#summary Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaNCP] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM] ---- This page covers biological details of component Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Forebrain Diencephalon -> Thalamus (FD.TH) -> [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus] (FD.TH.SR) -> Ventral Posterior Nuclei (NSA.FD.TH.VP) -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus] (NCP.FD.TH.VPM) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: nucleus * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaNCP Neocortical Brain - Conscious Personality Area] (NCP) * *Area circuit*: Body Senses Relay (CBS) * *Role*: thalamic.sensory.primary * *Function*: Relays somatic information from face to S1 (generated) = Components = (generated) *Component items*: * *Parvicellular Part of Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus* * *Principal Part of Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus* = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NCP.FD.TH.VPM.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaLPC LPC] || [BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL LPC.HL.SOL] || Solitary Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (sVPM -> VPM)] || || || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR LPC.HT.PN.PTR] || Principal Trigeminal Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Trigeminal+Nucleilang=1 Trigeminal Nuclei (CSN -> VPM)] || || || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB] || Parabrachial Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (PB -> VPMpc)] || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaNCP NCP] || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC NCP.NC.INS.PIC] || Posterior Insular Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> INS, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 NCP.NC.PG.S1] || Primary Somatosensory Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://users.atw.hu/blp6/BLP6/HTML/C0079780323045827.htm Pain matrix (TH.VPM -> S1)] || || || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2 NCP.NC.PG.S2] || Secondary Somatosensory Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Afferent pain pathways (Thalamus -> S2, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC NCP.NC.PO.PCC] || Precentral Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (VPM -> pVPM)] || || [BrainAreaNPE NPE] || [BrainRegionNPE_NC_STG_PAI NPE.NC.STG.PAI] || Parainsular Area || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg Thalamocortical relationships] - see [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Reference] (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS) A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) CM=[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM] LD=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LP=[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP] MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) MGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB] P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus]) VA=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA] VL=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL] VPL=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL] VPM=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM] pA=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG] pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area]) pLGN=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] pLP=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL] pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC pMGN=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1 Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1] pP=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS] pVA=[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC] pVL=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC] pVPL=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] pVPM=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC] s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) s1MD=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP] s1P=[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV] s1VL=[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN] s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus]) s2MD=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR] s2P=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR] s2VL=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) sLD=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL] sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) sVA=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see [BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH Posterior/Dorsal Horn]) sVPM=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL] unavailable * [http://users.atw.hu/blp6/BLP6/HTML/common/M9780323045827-007-f005.jpg Pain matrix] - see [http://users.atw.hu/blp6/BLP6/HTML/C0079780323045827.htm Reference] (CF.SOMATOSENSORY-THALAMUS) INS=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC] S1=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] TH.VPI=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI] TH.VPL=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL] TH.VPM=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/images/nrn3516-f2.jpg Afferent pain pathways] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Reference] (CF.PAIN-PATH) ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area]) AMY=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM] BG=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] Cerebellum=[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC] Insula=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS] PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB] PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC S1=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] S2=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2 Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2] SC=[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH] Thalamus=[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR] unavailable * [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION) ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area]) AM=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM] HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus]) HT.PV=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] INS=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS] LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC] MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB] PUT=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE] SOL=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL] TH=Thalamus,FD.TH unavailable * [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/figures/Figure_16_files/image002.jpg Trigeminal Nuclei] - see [http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Trigeminal+Nucleilang=1 Reference] (CP.TRIGEMINAL-NUCLEI) CSN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR] EYE=[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE] STR=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR] VPM=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM] unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0149763401000215-gr4a.gif Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Reference] (CP.GUSTATORY-OLFACTORY) EnP=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF] Gud=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS] Gug=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS] HF=[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF] IadIap=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS] Iav=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS] NST=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL] PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB] PiR=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR] PrC=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER] VPMpc=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM] unavailable = References = (generated) * http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ * http://users.atw.hu/blp6/BLP6/HTML/C0079780323045827.htm * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html * http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp * http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Trigeminal+Nucleilang=1 * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215