#summary Biological Mind Tracts [Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [MindTracts] -> [MindTractsAT] http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/bio-research.jpg ---- This page is intended to describe set of ascending tracts = Tract Details = (generated) TRACT SET: *Ascending Tracts* unavailable ---- === ALS - anterolateral system === * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system * function:conveys pain, temperature (protopathic sensation), and crude touch from the periphery to the brain ---- ==== SLS - spinolimbic system ==== * external: * function:connect spinal cord with limbic structures ---- ===== SHTT - spinohypothalamic tract ===== * external: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771 * function:provide nociceptive information to a variety of nuclei throughout the diencephalon and brainstem bilaterally * comments: nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles * notes to function: * nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles * generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {hypothalamus} unavailable *Tract path details:* * path *SHT.HT.AHT*: affect appetite, autonomic and homeostatic functions, and related motivational and affective responses to autonomic function (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - [BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN] -> [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH] * path *SHT.HT.DM*: affect blood pressure, heart rate (pain fibers to dorsomedial nucleus) - [BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN] -> [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM] * path *SHT.HT.LT*: affect thirst and hunger (pain fibers to lateral nucleus) - [BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN] -> Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT ([BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN), [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM Supramammillary Nucleus] (LAC.FD.HT.SUM), [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM Tuberomammillary Nucleus] (LAC.FD.HT.TBM), [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM Premammillary Nucleus] (LAC.FD.HT.PRM)) * path *SHT.HT.SCN*: affect 24-hour rhythms (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - [BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN] -> [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN] * path *SHT.HT.SO*: affect blood volume or blood pressure (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - [BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN] -> [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SO Supraoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SO] * path *SHT.LLSN*: lower pain, temperature for ANS (lower pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG] -> [BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN] * path *SHT.ULSN*: upper pain, temperature for ANS (upper pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN] ---- ===== SMST - spinomesencephalic tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray * function:ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG * generic path: {MG nucleus} -> {PAG, MRF} unavailable *Tract path details:* * path *SMT.LPAG*: initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG] -> [BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] * path *SMT.UPAG*: initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG] -> [BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] ---- ===== SST - spinosolitary tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract * function:central transmission of visceronoceptive messages * comments: visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input * notes to function: * visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input * generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {solitary nucleus} *Tract path details:* * path *SST*: autonomic regulation of of stress response to painful visceral stimuli (pain fibers to solitary nucleus to parabrachial nucleus) - [BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB] * path *SST.LLSN*: pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG] -> [BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN] * path *SST.ULSN*: pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN] ---- ==== SRS - spinoreticular system ==== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract * function:automatic responses to pain ---- ===== SMRT - spinomedulloreticular tract ===== * external: * function:automatic responses to pain * generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex} unavailable *Tract path details:* * path *SRT.MEDL*: lower automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (lower viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM] -> [BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED] * path *SRT.MEDU*: upper automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (upper viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM] -> [BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED] ---- ===== SPRT - spinopontoreticular tract ===== * external: * function:automatic responses to pain * generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex} unavailable *Tract path details:* * path *SRT.LVA*: exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (lower crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA] * path *SRT.UVA*: exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (upper crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA] ---- ===== STCT - spinotectal tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract * function:spinovisual reflexes; head/eye movement toward stimulus source * comments: arises in the anterolateral column * notes to function: * arises in the anterolateral column * generic path: {free nerve endings; crude touch, temperature, pain} -> {inferior and superior colliculi} *Tract path details:* * path *STCT*: Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli (crude touch to nucleus proprius to superior colliculus) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP] -> [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP] ---- ==== STS - spinothalamic system ==== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract * function:transmits pain mainly from the peripheral slow-chronic type C pain fibers; transmits information to thalamus about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch * comments: conscious; cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices * notes to function: * conscious * cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices ---- ===== ASTT - anterior spinothalamic tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract * synonyms: paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract * function:pain, temperature, light touch (tactile sensibility), two-point discrimination, stereognosis * generic path: {skin - slow pain, temperature, slightly tactile} -> {BA 3,1,2} unavailable *Tract path details:* * path *ASTTL*: lower slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] * path *ASTTU*: upper slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] ---- ===== LSTT - lateral spinothalamic tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract * synonyms: neospinothalamic tract * function:pain, temperature * generic path: {body pain, temperature, crude touch} -> {BA 3,1,2} unavailable *Tract path details:* * path *LSTT.MD*: lower body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe) - [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG] * path *LSTT.UMD*: upper body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe) - [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG] * path *LSTTL*: lower body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG] * path *LSTTL.VPI*: lower body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula) - [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC] * path *LSTTU*: upper body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG] * path *LSTTU.VPI*: upper body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula) - [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC] ---- ==== TTS - trigeminothalamic system ==== * external: http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html * function:all somatosensory submodalities from head unavailable ---- ===== ATTT - anterior trigeminothalamic tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract * synonyms: ventral trigeminothalamic tract * function:awareness of the exact location of the painful stimulus; pain, temperature, and crude touch pathway * generic path: {face, head and neck} -> {SI - BA 1,2} *Tract path details:* * path *TTT.GNG*: nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves VII to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_GNG Geniculate Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.GNG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR] * path *TTT.JUG*: nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves IX,X to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_JUG Jugular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.JUG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR] * path *TTT.NOD*: nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves X to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_NOD Nodose Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.NOD] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR] * path *TTT.TRG*: nociceptors (head, face and intraoral structures nociceptors to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR] * path *TTT.VPM*: nociceptors (spinal trigeminal nucleus to S1) - [BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] ---- ===== DTTT - dorsal trigeminal tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract * synonyms: dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus * function:immediate awareness of a painful sensation; pressure and tactile discrimination sensation * generic path: {head MC,PC} -> {SII - BA 40,43} *Tract path details:* * path *DTT*: face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR] * path *DTT.MD*: pain, temperature for reward (marginal nucleus to frontal lobe) - [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG] * path *DTT.PF*: face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex) - [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_PF Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.PF] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC] * path *DTT.VPI*: pain, temperature for emotion (marginal nucleus to insula) - [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC] ---- === MLS - medial lemniscus system === * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus * function:transmits touch, vibration sense, proprioception data unavailable ---- ==== PCS - posterior column system ==== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway * synonyms: dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon * function:two point discrimination (fine touch, fine pressure - MC), pressure (deep receptors - PC), vibration (PC), conscious proprioception (MS) * comments: alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious; discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively * notes to function: * alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious * discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively unavailable ---- ===== FCT - fasciculus cuneatus tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus * synonyms: tract of Burdach * function:upper body well-localized discriminative proprioception, fine touch * comments: muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes); thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices * notes to function: * muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes) * thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices * generic path: {upper trunk, forelimb deep structures and skin} -> {neocortex BA 3b, lateral} *Tract path details:* * path *PCT.CUL*: conscious sensations of neck, trunk, and extremities (neck (C4), trunk (T1-T6), and extremities - arms (C5-T2) to S1 lateral) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] * path *PCT.CUM*: conscious sensations of head (geniohyoid (C1), head top (C2), head back above neck (C3) to S1 medial) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] ---- ===== FGT - fasciculus gracilis tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus * synonyms: tract of Goll * function:lower body well-localized discriminative fine touch * comments: sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices; mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN) * notes to function: * sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices * mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN) * generic path: {lower body, muscle afferents} -> {somatosensory cortex} *Tract path details:* * path *PCT.GRL*: epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from lower body (receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX to neocortex BA 3b, medial) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_GR Gracile Nucleus,LPC.HL.GR] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] ---- ==== SCVT - spinocervical tract ==== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway * synonyms: Morin's tract * function:static position, Ruffini endings * comments: thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices * notes to function: * thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices * generic path: {receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX} -> {somatosensory cortex} unavailable *Tract path details:* * path *SCVT*: tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV] * path *SCVT.PAG*: alerts about presence of cutaneous stimuli that might represent danger, necessitating flight (cutaneous stimuli to PAG) - [BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV] -> [BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] * path *SCVT.VPL*: four-neuron, fast-conducting, tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1) - [BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] ---- === SCS - spinocerebellar system === * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract * function:spinal cord to cerebellum ---- ==== DSCS - direct spinocerebellar system ==== * external: * function:spinal cord nuclei to cerebellum * comments: lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts; upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract * notes to function: * lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts * upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract unavailable ---- ===== CSCT - cuneocerebellar tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers * function:relay information about limb position and movement to the cerebellum * comments: upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract * notes to function: * upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract * generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, vermis and paravermis of the ipsilateral posterior lobe} unavailable *Tract path details:* * path *CSCT*: proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (upper limb muscles to accessory cuneate nucleus to cerebellum) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_ACU Accessory Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.ACU] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC Cerebellar Lateral Lobe] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV Cerebellar Paravermis] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM Cerebellar Vermis] (LRC.HT.CR.VM)) ---- ===== DSCT - dorsal spinocerebellar tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract * synonyms: posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract * function:conveys proprioceptive information from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles and joints to the cerebellum * comments: ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information * notes to function: * ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information * generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors, cutaneous receptors, lower limbs, below L3} -> {cerebellum, mainly ipsilateral anterior lobe} *Tract path details:* * path *DSCTL*: proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC Cerebellar Lateral Lobe] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV Cerebellar Paravermis] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM Cerebellar Vermis] (LRC.HT.CR.VM)) * path *DSCTU*: proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC Cerebellar Lateral Lobe] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV Cerebellar Paravermis] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM Cerebellar Vermis] (LRC.HT.CR.VM)) ---- ===== RSCT - rostral spinocerebellar tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract * function:transmits information from the golgi tendon organs of the cranial half of the body to the cerebellum * comments: upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract * notes to function: * upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract * generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, anterior lobe} unavailable *Tract path details:* * path *RSCT*: proprioceptive information (upper limb muscles to centrobasalis nucleus to cerebellum) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC Cerebellar Lateral Lobe] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV Cerebellar Paravermis] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM Cerebellar Vermis] (LRC.HT.CR.VM)) ---- ===== VSCT - ventral spinocerebellar tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract * synonyms: anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract * function:conveys information about postural stability of the lower limbs to cerebellum * comments: bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration; from nucleus proprius * notes to function: * bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration * from nucleus proprius * generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, trunk, C8-L3} -> {cerebellum} unavailable *Tract path details:* * path *VSCTL*: proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC Cerebellar Lateral Lobe] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV Cerebellar Paravermis] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM Cerebellar Vermis] (LRC.HT.CR.VM)) * path *VSCTU*: proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC Cerebellar Lateral Lobe] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV Cerebellar Paravermis] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM Cerebellar Vermis] (LRC.HT.CR.VM)) ---- ==== SMTS - spinometencephalic system ==== * external: * function:spinal cord to intermediate nucleus to cerebellum unavailable ---- ===== SOT - spinoolivary tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract * synonyms: Helwegs tract * function:automatic movements of head, neck and upper limb * generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum} *Tract path details:* * path *SOT.CCV*: cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV] -> [BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC Cerebellar Lateral Lobe] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV Cerebellar Paravermis] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM Cerebellar Vermis] (LRC.HT.CR.VM)) * path *SOT.NPR*: proprioception to cerebellum (muscle spindles and Golgi tendons to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP] -> [BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC Cerebellar Lateral Lobe] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV Cerebellar Paravermis] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM Cerebellar Vermis] (LRC.HT.CR.VM)) ---- ===== SVT - spinovestibular tract ===== * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract * function:information from cutaneous and proprioceptive organs to CR * generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum} *Tract path details:* * path *SVT.CCV*: cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to vestibular nucleus to cerebellum; C1-C4) - [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HT_IVBN Inferior Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.IVBN] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC Cerebellar Lateral Lobe] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV Cerebellar Paravermis] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM Cerebellar Vermis] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))