#summary Lateral Geniculate Nucleus @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaNSA] -> [BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN] ---- This page covers biological details of component Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Forebrain Diencephalon -> Thalamus (FD.TH) -> [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus] (FD.TH.SR) -> [BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus] (NSA.FD.LGN) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: nucleus * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaNSA Neocortical Brain - Sensory Aggregation Area] (NSA) * *Area circuit*: Vision Primary Perception (VIN) * *Role*: thalamic.sensory.primary * *Function*: Temporal decorrelation * *Notes to function*: * Only 10% of inputs to LGN come from the retina. 90% are modulatory inputs from cortex and the brainstem (generated) = Components = (generated) *Component items*: * *Dorsolateral Geniculate Body* * *Intergeniculate Leaflet of Lateral Geniculate Complex* * *Ventrolateral Geniculate Body* = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NSA.FD.LGN.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD FEC.HT.TG.IPD] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || modulatory-ach || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaLMC LMC] || [BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN LMC.HT.TG.PPN] || Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> LGN)] || || [BrainAreaLPC LPC] || [BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT LPC.FD.RT] || Retinal Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> LGN)] || || [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PON LRC.MM.PT.PON] || Pretectal Olivary Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP LRC.MM.SC.SUP] || Superficial Superior Colliculus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (SCs -> LGN, abstract)] || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT LRC.MM.PT.NOT] || Nucleus of Optic Tract || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaNSA NSA] || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 NSA.NC.OCC.V1] || Primary Visual Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (LGN -> pLGN)] || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg Thalamocortical relationships] - see [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Reference] (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS) A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) CM=[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM] LD=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LP=[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP] MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) MGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB] P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus]) VA=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA] VL=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL] VPL=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL] VPM=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM] pA=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG] pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area]) pLGN=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] pLP=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL] pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC pMGN=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1 Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1] pP=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS] pVA=[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC] pVL=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC] pVPL=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] pVPM=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC] s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) s1MD=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP] s1P=[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV] s1VL=[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN] s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus]) s2MD=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR] s2P=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR] s2VL=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) sLD=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL] sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) sVA=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see [BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH Posterior/Dorsal Horn]) sVPM=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL] unavailable * [http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/Fig12.GIF Visual perception abstraction] - see [http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/nat_intel.shtml Reference] (CP.VISUAL-PERCEPTION-ABSTRACTION) FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see [BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex]) IT=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] OCC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] Prestriate=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus]) Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0166223697010679-gr6.gif Parietal Association Cortex] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 Reference] (CP.VISUAL-PARIETAL-ASSOCIATION-CORTEX) 7a=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG] 7b=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF Rostral Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PF] AIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP] LGB=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] TE=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE] TEO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO] V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3A=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3d=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3v=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V5=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT] V5A=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT] V6=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO] VIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP] cIPS=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see [BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS Intraparietal Sulcus]) unavailable * [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3b.jpg Functional View of Visual Perception] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Reference] (CP.VISUAL-FUNCTIONAL-VIEW) LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] PG=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS] TE=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT] V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V5=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT] unavailable * [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056.fig.001.jpg Visual Dorsal Pathway] - see [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 Reference] (CP.VISUAL-DORSAL-PATHWAY) IPL=[BrainCenterNC_IPL Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL] IT=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] MST=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SPL=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL] V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V5=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT] V6=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO] unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0006899301025987-gr1.gif Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987 Reference] (CP.VISION-SACCADES) Bechterew=[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus,LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG] CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex]) FEFSEF=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT LGB=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (see [BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation]) PrimaryVisual=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] RIP=[BrainRegionLRC_MM_RP_RIP Raphe Interpositus Nucleus,LRC.MM.RP.RIP] SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) Vestibular=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_SVBN Superior Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.SVBN] VisualAssociation=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG] unavailable * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/vision-subcortical.jpg Vision Components] - see [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Reference] (CP.VISION-COMPONENTS) CG=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_CLG Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG] EWN=[BrainRegionLAC_MM_EWN Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN] EYE=[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] OCN=[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN] RT=[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_RT Retinal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.RT] SOA=Supraoculomotor Area,VBA.MM.SOA (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) STN=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR] VAC=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see [BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS Intraparietal Sulcus]) VC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg Saccadic Vision] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Reference] (CP.SACCADIC-VISION) BG=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex]) FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SNpr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area]) Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mjoruMnWeaU/TVp_YcF7meI/AAAAAAAAAsQ/8oZIVJrZVnw/s1600/Gray722.png Retina and superior colliculus targets] - see [http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html Reference] (CP.RETINA-SUPERIOR-COLLICULUS) Abducens=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_ABD Abducens Nucleus,LPC.HT.ABD] LGB=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] OCC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] Oculomotor=[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN] Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus]) Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) Trochlear=[BrainRegionLPC_MM_TRH Trochlear Nucleus,LPC.MM.TRH] unavailable * [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision_files/image022.jpg Targets of retina neurons] - see [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Reference] (CP.RETINA-OUTPUTS) HT=[BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus,FD.HT] LGB=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] Pretectum=Pretectum,MM.PT (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) unavailable * [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Reference] (CP.PRIMARY-VISUAL-FORWARD-FLOWS) 7a=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] MST=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST] MT=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT] PO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] TE=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE] TEO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO] V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) VIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP] unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference] (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM) ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) BGA=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] OPN=[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN] ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus]) RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SNc=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT] SNr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see [BrainCenterSC_VH Anterior/Ventral Horn]) Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0387760401003308-gr2.jpg Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Reference] (CP.GENICULATE-PATHS) LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] PPN=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN] RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) VC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable = References = (generated) * http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ * http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/nat_intel.shtml * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 * http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html * http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987 * http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html * http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html * http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308