#summary Solitary Nucleus
@@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaLPC] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL]
----

This page covers biological details of component Solitary Nucleus.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

  * *Top-down path to region*: Hindbrain Myelencephalon -> [BrainCenterHL_SN Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei] (HL.SN) -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus] (LPC.HL.SOL) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps])
  * *Type*: nucleus
  * *Quality*: L0
  * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaLPC Lower Brain - Peripheral Control Area] (LPC)
  * *Area circuit*: Taste Senses (STS)
  * *Role*: sensory.nucleus
  * *Function*: Carry taste buds, thoracic and abdominal viscera
  * *Notes to function*: 
   * c.n. VII, IX, X
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


*Component items*:
  * *Caudal Nucleus Tractus Solitarius*
  * *Medial Nucleus Tractus Solitarius*
  * *Medial Part of Nucleus of Solitary Tract*
  * *Medial Subnucleus of Solitary Tract*
  * *Rostral Nucleus of Solitary Tract*

= Connectivity =
(generated)


http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LPC.HL.SOL.dot.png

*Inbound Region Connections:*

|| *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEL FAM.FT.AM.CEL] || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_IPAC_MED FAM.FT.IPAC.MED] || Medial Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM LAC.FD.HT.VM] || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VMN -> NTS)] ||
|| [BrainAreaLPC LPC] || [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_GNG LPC.PN.SG.GNG] || Geniculate Ganglion || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_JUG LPC.PN.SG.JUG] || Jugular Ganglion || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_NOD LPC.PN.SG.NOD] || Nodose Ganglion || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_PET LPC.PN.SG.PET] || Petrosal Ganglion || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||

*Outbound Region Connections:*

|| *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (NTS -> NAc, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM LAC.FD.HT.DM] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (NTS -> DMH)] ||
||  || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN LAC.FD.HT.LTN] || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (NTS -> LHA)] ||
||  || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV LAC.FD.HT.PV] || Paraventricular Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SO LAC.FD.HT.SO] || Supraoptic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaLMC LMC] || [BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA] || Ventral Tegmental Area || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (NTS -> VTA)] ||
|| [BrainAreaLPC LPC] || [BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB LPC.HL.AMB] || Ambiguus Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB] || Parabrachial Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (SOL -> PB)] ||
|| [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_HL_RA LRC.HL.RA] || Retroambigualis Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
||  || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_KFN LRC.HT.KFN] || Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaNCP NCP] || [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL NCP.FD.TH.VPL] || Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (SOL -> TH, abstract)] ||
||  || [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM NCP.FD.TH.VPM] || Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (sVPM -> VPM)] ||

= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)

  * [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/images/dougherty/pdougherty4_3.jpg Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety] - see [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html Reference] (CP.SATIETY)

 ARC=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR]
 DMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]
 LHA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]
 NTS=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
 PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
 VMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM]
<img src="http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/images/dougherty/pdougherty4_3.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

  * [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.large.jpg Food-entrainable circadian oscillator] - see [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Reference] (CP.FOOD-OCSILLATOR)

 DMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]
 LH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]
 NTS=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
 PBN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
 PVH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
 SCN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]
<img src="http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.large.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=300>

  * [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/images/nrendo.2010.93-f1.jpg Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Reference] (CP.BOWELS)

 AMY=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]
 ARC=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR]
 DS=Dorsal Striatum,FEC.FT.DST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
 LHA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]
 ME=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]
 NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
 NTS=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
 OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex])
 PBN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
 PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
 VMN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM]
 VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]
<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/images/nrendo.2010.93-f1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

  * [http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg Thalamocortical relationships] - see [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Reference] (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS)

 A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus])
 CM=[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM]
 LD=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]
 LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]
 LP=[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP]
 MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus])
 MGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]
 P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus])
 VA=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]
 VL=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL]
 VPL=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]
 VPM=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]
 pA=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]
 pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
 pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area])
 pLGN=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]
 pLP=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]
 pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 pMGN=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1 Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]
 pP=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
 pVA=[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]
 pVL=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]
 pVPL=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]
 pVPM=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC]
 s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
 s1MD=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]
 s1P=[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]
 s1VL=[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]
 s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus])
 s2MD=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR]
 s2P=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]
 s2VL=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]
 s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
 sLD=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]
 sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon])
 sVA=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]
 sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see [BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH Posterior/Dorsal Horn])
 sVPM=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400 width=400>

  * [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION)

 ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area])
 AM=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]
 HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
 HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus])
 HT.PV=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
 INS=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
 LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]
 MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex])
 PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
 PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
 PUT=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]
 SOL=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
 TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
<img src="http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

  * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0149763401000215-gr4a.gif Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Reference] (CP.GUSTATORY-OLFACTORY)

 EnP=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF]
 Gud=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
 Gug=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
 HF=[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF]
 IadIap=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
 Iav=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
 NST=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
 PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
 PiR=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR]
 PrC=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER]
 VPMpc=[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]
<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0149763401000215-gr4a.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


= References =
(generated)

  * http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html
  * http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html
  * http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html
  * http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/
  * http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
  * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215