View source for BrainCenterMM REF


<pre style="color: green">Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon</pre>
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainCenterMM_REF]]
----

This page covers biological details of component group Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon.
Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

* '''Top-down path to center''': Midbrain Mesencephalon -> Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
* '''Function''':
* '''Notes to function''': Generate simple motor signal by sensory without cortex
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


'''Component items''':
* '''Auditory Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon''' (MM.REF.AUD)
** '''Inferior Colliculus''' (ABA.MM.IC)
*** [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC): Integrate and relay auditory information to cortex, detection of pitch, spatial localization by binaural hearing
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC): Middle ear reflex
** [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex]] (LPC.MM.SOC): Bilateral Audition
* '''Visual Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon''' (MM.REF.VIS)
** '''Superior Colliculus''' (MM.SC): Direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric space, induce saccadic eye movement
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP): Head and eye attention to visual stimuli
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT): Sensimotor integration for orienting
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP): Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli
** '''Supraoculomotor Area''' (VBA.MM.SOA): Control of vergence
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_CJ|Cajal Nucleus]] (LRC.MM.CJ): Integration of head and eye movements, controls downward vertical gaze
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_RIMLF|Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF]] (LRC.MM.RIMLF): Integration of head and eye movements, controls upward vertical gaze
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_DSCH|Darkschewitsch Nucleus]] (LRC.MM.DSCH): Mediate the consensual pupillary light reflex
** '''Pretectum''' (MM.PT)
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PTA|Anterior Pretectum Nucleus]] (LRC.MM.PT.PTA): Mediate somatosensory and nociceptive information
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT|Nucleus of Optic Tract]] (LRC.MM.PT.NOT): Encode retinal error information during smooth pursuit eye movements
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PON|Pretectal Olivary Nucleus]] (LRC.MM.PT.PON): Pupillary light reflex and modulating subcortical nuclei involved in circadian rhythms
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PR|Principal Pretectal Nucleus]] (LRC.MM.PT.PR): Pupillary light reflex
*** [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_SL|Sublentiform Nucleus]] (LRC.MM.PT.SL): Accomodation reflex

= Connectivity =
(generated)


'''Internal Regions Connections:'''

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/CENTER.MM.REF_internals.dot.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC) || [http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICC -> ICx, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex]] (LPC.MM.SOC) || [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC) || [http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd6.html Auditory System in Brain (Olive -> IC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT) || [http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (ICx -> SC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT|Nucleus of Optic Tract]] (LRC.MM.PT.NOT) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP) || (unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_CJ|Cajal Nucleus]] (LRC.MM.CJ) || [http://www.cixip.com/index.php/page/content/id/1190 Summary of eye movement control (SC -> riMLF, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP) || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT) || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (SCs -> SCi, abstract)]
|}

'''External Connections:'''

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/CENTER.MM.REF_externals.dot.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

'''External Inbound Center Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Center''' || '''Sample Link''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala]] (FAM.FT.AM) || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_LAVM|FAM.FT.AM.LAVM]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|LPC.MM.CIC]]||[http://f1000research.com/articles/2-20/v1 Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]] (FD.HT) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|LAC.FD.HT.SCN]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT|LRC.MM.PT.NOT]]||(unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]] (FD.TH.SR) || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|NSA.FD.LGN]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT|LRC.MM.PT.NOT]]||(unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]] (FEC.FT.BG) || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|FEC.FT.SNR.DL]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|LRC.MM.SC.INT]]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (SNr -> SCi, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterHL_MN|Myelencephalic Motor Nuclei]] (HL.MN) || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT|LRC.MM.PT.NOT]]||(unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]] (HL.SN) || [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|LPC.HL.DCOCH]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|LPC.MM.CIC]]||[http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (DCN -> ICC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterHT_SN|Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei]] (HT.SN) || [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_LL|LPC.HT.PN.LL]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|LPC.MM.CIC]]||[http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNLL -> ICC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterHT_TG|Pontine Tegmental Nuclei]] (HT.TG) || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_PPN_IPD|FEC.HT.PPN.IPD]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|LRC.MM.SC.INT]]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]] (LLC.HT.CRC) || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_GN|LLC.HT.CR.GN]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_DSCH|LRC.MM.DSCH]]||(unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus]] (LPC.FD.RT) || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|LPC.FD.RT]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT|LRC.MM.PT.NOT]]||[http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterLPC_HT_VBN|Vestibular Nuclei]] (LPC.HT.VBN) || [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_MVBN|LPC.HT.MVBN]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_DSCH|LRC.MM.DSCH]]||(unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule]] (NC.IPL) || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|LRC.MM.SC.SUP]]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]] (NC.LOBE.OCC) || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3D|NPE.NC.OCC.V3D]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_CJ|LRC.MM.CJ]]||[http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]] (NC.PMC) || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_AFEF|NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_CJ|LRC.MM.CJ]]||[http://www.cixip.com/index.php/page/content/id/1190 Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> riMLF, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS|Intraparietal Sulcus]] (NSA.NC.IPS) || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_CJ|LRC.MM.CJ]]||[http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterNSA_NC_TTG|Transverse Temporal Gyrus]] (NSA.NC.TTG) || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|NSA.NC.TTG.A1]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|LPC.MM.CIC]]||[http://f1000research.com/articles/2-20/v1 Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AC -> IC, abstract)]
|}

'''External Outbound Center Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Center''' || '''Sample Link''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]] (FD.TH.CR) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|LRC.MM.SC.INT]] -> [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|FMM.FD.TH.AD]]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (SCi -> ATH, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterFD_TH_MR|Motor Thalamus]] (FD.TH.MR) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PTA|LRC.MM.PT.PTA]] -> [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|NPE.FD.TH.LP]]||(unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]] (FD.TH.SR) || [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|LPC.MM.CIC]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|NSA.FD.TH.MGB]]||[http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd6.html Auditory System in Brain (IC -> MGB, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]] (FEC.FD.STA) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PTA|LRC.MM.PT.PTA]] -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_ICD|FEC.FD.STN.ICD]]||(unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]] (FEC.FT.BG) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]] -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|FEC.FT.SNC.LT]]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (SCi -> SNc, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]] (HL.SN) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_DSCH|LRC.MM.DSCH]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|LLC.HL.IO]]||(unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation]] (HT.RF) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_PDT|LLC.HT.PRF.PDT]]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterHT_SN|Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei]] (HT.SN) || [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|LPC.MM.SOC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_LL|LPC.HT.PN.LL]]||[http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (LSO -> DNLL)]
|-
| [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_ABD|Abducens Nucleus]] (LPC.HT.ABD) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_ABD|LPC.HT.ABD]]||[http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html Retina and superior colliculus targets (SC -> Abducens, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterMM_PER|Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]] (MM.PER) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_CJ|LRC.MM.CJ]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN|LPC.MM.OCN]]||[http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SupraOculomotor -> Oculomotor, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterMM_RF|Mesencephalic Reticular Formation]] (MM.RF) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|LRC.MM.SC.SUP]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_RP_RIP|LRC.MM.RP.RIP]]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987 Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (SC -> RIP, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn]] (SC.VH) || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|LPC.SC.VH.SAN]]||(unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear]] (TARGET.TSA.EAR) || [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|LPC.MM.SOC]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|TARGET.TSA.EAR]]||[http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns Five Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNTB -> Cochlea)]
|}