#summary Inferotemporal Cortex @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaNSA] -> [BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE] ---- This page covers biological details of component Inferotemporal Cortex. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Cerebral Cortex -> Temporal Lobe (NC.LOBE.TEMP) -> [BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area] (NSA.NC.IT) -> [BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex] (NSA.NC.IT.TE) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: cortex * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaNSA Neocortical Brain - Sensory Aggregation Area] (NSA) * *Area circuit*: Vision Complex Objects (VCO) * *Brodmann ID*: 20 * *Role*: cortex.generic * *Function*: Represent different views of objects * *Notes to function*: * Face recognition, high level visual processing (generated) = Components = (generated) * no child items defined = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NSA.NC.IT.TE.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaNSA NSA] || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO NSA.NC.IT.TEO] || Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (TEO -> TE)] || || || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V4D NSA.NC.OCC.V4D] || Dorsal Visual Area V4 || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Primate Control of Grasping (VC -> IT, abstract)] || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_LADL FAM.FT.AM.LADL] || Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (ITC -> LA, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD FEC.FT.CN.BD] || Caudate Nucleus Body || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaFMM FMM] || [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC FMM.NC.PH.LEC] || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html McNaughton Spatial Processing Network (ITCortex -> EnthCortex, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER FMM.NC.PH.PER] || Perirhinal Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Inferior_temporal_cortex Visual Path to Hippocampus (IT -> PRPH)] || || [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO LRC.HT.PRF.RPO] || Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements (TEF -> DLPN, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaNDM NDM] || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL] || Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IT -> LPC, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaNPE NPE] || [BrainRegionNPE_NC_PMC_CFEF NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF] || Caudal Frontal Eye Field || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements (TEF -> FEF, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaNSA NSA] || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP NSA.NC.IPS.AIP] || Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Primate Control of Grasping (IT -> AIP, abstract)] || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/images/nrn726-f3.jpg McNaughton Spatial Processing Network] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html Reference] (CP.VISUAL-SPATIAL-PROCESSING) EnthCortex=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) HF=[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF] ITCortex=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT] PCGRSP=[BrainCenterNC_MPL Medial Parietal Lobule,NC.MPL] ParInsVestCortex=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP] PosteriorParietalCortex=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG] SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) SomSensCortex=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/f/f2/ITCortex_pathway.jpg/400px-ITCortex_pathway.jpg Visual Path to Hippocampus] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Inferior_temporal_cortex Reference] (CP.VISUAL-PATH-TO-HC) A=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM] ER=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) H=[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF] IT=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE] PRPH=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER] TEO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO] V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) unavailable * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements] (unknown reference) (CP.SACCADIC-VOLUNTARY-AND-PURSUIT) CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex]) DLPN=[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HT.PRF.RPO] Extrastriate=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see [BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex]) PPC=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see [BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS Intraparietal Sulcus]) PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (see [BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation]) SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) Striate=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] TEF=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT] VGC=[BrainRegionLRC_MM_CJ Cajal Nucleus,LRC.MM.CJ] Vestibular=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_LVBN Lateral Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.LVBN] unavailable * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/visual-streams.jpg 3 Visual Cortex Paths] - see [article:Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf Reference] (CP.BASE-VISUAL-CORTEX-FLOWS) IPL=[BrainCenterNC_IPL Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL] IPS=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS] IT=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT] LPC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]) MI=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC] OCC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] SPL=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL] dPM=Dorsal Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.DPMC (see [BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex]) pre-SMA=[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC] vPM=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see [BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex]) unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0893608098000471-gr6.gif Primate Control of Grasping] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Reference] (CM.GRASPING-CONTROL) 46=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]) AIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP] BG=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] BTH=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA] F1=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC] F2=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2 Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F2] F4=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4 Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F4] F5=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5 Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F5] F6=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F6 Pre-Supplementary Motor Area,NMA.NC.SMC.F6] IT=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT] PIP=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see [BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS Intraparietal Sulcus]) S1=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] S2=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] VC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] VIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP] unavailable * [http://sni.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3520/SNI-3-40-g001.png Amygdala and its network] - see [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Reference] (CF.AM-NET) BLN=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.BP] CEA=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala]) EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) HTS=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] ITC=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE] LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala]) LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula]) MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) MPFC=[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OMPFC] NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] RMTG=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG] STC=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3 Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3] VGDM=[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN] VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0166223697010679-gr6.gif Parietal Association Cortex] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 Reference] (CP.VISUAL-PARIETAL-ASSOCIATION-CORTEX) 7a=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG] 7b=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF Rostral Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PF] AIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP] LGB=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] TE=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE] TEO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO] V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3A=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3d=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3v=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V5=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT] V5A=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT] V6=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO] VIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP] cIPS=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see [BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS Intraparietal Sulcus]) unavailable * [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Reference] (CP.PRIMARY-VISUAL-FORWARD-FLOWS) 7a=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] MST=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST] MT=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT] PO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] TE=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE] TEO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO] V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) VIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP] unavailable = References = (generated) * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html * http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Inferior_temporal_cortex * article:Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 * http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 * http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html