sensory perception control feedback
+
** HSA -> BSA -> THA -> sensory perception control feedback
−
* HCA -> THA -> long-term memory sequences
+
** HCA -> THA -> long-term memory sequences
−
* BSA -> THA -> pain
+
** BSA -> THA -> pain
−
* ACA -> reward, feedback to bias flow along expectation
+
** ACA -> reward, feedback to bias flow along expectation
−
* *Outbound*
+
* '''Outbound'''
−
* sensory data -> HCA
+
** sensory data -> HCA
−
* associations -> THA -> ACA
+
** associations -> THA -> ACA
−
* guide saccadic perception -> BSA -> HSA
+
** guide saccadic perception -> BSA -> HSA
−
* feelings -> ACA
+
** feelings -> ACA
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
*Hippocampus Area (HCA)*
+
'''Hippocampus Area (HCA)'''
 
* temporal lobe
 
* temporal lobe
 
* limbic system
 
* limbic system
−
* hippocampus
+
** hippocampus
−
* fornix
+
** fornix
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Owned Functions*
+
* '''Owned Functions'''
−
* specific sensor perception and memory
+
** specific sensor perception and memory
−
* working memory
+
** working memory
−
* autobiographical/declarative/episodic memories
+
** autobiographical/declarative/episodic memories
−
* formation and storing spatial declarative memory
+
** formation and storing spatial declarative memory
−
* encoding and recognition of scenes, spatial relations
+
** encoding and recognition of scenes, spatial relations
−
* detection of novel events, places and stimuli, spatial coding
+
** detection of novel events, places and stimuli, spatial coding
−
* distinguishing multiple instances of similar events, multiple visits to the same location
+
** distinguishing multiple instances of similar events, multiple visits to the same location
−
* emotional and affective state
+
** emotional and affective state
−
* distinguishing stress and depression
+
** distinguishing stress and depression
−
* assigning stimuli to categorical classes
+
** assigning stimuli to categorical classes
−
* habits, visceral sensations
+
** habits, visceral sensations
−
* *Involved in Functions*
+
* '''Involved in Functions'''
−
* memory consolidation
+
** memory consolidation
−
* memory optimization in sleep
+
** memory optimization in sleep
−
* recognition and identification of environmental stimuli
+
** recognition and identification of environmental stimuli
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Inbound*
+
* '''Inbound'''
−
* PCA -> primary and secondary sensory perception
+
** PCA -> primary and secondary sensory perception
−
* PCA -> polymodal/associative sensory perception
+
** PCA -> polymodal/associative sensory perception
−
* ACA -> converged sensory input
+
** ACA -> converged sensory input
−
* BSA -> sensory input (hierarchical sensory pathway)
+
** BSA -> sensory input (hierarchical sensory pathway)
−
* THA -> emotional stimulus
+
** THA -> emotional stimulus
−
* THA -> modulatory inputs
+
** THA -> modulatory inputs
−
* THA (septum) -> (fornix) -> initiation of hippocampal thata-rithm
+
** THA (septum) -> (fornix) -> initiation of hippocampal thata-rithm
−
* *Outbound*
+
* '''Outbound'''
−
* sensory association -> BGA
+
** sensory association -> BGA
−
* reward signals -> ACA
+
** reward signals -> ACA
−
* past experience -> ACA
+
** past experience -> ACA
−
* mismatch signal (to raise ACh in HC to facilitate encoding) -> THA (septum)
+
** mismatch signal (to raise ACh in HC to facilitate encoding) -> THA (septum)
−
* match signal (to attenuate ACh in HC to facilitate retrieval) -> THA (septum)
+
** match signal (to attenuate ACh in HC to facilitate retrieval) -> THA (septum)
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
*Basal Ganglia Area (BGA)*
+
'''Basal Ganglia Area (BGA)'''
 
* limbic system
 
* limbic system
−
* basal ganglia
+
** basal ganglia
−
* amygdala
+
** amygdala
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Owned Functions*
+
* '''Owned Functions'''
−
* starting, stopping and monitoring movement
+
** starting, stopping and monitoring movement
−
* inhibit unnecessary movement
+
** inhibit unnecessary movement
−
* planning and modulation of actions, regulate actions
+
** planning and modulation of actions, regulate actions
−
* reward, pleasure, addiction, fear
+
** reward, pleasure, addiction, fear
−
* reward and incentive motivation
+
** reward and incentive motivation
−
* acquisition and maintenance of a new strategy
+
** acquisition and maintenance of a new strategy
−
* mediate learning about irrelevant stimuli
+
** mediate learning about irrelevant stimuli
−
* action selection
+
** action selection
−
* block slow thinking
+
** block slow thinking
−
* quick threat assessment
+
** quick threat assessment
−
* signalling cortex of motivationally significant stimuli
+
** signalling cortex of motivationally significant stimuli
−
* *Involved in Functions*
+
* '''Involved in Functions'''
−
* learning and memory system
+
** learning and memory system
−
* influence various types of learning
+
** influence various types of learning
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Inbound*
+
* '''Inbound'''
−
* ACA -> anti-inhibitory emotional context
+
** ACA -> anti-inhibitory emotional context
−
* ACA -> inhibitory emotional context
+
** ACA -> inhibitory emotional context
−
* HCA -> sensory association
+
** HCA -> sensory association
−
* *Outbound*
+
* '''Outbound'''
−
* regulation -> ACA
+
** regulation -> ACA
−
* cognition -> ACA
+
** cognition -> ACA
−
* instant actions -> BSA
+
** instant actions -> BSA
−
* sensory data (auditory, dorsal auditory pathway) -> PCA
+
** sensory data (auditory, dorsal auditory pathway) -> PCA
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
*Brain Stem Area (BSA)*
+
'''Brain Stem Area (BSA)'''
 
* brain stem
 
* brain stem
 
* cerebellum
 
* cerebellum
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Owned Functions*
+
* '''Owned Functions'''
−
* autonomic behavior, autonomic, involuntary functions
+
** autonomic behavior, autonomic, involuntary functions
−
* integrate sensors and effectors for precise timing of actions
+
** integrate sensors and effectors for precise timing of actions
−
* maintain wakefulness and attention
+
** maintain wakefulness and attention
−
* modulation of outbound effectors information
+
** modulation of outbound effectors information
−
* preliminary specific sensor processing
+
** preliminary specific sensor processing
−
* complex actions, sequential thinking
+
** complex actions, sequential thinking
−
* attention, coordination, precision, and accurate timing
+
** attention, coordination, precision, and accurate timing
−
* inhibits neuronal maturation
+
** inhibits neuronal maturation
−
* *Involved in Functions*
+
* '''Involved in Functions'''
−
* control of specific sensor
+
** control of specific sensor
−
* many unconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways
+
** many unconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways
−
* sensor control, effector planning
+
** sensor control, effector planning
−
* reward seeking, learning, and addiction
+
** reward seeking, learning, and addiction
−
* sleep, equilibrium, sensor control, expressing emotions
+
** sleep, equilibrium, sensor control, expressing emotions
−
* control actions power and coordination of multiple actions
+
** control actions power and coordination of multiple actions
−
* control cerebellum/basal ganglia/neocortex effector actions
+
** control cerebellum/basal ganglia/neocortex effector actions
−
* planning actions
+
** planning actions
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Inbound*
+
* '''Inbound'''
−
* TBD
+
** TBD
−
* *Outbound*
+
* '''Outbound'''
−
* TBD
+
** TBD
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
*Spinal Cord Area (SCA)* (Body)
+
'''Spinal Cord Area (SCA)''' (Body)
 
* spinal cord
 
* spinal cord
 
* (peripheral nervous system)
 
* (peripheral nervous system)
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Owned Functions*
+
* '''Owned Functions'''
−
* body feeling
+
** body feeling
−
* affect general body state
+
** affect general body state
−
* generating proprioceptive information
+
** generating proprioceptive information
−
* conveys inconscient proprioceptive information
+
** conveys inconscient proprioceptive information
−
* *Involved in Functions*
+
* '''Involved in Functions'''
−
* activate effectors
+
** activate effectors
−
* distal effector actions
+
** distal effector actions
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
<td>
 
<td>
−
* *Inbound*
+
* '''Inbound'''
−
* TBD
+
** TBD
−
* *Outbound*
+
* '''Outbound'''
−
* TBD
+
** TBD
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Line 347: Line 346:
 
== Biological Paths ==
 
== Biological Paths ==
  
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_fasciculus|neural pathway connecting the posterior part of the temporoparietal junction with the frontal cortex]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_fasciculus neural pathway connecting the posterior part of the temporoparietal junction with the frontal cortex]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway|sensory pathway transmitting fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebral cortex]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway sensory pathway transmitting fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebral cortex]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinothalamic_tract|sensory pathway originating in the spinal cord and transmitting pain, temperature, itch and crude touch to the thalamus]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinothalamic_tract sensory pathway originating in the spinal cord and transmitting pain, temperature, itch and crude touch to the thalamus]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract|pathway arising from motor area of the cerebral cortex and controlling movement of ipsilateral limbs]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract pathway arising from motor area of the cerebral cortex and controlling movement of ipsilateral limbs]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract|pathway, conducting voluntary motor impulses from primary motor cortex to the motor centers of the cord]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract pathway, conducting voluntary motor impulses from primary motor cortex to the motor centers of the cord]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract|pathway connecting the cerebral cortex to the medulla in brainstem, controlling muscles of the face, head and neck]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract pathway connecting the cerebral cortex to the medulla in brainstem, controlling muscles of the face, head and neck]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum|pathway connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitating interhemispheric communication]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum pathway connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitating interhemispheric communication]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocortical_pathway|pathway connecting ventral tegmentum to frontal cerebral cortex, involved in motivation and emotional response]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocortical_pathway pathway connecting ventral tegmentum to frontal cerebral cortex, involved in motivation and emotional response]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolimbic_pathway|pathway begins in midbrain and connects to striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolimbic_pathway pathway begins in midbrain and connects to striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrostriatal_pathway|pathway connecting substantia nigra with striatum, involved in production of movement]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrostriatal_pathway pathway connecting substantia nigra with striatum, involved in production of movement]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberoinfundibular_pathway|intra-hypothalamus pathway, involved in regulation of lactation, menstrual cycle, vision, blood flow and sexual functions]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberoinfundibular_pathway intra-hypothalamus pathway, involved in regulation of lactation, menstrual cycle, vision, blood flow and sexual functions]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_stream|ventral stream travels to the temporal lobe and is involved with object identification]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_stream ventral stream travels to the temporal lobe and is involved with object identification]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_stream|dorsal stream stretches from the primary visual cortex (V1) in the occipital lobe forward into the parietal lobe]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_stream dorsal stream stretches from the primary visual cortex (V1) in the occipital lobe forward into the parietal lobe]
−
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papez_circuit|Papez circuit, one of major pathways of limbic system and is involved in cortical control of emotion]]
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papez_circuit Papez circuit, one of major pathways of limbic system and is involved in cortical control of emotion]
  
  
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Operating of the mind as a whole. Mind parts.
 
Operating of the mind as a whole. Mind parts.
  
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* [[http://www.humanneurophysiology.com/imageshypothalami/fig-12.gif|From Cortex to Old Brain]]
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* [http://www.humanneurophysiology.com/imageshypothalami/fig-12.gif From Cortex to Old Brain]
  
 
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Latest revision as of 18:54, 28 November 2018

Neocortex Research

Home -> BrainPictures

Biological Overview

Biological Hierarchy

Links to Common Terms

top.jpg

  • head
    • sensors
    • sensor data tract
    • sensor control tract
    • brain
  • body (spinal cord)
    • effectors
    • body feeling components
    • body feeling data tract
    • body feeling modulation tract
    • effectors control tract
    • effectors feedback tract
    • effectors feeling tract

Biological Model

Biological Module View

modules.jpg

Modules are defined as follows:

Module and allocated areas Functions Flows

Head Sensors Area (HSA)

  • Owned Functions
    • capture events from external world
    • capture static data from external world
    • expressing sensing behaviour
  • Involved in Functions
    • perceptions of various modalities
    • pay attention to selected area / overt attention
    • tracking objects / covert attention
    • saccadic perception / covert attention
  • Inbound
    • (External World) -> sensor data
    • PCA -> BSA -> low-level sensory control in perception
    • ACA -> BSA -> attention area selection
  • Outbound
    • sensory data -> BSA
    • perception control feedback -> THA -> PCA
    • attention sensor control feedback -> THA -> ACA
    • sensory state expression -> (External World)

Thalamus Area (THA)

  • diencephalon
    • thalamus
    • hypothalamus
  • limbic system
    • septal nuclei
  • Owned Functions
    • visceral control center of the body
    • relaying sensation, spatial sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex
    • regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness
    • control memory, attention and alertness
    • controller of theta rhythm
  • Involved in Functions
    • effector control system
    • perceptions of various modalities
    • cortical regulation of the thalamic activity
    • modulatory, life support and the sleep/wake cycle
    • attention, planning, organization
    • abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory
  • Relay
    • BSA -> sensor data -> PCA
    • BSA -> sensor data (lateral posterior nucleus, pulvinar) -> HCA
    • BSA -> perception (intralaminar) -> BGA
    • BSA -> cerebellum effector control feedback -> ACA
    • BSA -> body sensations -> ACA
    • BSA -> pain -> PCA
    • HCA -> alerts, (anterior/medial nuclei) -> ACA
    • BGA -> sensory data (ventral posterolateral/posteromedial nucleus) -> ACA
    • BGA -> striatum effector control feedback -> ACA
  • Reciprocal
    • PCA -> (medial nuclei) -> PCA
    • HCA -> (anterior nuclei) -> HCA
    • ACA -> (medial nuclei) -> ACA

Anterior Cortex Area (ACA)

  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
    • primary somatosensory cortex
  • limbic system
    • cingulate cortex
      • anterior cingulate cortex
  • Owned Functions
    • self-consciousness / personality / identity
    • top-level complex planning / imagination
    • inhibition control
    • model of good ideal behaviour / morality
    • top-level patterned effector actions
    • cortex individual effector actions and sensor control
    • top-level error and conflict detection
    • guide task selection
    • monitor progress
    • basic sensations of the body
    • working memory
  • Involved in Functions
    • sensory integration
    • representing the affective value of reinforcers
    • decision-making
  • Inbound
    • BGA -> THA -> sensory data
    • PCA -> perception data
    • HCA -> past experience
    • HCA -> reward signals (orbitomedial PFC)
    • BSA -> THA -> body senses
    • THA -> bioregulatory responses
  • Outbound
    • current converged sensory input (pcf) -> HCA
    • motor/behavioral commands -> PCA
    • reward, feedback to bias flow along expectation -> PCA
    • motor control -> BSA
    • anti-inhibitory emotional context -> BGA
    • inhibitory emotional context -> BGA
    • guidance of movement -> BGA
    • (premotor) -> THA

Posterior Cortex Area (PCA)

  • occipital lobe
  • parietal lobe
    • superior parietal lobule
    • inferior parietal lobule
    • intraparietal sulcus
    • general interpretation area
  • limbic system
    • cingulate cortex
      • posterior cingulate cortex
  • Owned Functions
    • body sensations relationships / body image
    • opinions
    • simple specific sensor spatial primitives
    • intermediate specific sensor spatial and temporal patterns
    • object representation from specific sensor
    • episodic memory, emotion, navigation, resting
  • Involved in Functions
    • semantics
    • reading both in regards to meaning and phonology
    • guidance of limb and eye movement
  • Inbound
    • HSA -> BSA -> THA -> sensory data
    • HSA -> BSA -> THA -> sensory perception control feedback
    • HCA -> THA -> long-term memory sequences
    • BSA -> THA -> pain
    • ACA -> reward, feedback to bias flow along expectation
  • Outbound
    • sensory data -> HCA
    • associations -> THA -> ACA
    • guide saccadic perception -> BSA -> HSA
    • feelings -> ACA

Hippocampus Area (HCA)

  • temporal lobe
  • limbic system
    • hippocampus
    • fornix
  • Owned Functions
    • specific sensor perception and memory
    • working memory
    • autobiographical/declarative/episodic memories
    • formation and storing spatial declarative memory
    • encoding and recognition of scenes, spatial relations
    • detection of novel events, places and stimuli, spatial coding
    • distinguishing multiple instances of similar events, multiple visits to the same location
    • emotional and affective state
    • distinguishing stress and depression
    • assigning stimuli to categorical classes
    • habits, visceral sensations
  • Involved in Functions
    • memory consolidation
    • memory optimization in sleep
    • recognition and identification of environmental stimuli
  • Inbound
    • PCA -> primary and secondary sensory perception
    • PCA -> polymodal/associative sensory perception
    • ACA -> converged sensory input
    • BSA -> sensory input (hierarchical sensory pathway)
    • THA -> emotional stimulus
    • THA -> modulatory inputs
    • THA (septum) -> (fornix) -> initiation of hippocampal thata-rithm
  • Outbound
    • sensory association -> BGA
    • reward signals -> ACA
    • past experience -> ACA
    • mismatch signal (to raise ACh in HC to facilitate encoding) -> THA (septum)
    • match signal (to attenuate ACh in HC to facilitate retrieval) -> THA (septum)

Basal Ganglia Area (BGA)

  • limbic system
    • basal ganglia
    • amygdala
  • Owned Functions
    • starting, stopping and monitoring movement
    • inhibit unnecessary movement
    • planning and modulation of actions, regulate actions
    • reward, pleasure, addiction, fear
    • reward and incentive motivation
    • acquisition and maintenance of a new strategy
    • mediate learning about irrelevant stimuli
    • action selection
    • block slow thinking
    • quick threat assessment
    • signalling cortex of motivationally significant stimuli
  • Involved in Functions
    • learning and memory system
    • influence various types of learning
  • Inbound
    • ACA -> anti-inhibitory emotional context
    • ACA -> inhibitory emotional context
    • HCA -> sensory association
  • Outbound
    • regulation -> ACA
    • cognition -> ACA
    • instant actions -> BSA
    • sensory data (auditory, dorsal auditory pathway) -> PCA

Brain Stem Area (BSA)

  • brain stem
  • cerebellum
  • Owned Functions
    • autonomic behavior, autonomic, involuntary functions
    • integrate sensors and effectors for precise timing of actions
    • maintain wakefulness and attention
    • modulation of outbound effectors information
    • preliminary specific sensor processing
    • complex actions, sequential thinking
    • attention, coordination, precision, and accurate timing
    • inhibits neuronal maturation
  • Involved in Functions
    • control of specific sensor
    • many unconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways
    • sensor control, effector planning
    • reward seeking, learning, and addiction
    • sleep, equilibrium, sensor control, expressing emotions
    • control actions power and coordination of multiple actions
    • control cerebellum/basal ganglia/neocortex effector actions
    • planning actions
  • Inbound
    • TBD
  • Outbound
    • TBD

Spinal Cord Area (SCA) (Body)

  • spinal cord
  • (peripheral nervous system)
  • Owned Functions
    • body feeling
    • affect general body state
    • generating proprioceptive information
    • conveys inconscient proprioceptive information
  • Involved in Functions
    • activate effectors
    • distal effector actions
  • Inbound
    • TBD
  • Outbound
    • TBD

Biological Paths


Biological Life Pictures

Operating of the mind as a whole. Mind parts.

fig-12.gif

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