#summary Human Spinal Thoracic Nerves
[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [HumanNerves] -> [HumanNervesSpinalRoots]
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This page is intended to list spinal cord roots of biological human, which connect mind to human limbs and visceral organs.

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Coverage verified by:
  * http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nerve (name base)
  * http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves (MA reference)

= CERVICAL NERVES - ROOTS =
(generated)

*motor nuclei/ganglia*:

*sensory nuclei/ganglia*:

*nerves*:
  * *C1-C4, upper cervical ventral spinal roots*; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levator_claviculae_muscle Hand - levator claviculae muscle] - lifts clavicle}
   * <img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Cervical_plexus.PNG" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400>
   * *C1 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne58.htm C1 NERVE]); DISTRIBUTION={moves forward lateral to the lateral mass and medial to vertebral artery}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *C1 nerve, dorsal root* (suboccipital nerve); DISTRIBUTION={supplies all the muscles in suboccipital triangle}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical suboccipital nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical jugular nerve, sensory]}
    * *C1 nerve, ventral root*; BRANCHES={muscular branch to sternocleidomastoid, rectus lateralis/capitis anterior, longus capitis; greater auricular nerve; lesser occipital nerve; branch to vagus nerve; superior root of ansa cervicalis}; DISTRIBUTION={joins the ascending branches of C2 nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesCranial accessory nerve, external]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ansa cervicalis, superior root]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to geniohyoid]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical thyroid nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical suboccipital nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles]}
   * *C2 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne59.htm C2 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *C2 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial (greater occipital nerve - supplies the skin of the scalp as far as the vertex) and lateral branches}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical cervical nerve, transverse]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical great auricular nerve, anterior branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical occipital nerve, greater]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical occipital nerve, lesser]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical jugular nerve, sensory]}
    * *C2 nerve, ventral root*; BRANCHES={divides into terminal ascending and descending branches; muscular branches to sternocleidomastoid, longus capitis/colli; inferior root of ansa cervicalis; greater auricular nerve; lesser occipital nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesCranial accessory nerve, external]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ansa cervicalis, inferior root]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical occipital nerve, greater]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles]}
   * *C3 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne60.htm C3 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *C3 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - skin after piercing the trapezius and the splenius; lateral - joins C2 dorsal ramus}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical phrenic nerve, proper]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical cervical nerve, transverse]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical great auricular nerve, posterior branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical occipital nerve, lesser]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical occipital nerve, third]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical supraclavicular nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical jugular nerve, sensory]}
    * *C3 nerve, ventral root*; BRANCHES={muscular branches to trapezius, longus capitis, longus colli, scalenus medius, levator scapulae; inferior root of ansa cervicalis; root to phrenic nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesCranial accessory nerve, external]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ansa cervicalis, inferior root]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical phrenic nerve, proper]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to splenius capitis muscle]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *C4 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne61.htm C4 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *C4 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={supply the skin of C4 dermatome and the muscles of the back; medial - skin after piercing the trapezius and the splenius; lateral - supply the longissimus, cervicis, longissimus capitis, and iliocostalis cervicis}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical phrenic nerve, proper]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical supraclavicular nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical jugular nerve, sensory]}
    * *C4 nerve, ventral root*; BRANCHES={muscular branches to trapezius, levator scapulae, longus colli; branch to phrenic nerve; small communication to C5 nerve; with C3 forms supraclavicular nerves}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesCranial accessory nerve, external]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical phrenic nerve, proper]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to splenius capitis muscle]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *C5-C8, lower cervical ventral spinal roots*; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * <img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Brachial_plexus_color.svg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
   * *C5 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne62.htm C5 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *C5 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={medial - skin after piercing the trapezius and the splenius; lateral - longissimus, cervicis, longissimus capitis, and iliocostalis cervicis}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical phrenic nerve, accessory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical suprascapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical musculocutaneous nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical axillary nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, sensory]}
    * *C5 nerve, ventral root*; BRANCHES={dorsal scapular nerve; muscular branch to scalene muscles; branch to long thoracic nerve/phrenic nerve; terminal part joins C6 to form upper trunk of brachial plexus}; DISTRIBUTION={leads into the upper trunk, then to the lateral cord, and finally to the musculocutaneous nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical phrenic nerve, accessory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical dorsal scapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical suprascapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical lateral pectoral nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical musculocutaneous nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical long thoracic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical subclavian nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical axillary nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical lower subscapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical upper subscapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical pectoral nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to splenius cervilis muscle]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *C6 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne63.htm C6 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *C6 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={skin of C6 dermatome and the muscles of the back; medial - skin after piercing the trapezius and the splenius; lateral - longissimus, cervicis, longissimus capitis, and iliocostalis cervicis}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical suprascapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical musculocutaneous nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical axillary nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, sensory]}
    * *C6 nerve, ventral root*; BRANCHES={to scalene muscles; long thoracic nerve; terminal part joins C5 to form upper trunk of brachial plexus}; DISTRIBUTION={innervating many muscles of the rotator cuff and distal arm - subclavius, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, biceps brachii, brachialis, deltoid, teres minor, brachioradialis, serratus anterior, subscapularis, pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, teres major, supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, latissimus dorsi}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical subclavian nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical musculocutaneous nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical axillary nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical lower subscapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical upper subscapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical long thoracic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical nerve to splenius cervilis muscle]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *C7 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne64.htm C7 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *C7 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={supply the skin of C7 dermatome and the muscles of the back; medial - skin after piercing the trapezius and the splenius; lateral - longissimus, cervicis, longissimus capitis, and iliocostalis cervicis}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical musculocutaneous nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, sensory]}
    * *C7 nerve, ventral root*; BRANCHES={to scalene muscles; to long thoracic nerve; terminal part forms the middle trunk of brachial plexus}; DISTRIBUTION={musculocutaneous nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, wrist flexion and hand adduction}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical musculocutaneous nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical lateral pectoral nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical long thoracic nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical middle subscapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *C8 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne65.htm C8 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *C8 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={supply the skin of C8 dermatome and the muscles of the back; medial - skin after piercing the trapezius and the splenius; lateral - longissimus, cervicis, longissimus capitis, and iliocostalis cervicis; skin on the little finger, slightly past the wrist on the palmar and dorsal aspects of the hand and forearm}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ulnar nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical cutaneous nerve of arm, medial]}
    * *C8 nerve, ventral root*; BRANCHES={to scalene muscles; to long thoracic nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={flexion of the fingers, many mucles of trunk, upper arm, forearm, hand}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ulnar nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical medial pectoral nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical middle subscapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}

= THORACIC NERVES - ROOTS =
(generated)

*motor nuclei/ganglia*:

*sensory nuclei/ganglia*:

*nerves*:
  * *T1 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne26.htm T1 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *T1 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T1 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T1 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ulnar nerve, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical cutaneous nerve of arm, medial]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
   * *T1 nerve, ventral root*; BRANCHES={large and small branches}; DISTRIBUTION={large - brachial plexus; small - first intercostal nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalCervical median nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical radial nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical ulnar nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical medial pectoral nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalCervical middle subscapular nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk first intercostal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *T12 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne37.htm 12TH THORACIC NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *T12 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular multifidus and longissimus thoracis; lateral - skin of anterior part of gluteal region}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic subcostal nerve, sensory]}
   * *T12 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={subcostal nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk subcostal nerve, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *lower thoracic nerves*; DISTRIBUTION={Rectus abdominis; Intercostales; Serratus posterior inferior}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * <img src="http://www.cutandjacked.com/sites/default/files/images/abs/manage_abs5.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
   * *T10 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne35.htm T10 NERVE]); DISTRIBUTION={supplies muscles of anterior abdominal wall - internal oblique, rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *T10 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T10 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T10 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal muscular somatic nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
    * *T10 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={10th intercostal nerve; supply external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis muscles}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *T11 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne36.htm T11 NERVE]); DISTRIBUTION={supplies muscles of anterior abdominal wall - internal oblique, rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *T11 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T11 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T11 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal muscular somatic nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
    * *T11 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={11th intercostal nerve; supply external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis muscles}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *T7 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne32.htm T7 NERVE]); DISTRIBUTION={supply muscles of abdomen - external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *T7 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T7 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T7 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal muscular somatic nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
    * *T7 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={7th intercostal nerve; supply external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis muscles}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *T8 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne33.htm T8 NERVE]); DISTRIBUTION={supply muscles of abdomen - external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *T8 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T8 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T8 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal muscular somatic nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
    * *T8 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={8th intercostal nerve; supply external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis muscles}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *T9 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne34.htm T9 NERVE]); DISTRIBUTION={supplies muscles of anterior abdominal wall - internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *T9 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T9 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T9 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal muscular somatic nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
    * *T9 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={9th intercostal nerve; supply external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis muscles}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *upper thoracic nerves*; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *T2 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne27.htm T2 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *T2 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T2 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T2 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic first intercostobrachial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
    * *T2 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={2nd intercostal nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *T3 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne28.htm T3 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *T3 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T3 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T3 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic second intercostobrachial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
    * *T3 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={3rd intercostal nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *T4 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne29.htm T4 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *T4 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T4 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T4 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic thoracic breast nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
    * *T4 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={4th intercostal nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *T5 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne30.htm T5 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *T5 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T5 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T5 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic thoracic breast nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
    * *T5 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={5th intercostal nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
   * *T6 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne31.htm T6 NERVE]); MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
    * *T6 nerve, dorsal root*; BRANCHES={divides into medial and lateral branches}; DISTRIBUTION={medial - muscular semispinalis thoracis and multifidus, cutaneous medial part of posterior aspect of T6 dermatome; lateral - muscular longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis thoracis, cutaneous lateral part of the T6 dermatome}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal muscular somatic nerves]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]; [HumanNervesSpinalThoracic intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]}
    * *T6 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={6th intercostal nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}

= LUMBAR NERVES - ROOTS =
(generated)

*motor nuclei/ganglia*:

*sensory nuclei/ganglia*:

*nerves*:
  * *L1 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne40.htm L1 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment L1}; BRANCHES={dorsal - medial, lateral; ventral - lower, upper}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * <img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m78bm0YZdg1qmsba5o1_500.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
   * *L1 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={medial - to multifidus, lateral - cutaneous branches, supply skin of gluteal region}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital iliohypogastric nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital ilioinguinal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital genitofemoral nerve, genital branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh genitofemoral nerve, femoral branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh cluneal nerves, superior]}
    * <img src="http://postpartumpunk.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/multifidus-system-side.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
   * *L1 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={lower to lumbar plexus - to genitofemoral nerve, upper - to iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital genitofemoral nerve, genital branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve to quadratus lumborum]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *L2 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne43.htm L2 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment L2}; BRANCHES={dorsal - medial, lateral; ventral - 1-4 branches}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *L2 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={medial - to multifidus, lateral - cutaneous branches, supply skin of gluteal region}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital genitofemoral nerve, genital branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh genitofemoral nerve, femoral branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot femoral nerve, leg]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh cluneal nerves, superior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]}
   * *L2 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={1 - to genitofemoral nerve, 2 - to lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh, 3 - to femoral nerve, 4 - to obturator nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital genitofemoral nerve, genital branch]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh femoral nerve, thigh, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve to quadratus lumborum]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *L3 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne44.htm L3 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment L3}; BRANCHES={dorsal - medial, lateral; ventral - 1-4 branches}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *L3 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={medial - to multifidus, lateral - cutaneous branches, supply skin of gluteal region}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThigh cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot femoral nerve, leg]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh cluneal nerves, superior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, proper]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, accessory]}
   * *L3 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={1 - to lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh, 2 - to femoral nerve, 3 - to accessory obturator nerve, 4 - to obturator nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThigh femoral nerve, thigh, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, proper]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, accessory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve to quadratus lumborum]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *L4 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne45.htm L4 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment L4}; BRANCHES={dorsal - medial, lateral; ventral - 1-4 branches}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *L4 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={medial - to multifidus, lateral - to erector spinae group}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalFoot femoral nerve, leg]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot common peroneal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, superior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, proper]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, accessory]}
   * *L4 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={1 - to femoral nerve, 2 - to lumbosacral trunk, 3 - to accessory obturator nerve, 4 - to obturator nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalFoot common peroneal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, superior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh femoral nerve, thigh, motor]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, proper]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, accessory]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve to quadratus lumborum]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *L5 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne46.htm L5 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment L5}; BRANCHES={dorsal - medial, lateral; ventral - 1-4 branches}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *L5 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={medial - to multifidus, lateral - to erector spinae group}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalFoot common peroneal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot sural nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, superior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, internal]}
   * *L5 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={1 - to tibial part of sciatic nerve, 2 - to common peroneal part of sciatic nerve, 3 - to superior gluteal nerve, 4 - to inferior gluteal nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalFoot common peroneal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot sural nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, inferior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, superior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, internal]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}

= SACRAL AND COCCYGEAL NERVES - ROOTS =
(generated)

*motor nuclei/ganglia*:

*sensory nuclei/ganglia*:

*nerves*:
  * *CX nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne56.htm Co1 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment CX}; MODALITY={general sensory}
   * *CX nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={anococcygeal}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalThigh anococcygeal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh coccygeal nerve]}
  * *S1 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne49.htm S1 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment S1}; BRANCHES={dorsal - medial, lateral; ventral - 1-3}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * <img src="http://anatomytopics.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pelvic-nerves-sacral-plexus-2.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
   * *S1 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={medial - to multifidus, lateral - cutaneous branches, supply skin of gluteal region}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalFoot common peroneal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot sural nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, superior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh piriform nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, internal]}
   * *S1 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={1 - common peroneal part of sciatic nerve, 2 - tibial part of sciatic nerve, 3 - posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalFoot common peroneal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot sural nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, inferior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, superior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh piriform nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, internal]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *S2 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne50.htm S2 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment S2}; BRANCHES={dorsal - medial, lateral; ventral - 1-5}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *S2 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={medial - to multifidus, lateral - cutaneous branches, supply skin of gluteal region}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalFoot common peroneal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot sural nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital pudendal nerve, genitalia]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh piriform nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, internal]}
   * *S2 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={1 - common peroneal part of sciatic nerve, 2 - tibial part of sciatic nerve, 3 - pudendal nerve, 4 - nerve to piriformis, 5 - viscera}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalFoot common peroneal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalFoot sural nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital pudendal nerve, genitalia]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh gluteal nerve, inferior]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh piriform nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh obturator nerve, internal]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *S3 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne51.htm S3 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment S3}; BRANCHES={dorsal - medial, lateral; ventral - 1-5}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *S3 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={medial - to multifidus, lateral - cutaneous branches, supply skin of gluteal region}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital pudendal nerve, genitalia]}
   * *S3 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={1 - visceral branch, 2 - join pudendal nerve, 3 - join perforating cutanaeous nerve, 4 - join posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, 5 - join common peroneal part of sciatic nerve}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalFoot tibial nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalGenital pudendal nerve, genitalia]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *S4 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne52.htm S4 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment S4}; BRANCHES={dorsal - medial, lateral; ventral - muscular branches}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *S4 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={medial - to multifidus, lateral - cutaneous branches, supply skin of gluteal region}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital perineal nerve, rectum]}
   * *S4 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={nerve to levator ani, nerve to coccygeus, nerve to external anal sphincter}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital perineal nerve, rectum]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}
  * *S5 nerve* (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne53.htm S5 NERVE]); ORIGIN={Spinal cord segment S5}; BRANCHES={dorsal - medial, lateral; ventral - muscular branches}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor, general sensory}
   * *S5 nerve, dorsal root*; DISTRIBUTION={anococcygeal}; MODALITY={general sensory}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital inferior rectal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalThigh anococcygeal nerve]}
   * *S5 nerve, ventral root*; DISTRIBUTION={coccygeal}; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}; ROOTS={[HumanNervesSpinalGenital inferior rectal nerve]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, flexors]; [HumanNervesSpinalTrunk motor nerves of back, extensors]}