#summary Caudal Precuneus
@@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaNPE] -> [BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG]
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This page covers biological details of component Caudal Precuneus.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

  * *Top-down path to region*: Cerebral Cortex -> Parietal Lobe (NC.LOBE.PAR) -> [BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule] (NC.SPL) -> [BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus] (NPE.NC.SPL.PG) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps])
  * *Type*: cortex
  * *Quality*: L0
  * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaNPE Neocortical Brain - Unimodal Execution Area] (NPE)
  * *Area circuit*: Subcortical Execution Control (SEC)
  * *Brodmann ID*: 07
  * *Role*: cortex.generic
  * *Function*: Controlling spatially guided behavior with respect to visual and tactile information
  * *Notes to function*: 
   * caudal, 7A=PG+Opt
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


  * no child items defined

= Connectivity =
(generated)


http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NPE.NC.SPL.PG.dot.png

*Inbound Region Connections:*

|| *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaNCP NCP] || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 NCP.NC.PG.S1] || Primary Somatosensory Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html McNaughton Spatial Processing Network (SomSensCortex -> PosteriorParietalCortex)] ||
|| [BrainAreaNPE NPE] || [BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP NPE.FD.TH.LP] || Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (LP -> pLP, abstract)] ||
||  || [BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST NPE.NC.IPL.MST] || Medial Superior Temporal Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a)] ||
||  || [BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] || Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (LIP -> 7a)] ||
||  || [BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_MIP NPE.NC.IPS.MIP] || Medial Intraparietal Sulcus || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> SPL, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainAreaNSA NSA] || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP NSA.NC.IPS.VIP] || Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (VIP -> 7a)] ||
||  || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT NSA.NC.OCC.MT] || Middle Temporal Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 Parietal Association Cortex (V5A -> 7a)] ||
||  || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO NSA.NC.OCC.PO] || Parietooccipital Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 Parietal Association Cortex (V6 -> 7a)] ||

*Outbound Region Connections:*

|| *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaNCP NCP] || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC NCP.NC.MPL.RSC] || Retrosplenial Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html McNaughton Spatial Processing Network (PosteriorParietalCortex -> PCGRSP, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainAreaNMA NMA] || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2 NMA.NC.PMC.F2] || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainAreaNPE NPE] || [BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_OPV NPE.FD.TH.OPV] || Oral Pulvinar || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionNPE_NC_SMC_SEF NPE.NC.SMC.SEF] || Supplementary Eye Field || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://thebrainlabs.com/brain.shtml Movement Planning (PPC -> SMC, abstract)] ||

= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)

  * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/images/nrn726-f3.jpg McNaughton Spatial Processing Network] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html Reference] (CP.VISUAL-SPATIAL-PROCESSING)

 EnthCortex=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex])
 HF=[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF]
 ITCortex=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]
 PCGRSP=[BrainCenterNC_MPL Medial Parietal Lobule,NC.MPL]
 ParInsVestCortex=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]
 PosteriorParietalCortex=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG]
 SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
 SomSensCortex=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]
 VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]
<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/images/nrn726-f3.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

  * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference] (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)

 ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus])
 BGA=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]
 FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]
 OPN=[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN]
 ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
 Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus])
 RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]
 Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]
 SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon])
 SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon])
 SNc=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]
 SNr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]
 SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see [BrainCenterSC_VH Anterior/Ventral Horn])
 Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
 VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]
<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

  * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/visual-streams.jpg 3 Visual Cortex Paths] - see [article:Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf Reference] (CP.BASE-VISUAL-CORTEX-FLOWS)

 IPL=[BrainCenterNC_IPL Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]
 IPS=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS]
 IT=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]
 LPC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex])
 MI=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]
 OCC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]
 SPL=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]
 dPM=Dorsal Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.DPMC (see [BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex])
 pre-SMA=[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]
 vPM=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see [BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex])
<img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/visual-streams.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

  * [http://thebrainlabs.com/Images/primary_motor_cortex.gif Movement Planning] - see [http://thebrainlabs.com/brain.shtml Reference] (CM.MOVEMENT-PLANNING)

 PPC=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]
 SMC=[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]
<img src="http://thebrainlabs.com/Images/primary_motor_cortex.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

  * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0166223697010679-gr6.gif Parietal Association Cortex] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 Reference] (CP.VISUAL-PARIETAL-ASSOCIATION-CORTEX)

 7a=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG]
 7b=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF Rostral Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PF]
 AIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP]
 LGB=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]
 LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]
 TE=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE]
 TEO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO]
 V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]
 V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe])
 V3A=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe])
 V3d=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe])
 V3v=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe])
 V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe])
 V5=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT]
 V5A=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT]
 V6=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO]
 VIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]
 cIPS=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see [BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS Intraparietal Sulcus])
<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0166223697010679-gr6.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

  * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0006899301025987-gr1.gif Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987 Reference] (CP.VISION-SACCADES)

 Bechterew=[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus,LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]
 CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex])
 FEFSEF=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 LGB=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]
 PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (see [BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation])
 PrimaryVisual=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]
 RIP=[BrainRegionLRC_MM_RP_RIP Raphe Interpositus Nucleus,LRC.MM.RP.RIP]
 SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon])
 Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
 Vestibular=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_SVBN Superior Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.SVBN]
 VisualAssociation=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG]
<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0006899301025987-gr1.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

  * [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Reference] (CP.PRIMARY-VISUAL-FORWARD-FLOWS)

 7a=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG]
 LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]
 LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]
 MST=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST]
 MT=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT]
 PO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO]
 Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]
 TE=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE]
 TEO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO]
 V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]
 V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe])
 V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe])
 V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe])
 VIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]
<img src="http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


= References =
(generated)

  * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html
  * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566
  * article:Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf
  * http://thebrainlabs.com/brain.shtml
  * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679
  * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987
  * http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html