#summary Hand
@@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaTEA] -> [BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND]
----

This page covers biological details of component Hand.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

  * *Top-down path to region*: Target -> Human Effectors (aHumanEffectors) -> [BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND Hand] (TARGET.TEA.HAND) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps])
  * *Type*: effector
  * *Quality*: L0
  * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaTEA Effector Area] (TEA)
  * *Area circuit*: TARGET.TEA.HAND Circuit (TARGET.TEA.HAND.CIRCUIT)
  * *Role*: targeteffector
  * *Function*: Primary Execution Motor
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


*Component items*:
  * *Hand somatic sensory data* (*hand-somatic-sensory*)
   * Hand - hand somatic receptors (hand-somatic-receptors -> [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]): somatic sensations
  * *Hand shoulder* (*hand-shoulder*)
   * *Hand shoulder flexors* (*hand-shoulder-flexors*)
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraspinatus_muscle Hand - infraspinatus muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM LPC.SC.VH.PM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs infraspinatus-muscle]): lateral rotation of arm; adduction of arm and stabilizes humerus
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraspinatus_muscle Hand - supraspinatus muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM LPC.SC.VH.PM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs supraspinatus-muscle]): abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltoid_muscle Hand - deltoid muscle, anterior] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM LPC.SC.VH.PM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs anterior-deltoid-muscle]): shoulder flexion
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coracobrachialis_muscle Hand - coracobrachialis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL LPC.SC.VH.PL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs coracobrachialis-muscle]): flexes and adducts humerus
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levator_claviculae_muscle Hand - levator claviculae muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL LPC.SC.VH.PL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs levator-claviculae-muscle]): lifts clavicle
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levator_scapulae_muscle Hand - levator scapulae muscle, roots] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL LPC.SC.VH.PL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs levator-scapulae-muscle-roots]): elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levator_scapulae_muscle Hand - levator scapulae muscle, scapular] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL LPC.SC.VH.PL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs levator-scapulae-muscle-scapular]): elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectoralis_major_muscle Hand - pectoralis major muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL LPC.SC.VH.PL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs pectoralis-major-muscle]): clavicular head: flexes the humerus; sternocostal head: extends the humerus; as a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhomboid_muscle Hand - rhomboid major muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM LPC.SC.VH.PM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs rhomboid-major-muscle]): retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity; it also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhomboid_muscle Hand - rhomboid minor muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM LPC.SC.VH.PM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs rhomboid-minor-muscle]): retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity; it also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serratus_anterior_muscle Hand - serratus anterior muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM LPC.SC.VH.PM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs serratus-anterior-muscle]): retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity; it also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternalis Hand - sternalis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM LPC.SC.VH.PM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs sternalis-muscle]): protract and stabilize scapula, assists in upward rotation
   * *Hand shoulder extensors* (*hand-shoulder-extensors*)
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscapularis_muscle Hand - subscapularis muscle, lower] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs subscapularis-muscle-lower]): rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscapularis_muscle Hand - subscapularis muscle, upper] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs subscapularis-muscle-upper]): rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teres_major_muscle Hand - teres major muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs shoulder-teres-major-muscle]): internal rotation of the humerus
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latissimus_dorsi_muscle Hand - latissimus dorsi muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs shoulder-latissimus-dorsi-muscle]): pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltoid_muscle Hand - deltoid muscle, lateral and posterior] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs posteriolateral-deltoid-muscle]): shoulder abduction, extension
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectoralis_minor_muscle Hand - pectoralis minor muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs pectoralis-minor-muscle]): stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclavius_muscle Hand - subclavius muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs subclavius-muscle]): depression of clavicle
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezius_muscle Hand - trapezius muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs trapezius-muscle]): descending (superior) part elevates; ascending (inferior) part depresses; and middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
  * *Hand elbow* (*hand-elbow*)
   * *Hand elbow flexors* (*hand-elbow-flexors*)
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps Hand - biceps muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL LPC.SC.VH.PL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs biceps-muscle]): flexes elbow and supinates forearm
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachialis_muscle Hand - brachialis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL LPC.SC.VH.PL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs brachialis-muscle]): flexion at elbow joint
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronator_quadratus Hand - pronator quadratus muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL LPC.SC.VH.PL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs pronator-quadratus-muscle]): pronates the forearm
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronator_teres_muscle Hand - pronator teres muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL LPC.SC.VH.PL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs pronator-teres-muscle]): pronation of forearm, flexes elbow
   * *Hand elbow extensors* (*hand-elbow-extensors*)
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teres_minor_muscle Hand - teres minor muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs teres-minor-muscle]): laterally rotates and adducts the arm
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceps_brachii_muscle Hand - triceps brachii muscle, axillary] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs triceps-brachii-muscle-axillary]): extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceps_brachii_muscle Hand - triceps brachii muscle, radial] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs triceps-brachii-muscle-radial]): extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articularis_cubiti_muscle Hand - articularis cubiti muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs articularis-cubiti-muscle]): lifts capsule away from joint
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supinator_muscle Hand - supinator muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs supinator-muscle]): supinates forearm
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anconeus_muscle Hand - anconeus muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs anconeus-muscle]): partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm; stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachioradialis Hand - brachioradialis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs brachioradialis-muscle]): stabilizer of elbow joint
  * *Hand wrist* (*hand-wrist*)
   * *Hand wrist flexors* (*hand-wrist-flexors*)
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_carpi_radialis_muscle Hand - flexor carpi radialis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM LPC.SC.VH.PM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs flexor-carpi-radialis-muscle]): flexion and abduction at wrist
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle Hand - flexor carpi ulnaris muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM LPC.SC.VH.PM] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs flexor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle]): flexion and adduction of wrist
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, interosseous] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-interosseous]): flex hand, interphalangeal joints; flexor of the wrist (midcarpal), metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints; flexes the 2-5 digits
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmaris_longus_muscle Hand - palmaris longus muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs palmaris-longus-muscle]): wrist flexor
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmaris_brevis_muscle Hand - palmaris brevis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs palmaris-brevis-muscle]): wrinkle skin of palm
   * *Hand wrist extensors* (*hand-wrist-extensors*)
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle Hand - extensor digiti minimi muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs extensor-digiti-minimi-muscle]): extends and adducts the wrist
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_carpi_radialis_longus_muscle Hand - extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs extensor-carpi-radialis-brevis-muscle]): extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_carpi_radialis_brevis_muscle Hand - extensor carpi radialis longus muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs extensor-carpi-radialis-longus-muscle]): extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint
  * *Hand fingers* (*hand-fingers*)
   * *Hand fingers flexors* (*hand-fingers-flexors*)
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle Hand - flexor pollicis longus muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs flexor-pollicis-longus-muscle]): flexor of the phalanges of the thumb
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_pollicis_brevis_muscle Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, median] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle]): flexion of thumb
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle Hand - flexor digitorum superficialis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs flexor-digitorum-superficialis-muscle]): flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints); flexion of the middle phalanges of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductor_digiti_minimi_muscle_(hand) Hand - abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle]): abduction of little finger
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle Hand - abductor pollicis brevis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs abductor-pollicis-brevis-muscle]): abduction of thumb
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adductor_pollicis_muscle Hand - adductor pollicis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs adductor-pollicis-muscle]): adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_interossei_of_the_hand Hand - dorsal interossei muscles of the hand] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs dorsal-interossei-muscle-hand]): abduct fingers
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_digiti_minimi_brevis_(hand) Hand - flexor digiti minimi brevis of hand] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle-hand]): flexes little finger
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, ulnar] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-ulnar]): flex hand, interphalangeal joints; flexor of the wrist (midcarpal), metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints; flexes the 2-5 digits
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_pollicis_brevis_muscle Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, ulnar] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle-ulnar]): flexion of thumb
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbricals_of_the_hand Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, median] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs lumbricals-hand-muscles-median]): flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbricals_of_the_hand Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, ulnar] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs lumbricals-hand-muscles-ulnar]): flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opponens_digiti_minimi_muscle Hand - opponens digiti minimi muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs opponens-digiti-minimi-muscles]): draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opponens_pollicis_muscle Hand - opponens pollicis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs opponens-pollicis-muscle]): opposition of the thumb
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmar_interossei_muscles Hand - palmar interossei muscles] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs palmar-interossei-muscles]): adduct the fingers towards middle finger
   * *Hand fingers extensors* (*hand-fingers-extensors*)
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle Hand - abductor pollicis longus muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs abductor-pollicis-longus-muscle]): abduction, extension of thumb
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle Hand - extensor carpi ulnaris muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs extensor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle]): extends the little finger at all joints
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_muscle Hand - extensor digitorum muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs extensor-digitorum-muscle]): extension of hand and fingers
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_indicis_proprius Hand - extensor indicis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs extensor-indicis-muscle]): extends index finger, wrist
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_pollicis_brevis_muscle Hand - extensor pollicis brevis muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs extensor-pollicis-brevis-muscle]): extension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
    * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle Hand - extensor pollicis longus muscle] ([BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] -> [HumanMusclesLimbs extensor-pollicis-longus-muscle]): extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal)

= Connectivity =
(generated)


http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/TARGET.TEA.HAND.dot.png

*Inbound Region Connections:*

|| *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaLPC LPC] || [BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL LPC.SC.VH.PL] || Posterolateral Nucleus || biceps-muscle || (none) ||(unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM LPC.SC.VH.PM] || Posteromedial Nucleus || anterior-deltoid-muscle || (none) ||(unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL LPC.SC.VH.RPL] || Retroposterolateral Nucleus || abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle || (none) ||(unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL LPC.SC.VH.VL] || Ventrolateral Nucleus || abductor-pollicis-longus-muscle || (none) ||(unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM LPC.SC.VH.VM] || Ventromedial Nucleus || posteriolateral-deltoid-muscle || (none) ||(unknown reference) ||

*Outbound Region Connections:*

|| *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaLPC LPC] || [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG LPC.PN.SG.UDRG] || Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion || hand-somatic-receptors || (none) || (unknown reference) ||

= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)

  * no circuits defined

= References =
(generated)

  * no references defined