Difference between revisions of "MindTracts"

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<pre style="color: green">Biological Mind Tracts</pre>
 
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[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[MindTracts]]
 
  
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http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/bio-research.jpg
 
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----
 
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This page is intended to describe set of physically existing tracts connecting set of regions across mind.
 
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__TOC__
 
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= Sensory and Motor Root Neurons =
 
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(generated)
 
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'''Motor Endings''':
 
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<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e37d11ea0a9f90f05ab17c303c88bfbf.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
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* '''Alpha motoneurons''' (MA): generate large force
 
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** '''FF-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-FF): fast-twitch fatigable; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''FR-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-FR): fast-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''S-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-S): slow-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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* '''Beta motoneurons''' (MB): affect both extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibers
 
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** '''beta dynamic motoneurons''' (MB-D): slow contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
 
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** '''beta static motoneurons''' (MB-S): fast contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
 
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* '''Gamma motoneurons''' (MG): enforce alpha motoneurons
 
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** '''gamma dynamic motoneurons''' (MG-D): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
 
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** '''gamma static motoneurons''' (MG-S): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
 
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* '''postganglionic autonomic motoneurons''' (MPG): postganglionic autonomic
 
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** '''postganglionic parasympathetic motoneurons''' (MPG-P): visceral activity and repose, short, local; FIBERS={C-motor}
 
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** '''postganglionic sympathetic motoneurons''' (MPG-S): muscles and skin, pre/post - temporal summation and spatial summation; FIBERS={C-motor}
 
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* '''preganglionic autonomic motoneurons''' (MPA): preganglionic paravertebral/prevertebral sympathetic, spinal/cranial parasympathetic
 
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** '''preganglionic parasympathetic cranial''' (MPA-PC): cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''preganglionic parasympathetic spinal''' (MPA-PS): spinal cord long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}
 
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** '''preganglionic paravertebral sympathetic''' (MPA-SPAV): short to paravertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic}
 
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** '''preganglionic prevertebral sympathetic''' (MPA-SPRV): long to prevertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
 
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'''Sensory Endings''':
 
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<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1fc341689bd2f048739c189f6b03ad84.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
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* '''Mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH)
 
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** '''Deep tissue mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH-DEEP)
 
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*** '''Pacinian corpuscles''' (SPC): responds to vibration; vibration 60-400 Hz, deep; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory; A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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*** '''Ruffini corpuscles''' (SRC): responds to pressure on skin; stretching of skin, crude touch; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''Skin mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH-SKIN)
 
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*** '''Hair follicle receptors''' (SHF): responds to hair displacement; touch, hairy skin velocity; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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*** '''Meissner corpuscles''' (SMC): responds to vibration; vibration 20-50 Hz; dynamic touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory; A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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*** '''Merkel disk receptors''' (SMD): responds to pressure on skin; vibration 5-15 Hz, static (sustained) touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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* '''Pain and temperature receptors''' (SPT)
 
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** '''A-delta fiber nociceptors''' (SAD): fast/first pain information; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''Cold receptors''' (SCR): respond to low temperature; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''Nonencapsulated free-nerve endings''' (SFN): pain and temperature
 
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*** '''C fiber nociceptors''' (SFN-CN): responsible for the second, burning pain; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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*** '''C fiber warming-specific receptors''' (SFN-CW): responsible for warmth; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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*** '''C mechano- and metabo- receptors in muscles or joints''' (SFN-CM): responsible for muscle exercise, burn and cramp; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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*** '''tactile C fibers''' (SFN-CT): sensual touch; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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*** '''ultra-slow histamine-selective C fibers''' (SFN-CI): responsible for itch; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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* '''Proprioceptors''' (SPROP)
 
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** '''Golgi tendon organs''' (SGT): muscle tension; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
 
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** '''Muscle spindles''' (SMS): skeletal muscle, stretch by muscle length, fast
 
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*** '''Dynamic nuclear bag fibers''' (SMS-DN): report rate of change of muscle length; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
 
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*** '''Nuclear chain fibers''' (SMS-NC): report static length of muscle; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
 
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*** '''Static nuclear bag fibers''' (SMS-SN): report static length of muscle; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
 
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* '''Special Senses''' (SPS)
 
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** '''Baroreceptors''' (SSB): blood pressure in carotid sinus; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''Cochlea receptor''' (SSA): audition; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''Olfactory receptor''' (SSS): smell, odor detection; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''Oxigen chemoreceptors''' (SSO): oxigen level in carotid body; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''Retinal rods and cones''' (SSV): vision receptors; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory; C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''Taste buds''' (SST): taste receptors; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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'''Fibers by thickness''':
 
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''' '''A-alpha* (mixed, 12-22 mcm, 70-120 m/sec): low theshold, 2ms after stimulus (type Ia,Ib; motoneurons, touch, position and velocity)
 
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* '''A-alpha-Ia''' (mixed)
 
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** '''A-alpha-Ia-motor''' - alpha motoneurons (motor); ENDINGS={MA-FF,MA-FR,MA-S}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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** '''A-alpha-Ia-sensory''' (sensory): skin, two-point discrimination (muscle spindle primary sensory endings; extrafusal muscles, Meissner's corpuscles; annulospiral endings, length and velocity); ENDINGS={SMC}
 
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* '''A-alpha-Ib-sensory''' (sensory): report load being applied to muscle, stretching of skin; ENDINGS={SGT,SRC,SMS-NC,SMS-SN,SMS-DN}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
 
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''' '''A-beta* (mixed, 8-13 mcm, 40-70 m/sec): higher theshold, 4ms after stimulus (type II; fine touch, kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary endings)
 
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* '''A-beta-motor''' - beta motoneurons (motor): skeleto-fusimotor, intrafusal fibers and collaterals to extrafusal muscle fibers, muscle spindles, increase dynamic sensitivity of ending; ENDINGS={MB-D,MB-S}
 
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* '''A-beta-sensory''' (sensory): fine touch, kinesthesia (length only; secondary afferents, flower spray endings); ENDINGS={SMD,SRC,SHF,SPC,SMC}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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''' '''A-delta-sensory* (sensory, 1-4 mcm, 5-15 m/sec): noxious, cold, pressure; 20ms after stimulus (type III; thinly-myelinated; noxious receptors - first/fast, sharp, well-localized pain; cold receptors - temperature, high-threshold mechano/heat, phasic; pressure - rapidly adapting mechanosensitive, directional selectivity, crude touch; auditory axons 2 mcm; vestibular axons 3 mcm); ENDINGS={SAD,SCR,SPC,SSA,SSV}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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''' '''A-gamma-motor* (motor, 4-8 mcm, 15-40 m/sec): intrafusal muscle fibers, 6ms after stimulus (skeletal muscle tone, contract muscle spindles from both ends, fusimotor gamma neurons, affect Ia/II); ENDINGS={MG-D,MG-S}
 
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''' '''B-motor* (motor, 1-3 mcm, 3-14 m/sec): preganglionic autonomic (myelinated, ACh, sympathetic only in T1-L3, IML); ENDINGS={MPA-SPAV,MPA-SPRV,MPA-PS,MPA-PC}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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''' '''C* (mixed, 0.1-1 mcm, 0.2-2 m/sec): pain, touch, pressure, temperature, postganglionic autonomic, taste (60ms after stimulus)
 
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* '''C-motor''' (motor): postganglionic autonomic; ENDINGS={MPG-S,MPG-P}
 
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* '''C-sensory''' (sensory): pain and temperature, special (optic axons width average 0.72 mcm; olfactory axons 0.35 mcm); ENDINGS={SFN-CN,SFN-CW,SFN-CI,SFN-CT,SFN-CM,SST,SSV,SSO,SSB,SSS}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
 
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= Tracts Hierarchy =
 
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(generated)
 
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== Ascending Tracts ==
 
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TRACT SET: [[MindTractsAT|Ascending Tracts]]
 
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system TRACT ALS]: '''anterolateral system''' - pain transfer
 
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** TRACT SLS: '''spinolimbic system''' - autonomic body pain transfer
 
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*** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771 TRACT SHTT]: '''spinohypothalamic tract''' - autonomic body pain transfer to hypothalamus
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray TRACT SMST]: '''spinomesencephalic tract''' - descending modulation of pain
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract TRACT SST]: '''spinosolitary tract''' - autonomic body pain transfer to parabrachial nucleus
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract TRACT SRS]: '''spinoreticular system''' - automatic body pain reflection
 
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*** TRACT SMRT: '''spinomedulloreticular tract''' - automatic body pain spinal reflection
 
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*** TRACT SPRT: '''spinopontoreticular tract''' - automatic body pain cortical reflection
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract TRACT STCT]: '''spinotectal tract''' - automatic body pain spinovisual reflection
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract TRACT STS]: '''spinothalamic system''' - body pain transfer
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract TRACT ASTT]: '''anterior spinothalamic tract''' (paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract) - body slow pain localization
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract TRACT LSTT]: '''lateral spinothalamic tract''' (neospinothalamic tract) - body pain perception
 
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** [http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html TRACT TTS]: '''trigeminothalamic system''' - head pain transfer
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract TRACT ATTT]: '''anterior trigeminothalamic tract''' (ventral trigeminothalamic tract) - head pain localization
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract TRACT DTTT]: '''dorsal trigeminal tract''' (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus) - head pain perception
 
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus TRACT MLS]: '''medial lemniscus system''' - conscious body mechanical perception
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway TRACT PCS]: '''posterior column system''' (dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon) - conscious upper body mechanical and lower body cutaneous perception
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus TRACT FCT]: '''fasciculus cuneatus tract''' (tract of Burdach) - conscious upper body mechanical perception
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus TRACT FGT]: '''fasciculus gracilis tract''' (tract of Goll) - conscious lower body cutaneous perception
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway TRACT SCVT]: '''spinocervical tract''' (Morin's tract) - conscious lower body proprioception
 
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract TRACT SCS]: '''spinocerebellar system''' - automatic activity
 
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** TRACT DSCS: '''direct spinocerebellar system''' - automatic activity of body
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers TRACT CSCT]: '''cuneocerebellar tract''' - automatic activity of upper limbs
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT DSCT]: '''dorsal spinocerebellar tract''' (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract) - automatic activity of lower limbs
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT RSCT]: '''rostral spinocerebellar tract''' - automatic activity of upper body
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT VSCT]: '''ventral spinocerebellar tract''' (anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract) - automatic activity of lower body
 
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** TRACT SMTS: '''spinometencephalic system''' - automatic activity integration
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SOT]: '''spinoolivary tract''' (Helwegs tract) - automatic activity of head, neck and upper limbs
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SVT]: '''spinovestibular tract''' - automatic activity vestibular integration
 
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== Descending Tracts ==
 
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TRACT SET: [[MindTractsDT|Descending Tracts]]
 
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* TRACT ATS: '''autonomic tracts system''' (descending autonomic fibers) - autonomic control
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamospinal_tract TRACT HTST]: '''hypothalamospinal tract''' - oculomotor autonomic control
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system TRACT SSS]: '''solitariospinal system''' - involuntary breathing control
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_respiratory_group TRACT SSET]: '''solitariospinal expiratory tract''' - rhythmic expiration
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_respiratory_group TRACT SSIT]: '''solitariospinal inpiratory tract''' - rhythmic inspiration
 
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* TRACT ESS: '''extensor somatic system''' - extensor control
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract TRACT ACST]: '''anterior corticospinal tract''' (ventral corticospinal tract) - conscious extensor control
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus TRACT MLFS]: '''medial longitudinal fasciculus system''' - automatic control
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectospinal_tract TRACT TCST]: '''tectospinal tract''' - oculomotor automatic control
 
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract TRACT VST]: '''vestibulospinal tract''' - body automatic control
 
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**** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_vestibulospinal_tract TRACT LVST]: '''lateral vestibulospinal tract''' - maintaining balance via legs extensors
 
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**** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_vestibulospinal_tract TRACT MVST]: '''medial vestibulospinal tract''' - stabilize visual image on retina
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulospinal_tract TRACT RTSS]: '''reticulospinal system''' - automatic and autonomic control
 
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*** TRACT MRST: '''medullary reticulospinal tract''' (lateral reticulospinal tract) - inhibit extensors
 
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*** TRACT PRST: '''pontine reticulospinal tract''' (medial reticulospinal tract) - excite extensors
 
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* TRACT FSS: '''flexor somatic system''' - flexor control
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract TRACT CBT]: '''corticobulbar tract''' - cranial flexor control
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract TRACT LSTT]: '''lateral corticospinal tract''' - conscious flexor control
 
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract TRACT RBST]: '''rubrospinal tract''' - automatic flexor control
 

Revision as of 15:29, 13 April 2019

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