#summary Biological Mind Tracts [Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [MindTracts] http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/bio-research.jpg ---- This page is intended to describe set of physically existing tracts connecting set of regions across mind. = Sensory and Motor Root Neurons = (generated) *Motor Endings*: unavailable * *Alpha motoneurons* (MA): generate large force * *FF-type alpha motoneurons* (MA-FF): fast-twitch fatigable; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: axillary nerve, anterior branch, axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii, dorsal scapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, long thoracic nerve, medial pectoral nerve, median nerve, motor, forearm innervation, median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation, musculocutaneous nerve, motor, nerve to levator scapulae, radial nerve, motor, subclavian nerve, subscapular nerves, suprascapular nerve, ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation * [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL - TRUNK MOTOR NERVES]: first intercostal nerve, motor nerves of back, extensors, motor nerves of back, flexors, subcostal nerve, motor, thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors, thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors, thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: accessory nerve, external, accessory nerve, internal, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch, facial nerve, buccal branch, facial nerve, cervical branch, facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch, facial nerve, mouth opening muscles, facial nerve, temporal branch, facial nerve, zygomatic branch, mylohyoid nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles, stapedius nerve * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: abducent nerve, cochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch, hypoglossal nerve, laryngeal nerve, external, oculomotor nerve, inferior branch, trochlear nerve, vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: ansa cervicalis, nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles, nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles, nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles, nerve to splenius capitis muscle, nerve to splenius cervilis muscle, occipital nerve, greater, suboccipital nerve, thyroid nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES]: phrenic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalFoot LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]: common peroneal nerve, articular branches, cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal, fibular nerve, deep, plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch, plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch, plantar nerve, medial, tibial nerve, muscular branches * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis, genitofemoral nerve, genital, inferior rectal nerve, nerve to superficial transverse perineal, nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles, perineal nerve, deep branch * [HumanNervesSpinalThigh LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]: femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor, femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor, gluteal nerve, inferior, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, nerve to psoas muscles, nerve to quadratus lumborum, obturator nerve, piriform nerve * *FR-type alpha motoneurons* (MA-FR): fast-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: axillary nerve, anterior branch, axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii, dorsal scapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, long thoracic nerve, medial pectoral nerve, median nerve, motor, forearm innervation, median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation, musculocutaneous nerve, motor, nerve to levator scapulae, radial nerve, motor, subclavian nerve, subscapular nerves, suprascapular nerve, ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation * [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL - TRUNK MOTOR NERVES]: first intercostal nerve, motor nerves of back, extensors, motor nerves of back, flexors, subcostal nerve, motor, thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors, thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors, thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: accessory nerve, external, accessory nerve, internal, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch, facial nerve, buccal branch, facial nerve, cervical branch, facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch, facial nerve, mouth opening muscles, facial nerve, temporal branch, facial nerve, zygomatic branch, mylohyoid nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles, stapedius nerve * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: abducent nerve, cochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch, hypoglossal nerve, laryngeal nerve, external, oculomotor nerve, inferior branch, trochlear nerve, vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: ansa cervicalis, nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles, nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles, nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles, nerve to splenius capitis muscle, nerve to splenius cervilis muscle, occipital nerve, greater, suboccipital nerve, thyroid nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES]: phrenic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalFoot LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]: common peroneal nerve, articular branches, cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal, fibular nerve, deep, plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch, plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch, plantar nerve, medial, tibial nerve, muscular branches * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis, genitofemoral nerve, genital, inferior rectal nerve, nerve to superficial transverse perineal, nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles, perineal nerve, deep branch * [HumanNervesSpinalThigh LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]: femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor, femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor, gluteal nerve, inferior, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, nerve to psoas muscles, nerve to quadratus lumborum, obturator nerve, piriform nerve * *S-type alpha motoneurons* (MA-S): slow-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: axillary nerve, anterior branch, axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii, dorsal scapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, long thoracic nerve, medial pectoral nerve, median nerve, motor, forearm innervation, median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation, musculocutaneous nerve, motor, nerve to levator scapulae, radial nerve, motor, subclavian nerve, subscapular nerves, suprascapular nerve, ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation * [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL - TRUNK MOTOR NERVES]: first intercostal nerve, motor nerves of back, extensors, motor nerves of back, flexors, subcostal nerve, motor, thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors, thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors, thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: accessory nerve, external, accessory nerve, internal, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch, facial nerve, buccal branch, facial nerve, cervical branch, facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch, facial nerve, mouth opening muscles, facial nerve, temporal branch, facial nerve, zygomatic branch, mylohyoid nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles, stapedius nerve * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: abducent nerve, cochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch, hypoglossal nerve, laryngeal nerve, external, oculomotor nerve, inferior branch, trochlear nerve, vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: ansa cervicalis, nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles, nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles, nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles, nerve to splenius capitis muscle, nerve to splenius cervilis muscle, occipital nerve, greater, suboccipital nerve, thyroid nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES]: phrenic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalFoot LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]: common peroneal nerve, articular branches, cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal, fibular nerve, deep, plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch, plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch, plantar nerve, medial, tibial nerve, muscular branches * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis, genitofemoral nerve, genital, inferior rectal nerve, nerve to superficial transverse perineal, nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles, perineal nerve, deep branch * [HumanNervesSpinalThigh LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]: femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor, femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor, gluteal nerve, inferior, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, nerve to psoas muscles, nerve to quadratus lumborum, obturator nerve, piriform nerve * *Beta motoneurons* (MB): affect both extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibers * *beta dynamic motoneurons* (MB-D): slow contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor} * *beta static motoneurons* (MB-S): fast contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor} * *Gamma motoneurons* (MG): enforce alpha motoneurons * *gamma dynamic motoneurons* (MG-D): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor} * *gamma static motoneurons* (MG-S): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor} * *postganglionic autonomic motoneurons* (MPG): postganglionic autonomic * *postganglionic parasympathetic motoneurons* (MPG-P): visceral activity and repose, short, local; FIBERS={C-motor} * *postganglionic sympathetic motoneurons* (MPG-S): muscles and skin, pre/post - temporal summation and spatial summation; FIBERS={C-motor} * *preganglionic autonomic motoneurons* (MPA): preganglionic paravertebral/prevertebral sympathetic, spinal/cranial parasympathetic * *preganglionic parasympathetic cranial* (MPA-PC): cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor} * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch, chorda tympani, parasympathetic, nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers, palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers, petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland, pharyngeal nerve, sublingual nerve * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: inferior laryngeal nerve, oculomotor nerve, superior branch, tympanic nerve, vagus nerve, bronchial branch, vagus nerve, cardiac branch, vagus nerve, esophageal branches, vagus nerve, gastric branch, vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch, vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper, vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal * *preganglionic parasympathetic spinal* (MPA-PS): spinal cord long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor} * *preganglionic paravertebral sympathetic* (MPA-SPAV): short to paravertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical CERVICAL NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS]: ansa subclavia, caroticotympanic nerves, cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic, cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic, ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers, external carotid nerve, internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle, jugular nerve, sympathetic, middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami, middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches, stellate ganglion, arterial branches, stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami, superior cervical cardiac nerve, superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches, superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: genitofemoral nerve, genital branch, left hypogastric nerve, cervical, left hypogastric nerve, lubricate, left hypogastric nerve, prostatic, left hypogastric nerve, ureteric, left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal, right hypogastric nerve, scrotal nerve, posterior * [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic THORACIC NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS]: greater thoracic splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, lowest splanchnic nerve, thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia * *preganglionic prevertebral sympathetic* (MPA-SPRV): long to prevertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical CERVICAL NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS]: palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers *Sensory Endings*: unavailable * *Mechanoreceptors* (SMECH) * *Deep tissue mechanoreceptors* (SMECH-DEEP) * *Pacinian corpuscles* (SPC): responds to vibration; vibration 60-400 Hz, deep; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory; A-delta-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic * *Ruffini corpuscles* (SRC): responds to pressure on skin; stretching of skin, crude touch; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic * *Skin mechanoreceptors* (SMECH-SKIN) * *Hair follicle receptors* (SHF): responds to hair displacement; touch, hairy skin velocity; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic * *Meissner corpuscles* (SMC): responds to vibration; vibration 20-50 Hz; dynamic touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory; A-beta-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic * *Merkel disk receptors* (SMD): responds to pressure on skin; vibration 5-15 Hz, static (sustained) touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic * *Pain and temperature receptors* (SPT) * *A-delta fiber nociceptors* (SAD): fast/first pain information; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: nerves to masticatory muscles * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: vagus nerve, bronchial branch, vagus nerve, cardiac branch, vagus nerve, esophageal branches, vagus nerve, gastric branch, vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch, vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper, vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES]: cervical cardiac nerve, sensory, phrenic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalFoot LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic, left hypogastric nerve, cervical, left hypogastric nerve, lubricate, left hypogastric nerve, prostatic, left hypogastric nerve, ureteric, left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal, right hypogastric nerve, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal * [HumanNervesSpinalThigh LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second * [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves * [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic THORACIC NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS]: greater thoracic splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, lowest splanchnic nerve * *Cold receptors* (SCR): respond to low temperature; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory} * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: nerves to masticatory muscles * *Nonencapsulated free-nerve endings* (SFN): pain and temperature * *C fiber nociceptors* (SFN-CN): responsible for the second, burning pain; FIBERS={C-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: lacrimal nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: laryngeal nerve, internal, recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior, tympanic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalFoot LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic * [HumanNervesSpinalThigh LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second * [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves * *C fiber warming-specific receptors* (SFN-CW): responsible for warmth; FIBERS={C-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: lacrimal nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: laryngeal nerve, internal, recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior, tympanic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalFoot LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic * [HumanNervesSpinalThigh LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second * [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves * *C mechano- and metabo- receptors in muscles or joints* (SFN-CM): responsible for muscle exercise, burn and cramp; FIBERS={C-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: lacrimal nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: laryngeal nerve, internal, recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior, tympanic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalFoot LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic * [HumanNervesSpinalThigh LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second * [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves * *tactile C fibers* (SFN-CT): sensual touch; FIBERS={C-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: lacrimal nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: laryngeal nerve, internal, recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior, tympanic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalFoot LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic * [HumanNervesSpinalThigh LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second * [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves * *ultra-slow histamine-selective C fibers* (SFN-CI): responsible for itch; FIBERS={C-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: lacrimal nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: laryngeal nerve, internal, recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior, tympanic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalFoot LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve * [HumanNervesSpinalGenital LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic * [HumanNervesSpinalThigh LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second * [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves * *Proprioceptors* (SPROP) * *Golgi tendon organs* (SGT): muscle tension; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: musculocutaneous nerve, sensory * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: occipital nerve, third, suboccipital nerve * *Muscle spindles* (SMS): skeletal muscle, stretch by muscle length, fast * *Dynamic nuclear bag fibers* (SMS-DN): report rate of change of muscle length; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: musculocutaneous nerve, sensory * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: occipital nerve, third, suboccipital nerve * *Nuclear chain fibers* (SMS-NC): report static length of muscle; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: musculocutaneous nerve, sensory * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: occipital nerve, third, suboccipital nerve * *Static nuclear bag fibers* (SMS-SN): report static length of muscle; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory} * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]: musculocutaneous nerve, sensory * [HumanNervesSpinalCervical HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]: occipital nerve, third, suboccipital nerve * *Special Senses* (SPS) * *Baroreceptors* (SSB): blood pressure in carotid sinus; FIBERS={C-sensory} * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: Hering's nerve * *Cochlea receptor* (SSA): audition; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory} * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: cochlear nerve * *Olfactory receptor* (SSS): smell, odor detection; FIBERS={C-sensory} * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: olfactory nerves * *Oxigen chemoreceptors* (SSO): oxigen level in carotid body; FIBERS={C-sensory} * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: Hering's nerve * *Retinal rods and cones* (SSV): vision receptors; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory; C-sensory} * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: ampullar nerve, optic nerve, saccular nerve, utricular nerve * *Taste buds* (SST): taste receptors; FIBERS={C-sensory} * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]: communicating branch of chorda tympani with lingual nerve, palatine nerves, lesser, parasympathetic fibers * [HumanNervesCranial CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]: glossopharyngeal nerve, tonsillar branch *Fibers by thickness*: * *A-alpha* (mixed, 12-22 mcm, 70-120 m/sec): low theshold, 2ms after stimulus (type Ia,Ib; motoneurons, touch, position and velocity) * *A-alpha-Ia* (mixed) * *A-alpha-Ia-motor* - alpha motoneurons (motor); ENDINGS={MA-FF,MA-FR,MA-S}; NERVES={[HumanNervesCranial abducent nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial accessory nerve, external]; [HumanNervesCranial accessory nerve, internal]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ansa cervicalis]; [HumanNervesCranial auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]; [HumanNervesCranial auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical axillary nerve, anterior branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii]; [HumanNervesCranial cochlear nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot common peroneal nerve, articular branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical dorsal scapular nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial facial nerve, buccal branch]; [HumanNervesCranial facial nerve, cervical branch]; [HumanNervesCranial facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch]; [HumanNervesCranial facial nerve, mouth opening muscles]; [HumanNervesCranial facial nerve, temporal branch]; [HumanNervesCranial facial nerve, zygomatic branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot fibular nerve, deep]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk first intercostal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital genitofemoral nerve, genital]; [HumanNervesCranial glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, inferior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, superior]; [HumanNervesCranial hypoglossal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital inferior rectal nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial laryngeal nerve, external]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical lateral pectoral nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical long thoracic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical medial pectoral nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, motor, forearm innervation]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical musculocutaneous nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesCranial mylohyoid nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to geniohyoid]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to levator scapulae]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve to psoas muscles]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve to quadratus lumborum]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to splenius capitis muscle]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to splenius cervilis muscle]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital nerve to superficial transverse perineal]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles]; [HumanNervesCranial nerves to masticatory muscles]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical occipital nerve, greater]; [HumanNervesCranial oculomotor nerve, inferior branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital perineal nerve, deep branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical phrenic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh piriform nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot plantar nerve, medial]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesCranial stapedius nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical subclavian nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk subcostal nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical suboccipital nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical subscapular nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical suprascapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical thyroid nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve, muscular branches]; [HumanNervesCranial trochlear nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch]} * *A-alpha-Ia-sensory* (sensory): skin, two-point discrimination (muscle spindle primary sensory endings; extrafusal muscles, Meissner's corpuscles; annulospiral endings, length and velocity); ENDINGS={SMC} * *A-alpha-Ib-sensory* (sensory): report load being applied to muscle, stretching of skin; ENDINGS={SGT,SRC,SMS-NC,SMS-SN,SMS-DN}; NERVES={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical musculocutaneous nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical occipital nerve, third]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical suboccipital nerve]} * *A-beta* (mixed, 8-13 mcm, 40-70 m/sec): higher theshold, 4ms after stimulus (type II; fine touch, kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary endings) * *A-beta-motor* - beta motoneurons (motor): skeleto-fusimotor, intrafusal fibers and collaterals to extrafusal muscle fibers, muscle spindles, increase dynamic sensitivity of ending; ENDINGS={MB-D,MB-S} * *A-beta-sensory* (sensory): fine touch, kinesthesia (length only; secondary afferents, flower spray endings); ENDINGS={SMD,SRC,SHF,SPC,SMC}; NERVES={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital Genitalia nerves, somatic]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital Rectum nerves, somatic]; [HumanNervesCranial alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches]; [HumanNervesCranial alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical arm nerves, sensory]; [HumanNervesCranial auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]; [HumanNervesCranial auricular nerves, anterior]; [HumanNervesCranial auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane]; [HumanNervesCranial auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial buccal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical cervical nerve, transverse]; [HumanNervesCranial ciliary nerves, sensory fibers]; [HumanNervesCranial ethmoidal nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial frontal nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch]; [HumanNervesCranial glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical great auricular nerve, anterior branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical great auricular nerve, posterior branch]; [HumanNervesCranial inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches]; [HumanNervesCranial inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches]; [HumanNervesCranial infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch]; [HumanNervesCranial infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch]; [HumanNervesCranial infratrochlear nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial internal nasal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical jugular nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesCranial lacrimal nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces]; [HumanNervesCranial lingual nerve, lingual branch]; [HumanNervesCranial mandibular nerve, meningeal branch]; [HumanNervesCranial maxillary nerve, meningeal branch]; [HumanNervesCranial mental nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers]; [HumanNervesCranial nerve of external acoustic meatus]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical occipital nerve, neck]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical occipital nerve, third]; [HumanNervesCranial palatine nerve, sensory fibers]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical shoulder nerves, mixed]; [HumanNervesCranial sublingual nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial superior labial branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical supraclavicular nerves, intermediate]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical supraclavicular nerves, lateral]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical supraclavicular nerves, medial]; [HumanNervesCranial tentorial nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, auricular branch]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, meningeal branch]; [HumanNervesCranial zygomatic nerve]} * *A-delta-sensory* (sensory, 1-4 mcm, 5-15 m/sec): noxious, cold, pressure; 20ms after stimulus (type III; thinly-myelinated; noxious receptors - first/fast, sharp, well-localized pain; cold receptors - temperature, high-threshold mechano/heat, phasic; pressure - rapidly adapting mechanosensitive, directional selectivity, crude touch; auditory axons 2 mcm; vestibular axons 3 mcm); ENDINGS={SAD,SCR,SPC,SSA,SSV}; NERVES={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital Genitalia nerves, somatic]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital Rectum nerves, somatic]; [HumanNervesCranial ampullar nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical arm nerves, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical cervical cardiac nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh cluneal nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh coccygeal plexus]; [HumanNervesCranial cochlear nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot femoral nerve, leg]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh genitofemoral nerve, thigh]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, superior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic greater thoracic splanchnic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal muscular somatic nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostobrachial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital left hypogastric nerve, cervical]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital left hypogastric nerve, lubricate]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital left hypogastric nerve, prostatic]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital left hypogastric nerve, ureteric]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic lesser splanchnic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic lowest splanchnic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]; [HumanNervesCranial nerves to masticatory muscles]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical phrenic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital right hypogastric nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial saccular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot sciatic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh sciatic nerves, second]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical shoulder nerves, mixed]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic subcostal nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic thoracic breast nerves]; [HumanNervesCranial utricular nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, bronchial branch]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, cardiac branch]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, esophageal branches]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, gastric branch]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon]} * *A-gamma-motor* (motor, 4-8 mcm, 15-40 m/sec): intrafusal muscle fibers, 6ms after stimulus (skeletal muscle tone, contract muscle spindles from both ends, fusimotor gamma neurons, affect Ia/II); ENDINGS={MG-D,MG-S} * *B-motor* (motor, 1-3 mcm, 3-14 m/sec): preganglionic autonomic (myelinated, ACh, sympathetic only in T1-L3, IML); ENDINGS={MPA-SPAV,MPA-SPRV,MPA-PS,MPA-PC}; NERVES={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical ansa subclavia]; [HumanNervesCranial auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical caroticotympanic nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic]; [HumanNervesCranial chorda tympani, parasympathetic]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical external carotid nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital genitofemoral nerve, genital branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic greater thoracic splanchnic nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial inferior laryngeal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical jugular nerve, sympathetic]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital left hypogastric nerve, cervical]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital left hypogastric nerve, lubricate]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital left hypogastric nerve, prostatic]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital left hypogastric nerve, ureteric]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic lesser splanchnic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic lowest splanchnic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches]; [HumanNervesCranial nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers]; [HumanNervesCranial oculomotor nerve, superior branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers]; [HumanNervesCranial palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers]; [HumanNervesCranial petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland]; [HumanNervesCranial pharyngeal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital right hypogastric nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital scrotal nerve, posterior]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical stellate ganglion, arterial branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]; [HumanNervesCranial sublingual nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical superior cervical cardiac nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia]; [HumanNervesCranial tympanic nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, bronchial branch]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, cardiac branch]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, esophageal branches]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, gastric branch]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper]; [HumanNervesCranial vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon]} * *C* (mixed, 0.1-1 mcm, 0.2-2 m/sec): pain, touch, pressure, temperature, postganglionic autonomic, taste (60ms after stimulus) * *C-motor* (motor): postganglionic autonomic; ENDINGS={MPG-S,MPG-P} * *C-sensory* (sensory): pain and temperature, special (optic axons width average 0.72 mcm; olfactory axons 0.35 mcm); ENDINGS={SFN-CN,SFN-CW,SFN-CI,SFN-CT,SFN-CM,SST,SSV,SSO,SSB,SSS}; NERVES={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital Genitalia nerves, somatic]; [HumanNervesCranial Hering's nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital Rectum nerves, somatic]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical arm nerves, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh cluneal nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh coccygeal plexus]; [HumanNervesCranial communicating branch of chorda tympani with lingual nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot femoral nerve, leg]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh genitofemoral nerve, thigh]; [HumanNervesCranial glossopharyngeal nerve, tonsillar branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, superior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal muscular somatic nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostobrachial nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial lacrimal nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial laryngeal nerve, internal]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]; [HumanNervesCranial nerves to masticatory muscles]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial olfactory nerves]; [HumanNervesCranial optic nerve]; [HumanNervesCranial palatine nerves, lesser, parasympathetic fibers]; [HumanNervesCranial recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot sciatic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh sciatic nerves, second]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical shoulder nerves, mixed]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic subcostal nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic thoracic breast nerves]; [HumanNervesCranial tympanic nerve]} = Tracts Hierarchy = (generated) == Ascending Tracts == TRACT SET: [MindTractsAT Ascending Tracts] * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system TRACT ALS]: *anterolateral system* - pain transfer * TRACT SLS: *spinolimbic system* - autonomic body pain transfer * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771 TRACT SHTT]: *spinohypothalamic tract* - autonomic body pain transfer to hypothalamus * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray TRACT SMST]: *spinomesencephalic tract* - descending modulation of pain * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract TRACT SST]: *spinosolitary tract* - autonomic body pain transfer to parabrachial nucleus * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract TRACT SRS]: *spinoreticular system* - automatic body pain reflection * TRACT SMRT: *spinomedulloreticular tract* - automatic body pain spinal reflection * TRACT SPRT: *spinopontoreticular tract* - automatic body pain cortical reflection * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract TRACT STCT]: *spinotectal tract* - automatic body pain spinovisual reflection * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract TRACT STS]: *spinothalamic system* - body pain transfer * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract TRACT ASTT]: *anterior spinothalamic tract* (paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract) - body slow pain localization * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract TRACT LSTT]: *lateral spinothalamic tract* (neospinothalamic tract) - body pain perception * [http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html TRACT TTS]: *trigeminothalamic system* - head pain transfer * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract TRACT ATTT]: *anterior trigeminothalamic tract* (ventral trigeminothalamic tract) - head pain localization * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract TRACT DTTT]: *dorsal trigeminal tract* (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus) - head pain perception * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus TRACT MLS]: *medial lemniscus system* - conscious body mechanical perception * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway TRACT PCS]: *posterior column system* (dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon) - conscious upper body mechanical and lower body cutaneous perception * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus TRACT FCT]: *fasciculus cuneatus tract* (tract of Burdach) - conscious upper body mechanical perception * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus TRACT FGT]: *fasciculus gracilis tract* (tract of Goll) - conscious lower body cutaneous perception * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway TRACT SCVT]: *spinocervical tract* (Morin's tract) - conscious lower body proprioception * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract TRACT SCS]: *spinocerebellar system* - automatic activity * TRACT DSCS: *direct spinocerebellar system* - automatic activity of body * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers TRACT CSCT]: *cuneocerebellar tract* - automatic activity of upper limbs * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT DSCT]: *dorsal spinocerebellar tract* (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract) - automatic activity of lower limbs * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT RSCT]: *rostral spinocerebellar tract* - automatic activity of upper body * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT VSCT]: *ventral spinocerebellar tract* (anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract) - automatic activity of lower body * TRACT SMTS: *spinometencephalic system* - automatic activity integration * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SOT]: *spinoolivary tract* (Helwegs tract) - automatic activity of head, neck and upper limbs * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SVT]: *spinovestibular tract* - automatic activity vestibular integration == Descending Tracts == TRACT SET: [MindTractsDT Descending Tracts] * TRACT ATS: *autonomic tracts system* (descending autonomic fibers) - autonomic control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamospinal_tract TRACT HTST]: *hypothalamospinal tract* - oculomotor autonomic control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system TRACT SSS]: *solitariospinal system* - involuntary breathing control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_respiratory_group TRACT SSET]: *solitariospinal expiratory tract* - rhythmic expiration * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_respiratory_group TRACT SSIT]: *solitariospinal inpiratory tract* - rhythmic inspiration * TRACT ESS: *extensor somatic system* - extensor control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract TRACT ACST]: *anterior corticospinal tract* (ventral corticospinal tract) - conscious extensor control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus TRACT MLFS]: *medial longitudinal fasciculus system* - automatic control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectospinal_tract TRACT TCST]: *tectospinal tract* - oculomotor automatic control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract TRACT VST]: *vestibulospinal tract* - body automatic control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_vestibulospinal_tract TRACT LVST]: *lateral vestibulospinal tract* - maintaining balance via legs extensors * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_vestibulospinal_tract TRACT MVST]: *medial vestibulospinal tract* - stabilize visual image on retina * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulospinal_tract TRACT RTSS]: *reticulospinal system* - automatic and autonomic control * TRACT MRST: *medullary reticulospinal tract* (lateral reticulospinal tract) - inhibit extensors * TRACT PRST: *pontine reticulospinal tract* (medial reticulospinal tract) - excite extensors * TRACT FSS: *flexor somatic system* - flexor control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract TRACT CBT]: *corticobulbar tract* - cranial flexor control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract TRACT LSTT]: *lateral corticospinal tract* - conscious flexor control * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract TRACT RBST]: *rubrospinal tract* - automatic flexor control