#summary Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaNDM] -> [BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV] ---- This page covers biological details of component Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Forebrain Diencephalon -> Thalamus (FD.TH) -> [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus] (FD.TH.CR) -> Intralaminar and Midline Nuclei of Thalamus (FD.TH.IML) -> Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MTH) -> Dorsal Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MDT) -> [BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus] (NDM.FD.TH.PV) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: nucleus * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaNDM Neocortical Brain - Decision Making Area] (NDM) * *Area circuit*: Motivatory Associations (MAS) * *Role*: processor.affective * *Function*: Direct behavior toward a particular outcome over a range of outcomes * *Notes to function*: * Projects like PT, but more to BNST, AM (generated) = Components = (generated) * no child items defined = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NDM.FD.TH.PV.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_LAVM FAM.FT.AM.LAVM] || Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Oculomotor decision-making (AMYG -> Thalamus, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT FAM.FT.SEP.LT] || Lateral Septal Nucleus || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaLMC LMC] || [BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || modulatory-enk || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN LMC.MM.RP.DRN] || Dorsal Raphe Nucleus || modulatory-5ht || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST FAM.FT.BNST] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE FEC.FT.ACC.CORE] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaFMM FMM] || [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC FMM.NC.PH.LEC] || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> EC, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER FMM.NC.PH.PER] || Perirhinal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> Perirhinal, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO LAC.FD.HT.MPO] || Median Preoptic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN LAC.FD.HT.SCN] || Suprachiasmatic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaNDM NDM] || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS] || Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC] || Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)] || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.large.jpg Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory] - see [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html Reference] (CT.RECOGNITION-MEMORY) AD=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD] AM=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM Anteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.AM] AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) AV=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV] CM=[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM] DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]) EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) LD=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD] MB=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB] MDmc=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) MID=Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus,FD.TH.MTH (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) Parasub=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PAS Parasubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PAS] Perirhinal=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER] PostCingulate=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG] Presub=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PRS Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS] Sub=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) SubPrePara=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) mPULV=[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV Medial Pulvinar,NPE.FD.TH.MPV] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg Saccadic Vision] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Reference] (CP.SACCADIC-VISION) BG=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex]) FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SNpr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area]) Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION) ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area]) AM=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM] HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus]) HT.PV=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] INS=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS] LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC] MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB] PUT=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE] SOL=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL] TH=Thalamus,FD.TH unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0149763415002055-gr1.jpg Dorsal midline thalamus] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763415002055 Reference] (CT.TH-PTPV) PT=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_TH_PT Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus,FAM.FD.TH.PT] PVT=[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus,NDM.FD.TH.PV] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/images/npp2009104f10.jpg Medial prefrontal network] - see [http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/fig_tab/npp2009104f10.html Reference] (CF.DEFAULT-SYSTEM) BNST=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis,FAM.FT.BNST] MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) PCG=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG] PH=Parahippocampal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PH RSP=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC] RostralCtx=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_TPC Temporopolar Cortex,NCP.NC.TPC] TH.MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) TH.PV=[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus,NDM.FD.TH.PV] VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) unavailable = References = (generated) * http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html * http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763415002055 * http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/fig_tab/npp2009104f10.html