#summary Ventral Anterior Nucleus @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaNMA] -> [BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA] ---- This page covers biological details of component Ventral Anterior Nucleus. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Forebrain Diencephalon -> Thalamus (FD.TH) -> [BrainCenterFD_TH_MR Motor Thalamus] (FD.TH.MR) -> Ventral Thalamus (FD.TH.VTH) -> [BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus] (NMA.FD.TH.VA) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: nucleus * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaNMA Neocortical Brain - Motor Aggregation Area] (NMA) * *Area circuit*: Extensor Motor (XTM) * *Role*: thalamic.cortex.reinforce * *Function*: Relay BGA.SN, BGA.GPI, FCA.OMPFC, FCA.CG to MCA.PMC, MCA.SMC * *Notes to function*: * Cognitive motor (generated) = Components = (generated) *Component items*: * *Magnocellular Part of Ventral Anterior Nucleus* * *Parvicellular Part of Ventral Anterior Nucleus* = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NMA.FD.TH.VA.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DS FEC.FT.GPI.DS] || Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||[http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_MED FEC.FT.GPI.MED] || Globus Pallidus Internal Medial || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||[http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL FEC.FT.SNR.DL] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||[http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT LRC.MM.SC.INT] || Intermediate Superior Colliculus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (SCi -> Thalamus, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaNDM NDM] || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL] || Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (LPFC -> TH, abstract)] || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaNMA NMA] || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2 NMA.NC.PMC.F2] || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (TH -> PMC, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5 NMA.NC.PMC.F5] || Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Primate Control of Grasping (BTH -> F5)] || || || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F3 NMA.NC.SMC.F3] || Supplementary Motor Area || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (VA -> pVA, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F6 NMA.NC.SMC.F6] || Pre-Supplementary Motor Area || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Primate Control of Grasping (BTH -> F6)] || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg Saccadic Vision] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Reference] (CP.SACCADIC-VISION) BG=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex]) FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SNpr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area]) Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/motor_top.jpg Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior] - see [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Reference] (CM.PFC-MOTOR) CN.PU=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) CR=[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC] GP=Globus Pallidus,FEC.FT.GP (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]) MC=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC] PMC=[BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC] PN=Pontine Nuclear Complex,HT.PN (see [BrainCenterHT_SN Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei]) SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) TH=Ventral Thalamus,FD.TH.VTH (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_MR Motor Thalamus]) unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0893608098000471-gr6.gif Primate Control of Grasping] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Reference] (CM.GRASPING-CONTROL) 46=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]) AIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP] BG=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] BTH=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA] F1=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC] F2=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2 Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F2] F4=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4 Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F4] F5=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5 Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F5] F6=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F6 Pre-Supplementary Motor Area,NMA.NC.SMC.F6] IT=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT] PIP=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see [BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS Intraparietal Sulcus]) S1=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] S2=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] VC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] VIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP] unavailable * [http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg Thalamocortical relationships] - see [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Reference] (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS) A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) CM=[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM] LD=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LP=[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP] MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) MGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB] P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus]) VA=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA] VL=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL] VPL=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL] VPM=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM] pA=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG] pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area]) pLGN=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] pLP=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL] pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC pMGN=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1 Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1] pP=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS] pVA=[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC] pVL=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC] pVPL=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] pVPM=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC] s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) s1MD=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP] s1P=[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV] s1VL=[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN] s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus]) s2MD=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR] s2P=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR] s2VL=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) sLD=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL] sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) sVA=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see [BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH Posterior/Dorsal Horn]) sVPM=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL] unavailable * [http://www.mdvu.org/images/par_path2.jpg Normal Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia] - see [http://www.mdvu.org/library/disease/pd/par_path.asp Reference] (CM.NORMAL-BG-ANATOMY) GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) SNc=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT] SNr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area]) VA=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA] VL=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL] unavailable = References = (generated) * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html * https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 * http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ * http://www.mdvu.org/library/disease/pd/par_path.asp