#summary Parabrachial Nucleus
@@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaLPC] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB]
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This page covers biological details of component Parabrachial Nucleus.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.
* *Top-down path to region*: Hindbrain Metencephalon -> [BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation] (HT.RF) -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Lateral Column (HT.RF.LAT) -> [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus] (LPC.HT.PRF.PB) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps])
* *Type*: nucleus
* *Quality*: L0
* *Brain area*: [BrainAreaLPC Lower Brain - Peripheral Control Area] (LPC)
* *Area circuit*: Pain Sensations (SP)
* *Role*: processor.affective
* *Function*: Source of short-latency nociceptive input; sense of physiological condition of body well-being or interoception
* *Notes to function*:
* major relay site for visceral afferents ascending through ventrobasal thalamus and terminating in insular cortex
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)
*Component items*:
* *Subbrachial Nucleus*
* *Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus*
* *External Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus*
* *Medial Parabrachial Nucleus*
= Connectivity =
(generated)
http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LPC.HT.PRF.PB.dot.png
*Inbound Region Connections:*
|| *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_IPAC_MED FAM.FT.IPAC.MED] || Medial Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaLPC LPC] || [BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL LPC.HL.SOL] || Solitary Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (SOL -> PB)] ||
|| [BrainAreaNCP NCP] || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG NCP.NC.AL.SGCG] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)] ||
*Outbound Region Connections:*
|| *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEL FAM.FT.AM.CEL] || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (PB -> AM, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (PBN -> NAc, abstract)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT FEC.FT.PU.LT] || Dorsal Putamen Lateral || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (PBN -> DS, abstract)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED FEC.FT.PU.MED] || Dorsal Putamen Medial || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (PBN -> DS, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM LAC.FD.HT.DM] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (PBN -> DMH)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN LAC.HL.VGN] || Vagus Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (PBN -> DVM)] ||
|| [BrainAreaNCP NCP] || [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI NCP.FD.TH.VPI] || Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
|| || [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM NCP.FD.TH.VPM] || Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (PB -> VPMpc)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC NCP.NC.INS.PIC] || Posterior Insular Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (PB -> Gud, abstract)] ||
= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0149763401000215-gr4a.gif Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Reference] (CP.GUSTATORY-OLFACTORY)
EnP=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF]
Gud=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
Gug=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
HF=[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF]
IadIap=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
Iav=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
NST=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
PiR=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR]
PrC=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER]
VPMpc=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]
* [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.large.jpg Food-entrainable circadian oscillator] - see [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Reference] (CP.FOOD-OCSILLATOR)
DMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]
LH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]
NTS=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
PBN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
PVH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
SCN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]
* [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/images/nrendo.2010.93-f1.jpg Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Reference] (CP.BOWELS)
AMY=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]
ARC=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR]
DS=Dorsal Striatum,FEC.FT.DST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
LHA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]
ME=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]
NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
NTS=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex])
PBN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
VMN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM]
VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]
* [http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract] - see [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference] (CM.ONUF)
CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
DVM=[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN]
IMG=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_IMG Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG]
IML=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]
LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex])
MPOA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO]
NBM=[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM]
ONF=[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF]
PBN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
PEL=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PPG Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG]
PU=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT]
PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
SNC=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]
SPS=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_SPS Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS]
VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]
ZI=[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI]
* [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION)
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area])
AM=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus])
HT.PV=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
INS=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex])
PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
PUT=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]
SOL=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/images/nrn3516-f2.jpg Afferent pain pathways] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Reference] (CF.PAIN-PATH)
ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area])
AMY=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]
BG=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]
Cerebellum=[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC]
Insula=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
S1=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]
S2=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2 Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2]
SC=[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH]
Thalamus=[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR]
= References =
(generated)
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215
* http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html
* http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html
* http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html