Difference between revisions of "SpinalCord"

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<pre style="color: green">Spinal Cord</pre>
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<pre style="color: green">Spinal Cord
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</pre>
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[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[SpinalCord]]
 
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[SpinalCord]]
 
----
 
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This page is intended to discover component structure of spinal cord of biological human, sitting in between mind and peripheral organs.
 
This page is intended to discover component structure of spinal cord of biological human, sitting in between mind and peripheral organs.
  
−
<wiki:toc max_depth="3" />
+
__TOC__
  
 
= SPINAL CORD STRUCTURE =
 
= SPINAL CORD STRUCTURE =
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* dorsal horn and afferent connections:
 
* dorsal horn and afferent connections:
  
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<img src="http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/43833/media/image2.jpeg" height=400>
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<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/ed9102b0c146484c779f86f35f83914c.jpeg" alt=(null)
 
    
 
    
 
* receptors classification: proprioceptors, nociceptors, mechanoreceptors
 
* receptors classification: proprioceptors, nociceptors, mechanoreceptors
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http://www.ib.cnea.gov.ar/~redneu/2013/BOOKS/Principles%20of%20Neural%20Science%20-%20Kandel/gateway.ut.ovid.com/fulltextservice/ct%7B06b9ee1beed594190674f1983457a7dd32af6a0d5a4c9892~43/da6c36ff5.gif.png
 
http://www.ib.cnea.gov.ar/~redneu/2013/BOOKS/Principles%20of%20Neural%20Science%20-%20Kandel/gateway.ut.ovid.com/fulltextservice/ct%7B06b9ee1beed594190674f1983457a7dd32af6a0d5a4c9892~43/da6c36ff5.gif.png
  
−
* *interneurons of indirect supraspinal connections*: primary pathway for alpha-motoneurons
+
* '''interneurons of indirect supraspinal connections''': primary pathway for alpha-motoneurons
−
* *renshaw interneurons*: interneurons of direct monosynaptic connections with alpha-motoneurons, some fibers of CST/LVST/RST, negative feedback on the same alpha-neurons; stop firing to be ready for next supraspinal signal
+
* '''renshaw interneurons''': interneurons of direct monosynaptic connections with alpha-motoneurons, some fibers of CST/LVST/RST, negative feedback on the same alpha-neurons; stop firing to be ready for next supraspinal signal
 
* integrated rhythmic movements of upper and lower extremities like walking and running
 
* integrated rhythmic movements of upper and lower extremities like walking and running
−
* *intersegmental interneurons*: reciprocal inhibition (excite agonist muscles/ inhibit antagonist muscles), feedback inhibition (selectively inhibit LMN to proper pattern in agonist muscle group)
+
** '''intersegmental interneurons''': reciprocal inhibition (excite agonist muscles/ inhibit antagonist muscles), feedback inhibition (selectively inhibit LMN to proper pattern in agonist muscle group)
−
* *commissural interneurons*: to contralateral neurons (crossed extensor reflexes, alternate rhythms of both upper and lower extremities during running and walking)
+
** '''commissural interneurons''': to contralateral neurons (crossed extensor reflexes, alternate rhythms of both upper and lower extremities during running and walking)
  
 
== SPINAL CORD LAMINAE AND LEVELS - REFERENCE ==
 
== SPINAL CORD LAMINAE AND LEVELS - REFERENCE ==
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(generated)
 
(generated)
  
−
<img src="http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_03/a_03_cl/a_03_cl_dou/a_03_cl_dou_1d.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/d7fd94d000e86c1c218aa45a3f9a31c3.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
|| *Level/Lamina* || *LO* || *LI* || *LII* || *LIII-IV* || *LV-VI* || *LVIIS* || *LVIIM* || *LVIII* || *LIX* || *LX* ||
+
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
|| C1 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN || ||
+
| '''Level/Lamina''' || '''LO''' || '''LI''' || '''LII''' || '''LIII-IV''' || '''LV-VI''' || '''LVIIS''' || '''LVIIM''' || '''LVIII''' || '''LIX''' || '''LX'''
−
|| C2 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN || ||
+
|-
−
|| C3 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN,PHN || ||
+
| C1 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN ||
−
|| C4 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN,PHN,PLN,VLN || ||
+
|-
−
|| C5 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CBN || || VMN || SAN,PHN,PLN,VLN || ||
+
| C2 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN ||
−
|| C6 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CBN || || VMN || SAN,PLN,VLN || ||
+
|-
−
|| C7 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CBN || || VMN || PLN,VLN || ||
+
| C3 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN,PHN ||
−
|| C8 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || CBN || RPL || VMN || PLN,VLN || ||
+
|-
−
|| T1 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || RPL,IML,CSC || VMN || PMN || ||
+
| C4 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CCN || || VMN || SAN,PHN,PLN,VLN ||
−
|| T2 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML,CSC || VMN || PMN || ||
+
|-
−
|| T3 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || ||
+
| C5 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CBN || || VMN || SAN,PHN,PLN,VLN ||
−
|| T4 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || ||
+
|-
−
|| T5 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || ||
+
| C6 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CBN || || VMN || SAN,PLN,VLN ||
−
|| T6 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || ||
+
|-
−
|| T7 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || ||
+
| C7 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || ACN || CBN || || VMN || PLN,VLN ||
−
|| T8 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || ||
+
|-
−
|| T9 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || ||
+
| C8 || LCN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || CBN || RPL || VMN || PLN,VLN ||
−
|| T10 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || ||
+
|-
−
|| T11 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || ||
+
| T1 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || RPL,IML,CSC || VMN || PMN ||
−
|| T12 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || ||
+
|-
−
|| L1 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || DCN ||
+
| T2 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML,CSC || VMN || PMN ||
−
|| L2 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN,PLN,VLN || DCN ||
+
|-
−
|| L3 || || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || || || VMN || PLN,VLN || ||
+
| T3 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN ||
−
|| L4 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || PLN,VLN || ||
+
|-
−
|| L5 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || PLN,VLN || ||
+
| T4 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN ||
−
|| S1 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || RPL,SPS || VMN || PLN,VLN,ONN || DCN ||
+
|-
−
|| S2 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || RPL,SPS || VMN || ONN || DCN ||
+
| T5 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN ||
−
|| S3 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || RPL,SPS || VMN || ONN || DCN ||
+
|-
−
|| S4 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || || DCN ||
+
| T6 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN ||
−
|| S5 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || || ||
+
|-
−
|| CX || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || || ||
+
| T7 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN ||
 +
|-
 +
| T8 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN ||
 +
|-
 +
| T9 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN ||
 +
|-
 +
| T10 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN ||
 +
|-
 +
| T11 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN ||
 +
|-
 +
| T12 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN ||
 +
|-
 +
| L1 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN || DCN
 +
|-
 +
| L2 || LSN || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || IMM || IML || VMN || PMN,PLN,VLN || DCN
 +
|-
 +
| L3 || || MG || SG || NPR || CLN || || || VMN || PLN,VLN ||
 +
|-
 +
| L4 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || PLN,VLN ||
 +
|-
 +
| L5 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || PLN,VLN ||
 +
|-
 +
| S1 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || RPL,SPS || VMN || PLN,VLN,ONN || DCN
 +
|-
 +
| S2 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || RPL,SPS || VMN || ONN || DCN
 +
|-
 +
| S3 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || RPL,SPS || VMN || ONN || DCN
 +
|-
 +
| S4 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || || DCN
 +
|-
 +
| S5 || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || ||
 +
|-
 +
| CX || || MG || SG || NPR || || || || VMN || ||
 +
|}
  
 
== SUBCORTICAL SENSORY SYSTEMS ==
 
== SUBCORTICAL SENSORY SYSTEMS ==
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= FUNCTIONAL GROUPS =
 
= FUNCTIONAL GROUPS =
  
−
* *spinothalamocorticospinal cycle*:  
+
* '''spinothalamocorticospinal cycle''':  
−
* somatic body mechanical sensory -> {medial lemniscus system} -> VPL -> SI -> MI -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> flexors (conscious motor)
+
** somatic body mechanical sensory -> {medial lemniscus system} -> VPL -> SI -> MI -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> flexors (conscious motor)
−
* somatic head mechanical sensory -> {anterior trigeminothalamic tract} -> VPM -> SI (perception)
+
** somatic head mechanical sensory -> {anterior trigeminothalamic tract} -> VPM -> SI (perception)
−
* somatic body pain sensory -> {paleospinothalamic system} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
+
** somatic body pain sensory -> {paleospinothalamic system} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
−
* somatic head pain sensory -> {dorsal trigeminal tract} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
+
** somatic head pain sensory -> {dorsal trigeminal tract} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
−
* PMC -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> extensors (conscious motor)
+
** PMC -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> extensors (conscious motor)
−
* *spinohypothalamospinal cycle*: visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinohypothalamic tract} -> hypothalamus -> {hypothalamospinal tract} -> sympathetic/parasympathetic
+
* '''spinohypothalamospinal cycle''': visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinohypothalamic tract} -> hypothalamus -> {hypothalamospinal tract} -> sympathetic/parasympathetic
−
* *spinomesencephalospinal cycle*:  
+
* '''spinomesencephalospinal cycle''':  
−
* somatic pain -> MG -> {spinomesencephalic tract} -> PAG -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus -> {medullary reticulospinal tract} -> extensors (reflexive)
+
** somatic pain -> MG -> {spinomesencephalic tract} -> PAG -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus -> {medullary reticulospinal tract} -> extensors (reflexive)
−
* visceral pain -> IMM -> {spinomedulloreticular tract} -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus
+
** visceral pain -> IMM -> {spinomedulloreticular tract} -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus
−
* *spinosolitariospinal cycle*: visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinosolitary tract} -> SOL -> Parabrachial Nucleus -> SOL -> {solitariospinal system} -> diaphragm
+
* '''spinosolitariospinal cycle''': visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinosolitary tract} -> SOL -> Parabrachial Nucleus -> SOL -> {solitariospinal system} -> diaphragm
−
* *spinoponcoreticulocorticospinal cycle*: visceral pain -> IMM -> Medial Pontine Reticular Formation -> VA -> PMC -> {pontine reticulospinal tract} -> extensors
+
* '''spinoponcoreticulocorticospinal cycle''': visceral pain -> IMM -> Medial Pontine Reticular Formation -> VA -> PMC -> {pontine reticulospinal tract} -> extensors
−
* *spinotectospinal*: visceral mechanical -> NPR -> {spinotectal tract} -> Superior Colliculus -> {tectospinal tract} -> oculomotor
+
* '''spinotectospinal''': visceral mechanical -> NPR -> {spinotectal tract} -> Superior Colliculus -> {tectospinal tract} -> oculomotor
−
* *spinocerebellorubrospinal cycle*:  
+
* '''spinocerebellorubrospinal cycle''':  
−
* mechanical sensory -> {direct spinocerebellar system} -> CR -> RDN -> {corticobulbospinal system} -> flexors (automatic)
+
** mechanical sensory -> {direct spinocerebellar system} -> CR -> RDN -> {corticobulbospinal system} -> flexors (automatic)
−
* mechanical sensory -> Inferior Olivary Nucleus -> {spinoolivary tract} -> CR
+
** mechanical sensory -> Inferior Olivary Nucleus -> {spinoolivary tract} -> CR
−
* *spinovestibulospinal cycle*:
+
* '''spinovestibulospinal cycle''':
−
* cutaneous sensory -> CCN -> {spinovestibular tract} -> VBN
+
** cutaneous sensory -> CCN -> {spinovestibular tract} -> VBN
−
* VBN -> {medial vestibulospinal tract} -> upper motor extensors
+
** VBN -> {medial vestibulospinal tract} -> upper motor extensors
−
* VBN -> {lateral vestibulospinal tract} -> lower motor extensors
+
** VBN -> {lateral vestibulospinal tract} -> lower motor extensors

Latest revision as of 19:10, 28 November 2018

Spinal Cord

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> SpinalCord

This page is intended to discover component structure of spinal cord of biological human, sitting in between mind and peripheral organs.

SPINAL CORD STRUCTURE

BASIC INFORMATIOIN

  • regions - cervical (C1-C8), thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5), sacral (S1-S5), coccygeal (CX = CX1-CX3)
  • width - 1 cm (thoracic/sacral) /2 cm (cervical-lumbar)
  • height - 45 cm (men)/43 cm (women)

image002.jpg

  • dorsal horn and afferent connections:

<img src="ed9102b0c146484c779f86f35f83914c.jpeg" alt=(null)

  • receptors classification: proprioceptors, nociceptors, mechanoreceptors

nrn1073-f1.jpg

  • spinal cord cross section - ascending and descending tracts

800px-Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg.png

  • motor interneurons:

da6c36ff5.gif.png

  • interneurons of indirect supraspinal connections: primary pathway for alpha-motoneurons
  • renshaw interneurons: interneurons of direct monosynaptic connections with alpha-motoneurons, some fibers of CST/LVST/RST, negative feedback on the same alpha-neurons; stop firing to be ready for next supraspinal signal
  • integrated rhythmic movements of upper and lower extremities like walking and running
    • intersegmental interneurons: reciprocal inhibition (excite agonist muscles/ inhibit antagonist muscles), feedback inhibition (selectively inhibit LMN to proper pattern in agonist muscle group)
    • commissural interneurons: to contralateral neurons (crossed extensor reflexes, alternate rhythms of both upper and lower extremities during running and walking)

SPINAL CORD LAMINAE AND LEVELS - REFERENCE

20121026103953_22628.jpg

SPINAL CORD LAMINAE AND LEVELS

(generated)

Level/Lamina LO LI LII LIII-IV LV-VI LVIIS LVIIM LVIII LIX LX
C1 LCN MG SG NPR ACN CCN VMN SAN
C2 LCN MG SG NPR ACN CCN VMN SAN
C3 LCN MG SG NPR ACN CCN VMN SAN,PHN
C4 LCN MG SG NPR ACN CCN VMN SAN,PHN,PLN,VLN
C5 LCN MG SG NPR ACN CBN VMN SAN,PHN,PLN,VLN
C6 LCN MG SG NPR ACN CBN VMN SAN,PLN,VLN
C7 LCN MG SG NPR ACN CBN VMN PLN,VLN
C8 LCN MG SG NPR CLN CBN RPL VMN PLN,VLN
T1 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM RPL,IML,CSC VMN PMN
T2 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML,CSC VMN PMN
T3 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN
T4 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN
T5 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN
T6 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN
T7 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN
T8 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN
T9 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN
T10 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN
T11 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN
T12 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN
L1 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN DCN
L2 LSN MG SG NPR CLN IMM IML VMN PMN,PLN,VLN DCN
L3 MG SG NPR CLN VMN PLN,VLN
L4 MG SG NPR VMN PLN,VLN
L5 MG SG NPR VMN PLN,VLN
S1 MG SG NPR RPL,SPS VMN PLN,VLN,ONN DCN
S2 MG SG NPR RPL,SPS VMN ONN DCN
S3 MG SG NPR RPL,SPS VMN ONN DCN
S4 MG SG NPR VMN DCN
S5 MG SG NPR VMN
CX MG SG NPR VMN

SUBCORTICAL SENSORY SYSTEMS

  • subcortical visual system
  • somatosensory system
  • subcortical auditory system
  • gustatory system
  • viscerosensory system
  • humerosensory system

SPINAL CORD CONNECTIVITY

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

  • spinothalamocorticospinal cycle:
    • somatic body mechanical sensory -> {medial lemniscus system} -> VPL -> SI -> MI -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> flexors (conscious motor)
    • somatic head mechanical sensory -> {anterior trigeminothalamic tract} -> VPM -> SI (perception)
    • somatic body pain sensory -> {paleospinothalamic system} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
    • somatic head pain sensory -> {dorsal trigeminal tract} -> VPI -> INS (conscious motivation)
    • PMC -> {lateral corticospinal tract} -> extensors (conscious motor)
  • spinohypothalamospinal cycle: visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinohypothalamic tract} -> hypothalamus -> {hypothalamospinal tract} -> sympathetic/parasympathetic
  • spinomesencephalospinal cycle:
    • somatic pain -> MG -> {spinomesencephalic tract} -> PAG -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus -> {medullary reticulospinal tract} -> extensors (reflexive)
    • visceral pain -> IMM -> {spinomedulloreticular tract} -> Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus
  • spinosolitariospinal cycle: visceral pain -> LSN -> {spinosolitary tract} -> SOL -> Parabrachial Nucleus -> SOL -> {solitariospinal system} -> diaphragm
  • spinoponcoreticulocorticospinal cycle: visceral pain -> IMM -> Medial Pontine Reticular Formation -> VA -> PMC -> {pontine reticulospinal tract} -> extensors
  • spinotectospinal: visceral mechanical -> NPR -> {spinotectal tract} -> Superior Colliculus -> {tectospinal tract} -> oculomotor
  • spinocerebellorubrospinal cycle:
    • mechanical sensory -> {direct spinocerebellar system} -> CR -> RDN -> {corticobulbospinal system} -> flexors (automatic)
    • mechanical sensory -> Inferior Olivary Nucleus -> {spinoolivary tract} -> CR
  • spinovestibulospinal cycle:
    • cutaneous sensory -> CCN -> {spinovestibular tract} -> VBN
    • VBN -> {medial vestibulospinal tract} -> upper motor extensors
    • VBN -> {lateral vestibulospinal tract} -> lower motor extensors
Retrieved from "http://wiki.ahuman.org/index.php?title=SpinalCord&oldid=12380"