#summary Retinal Nucleus @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaLPC] -> [BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT] ---- This page covers biological details of component Retinal Nucleus. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Forebrain Diencephalon -> [BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus] (LPC.FD.RT) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: nucleus * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaLPC Lower Brain - Peripheral Control Area] (LPC) * *Area circuit*: Vision Sensory (AVS) * *Role*: sensory.nucleus * *Function*: Spatial decorrelation through center surround inhibition * *Notes to function*: * 100:1 cones/rods to ganglion cells aggregation, edge extraction * inner nuclear layer (5) and ganglion cell layer (3) (generated) = Components = (generated) * no child items defined = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LPC.FD.RT.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaLPC LPC] || [BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_RT LPC.PN.SG.RT] || Retinal Ganglion || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://education.med.nyu.edu/Histology/courseware/modules/eye-and-ear/eye-and-ear21.html Retinal layers (INNER -> GANGLION)] || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN LAC.FD.HT.SCN] || Suprachiasmatic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (RET -> SCN)] || || [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT LRC.MM.PT.NOT] || Nucleus of Optic Tract || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PON LRC.MM.PT.PON] || Pretectal Olivary Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (RET -> OPN)] || || || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_SL LRC.MM.PT.SL] || Sublentiform Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP LRC.MM.SC.SUP] || Superficial Superior Colliculus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> SC, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaNPE NPE] || [BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV NPE.FD.TH.MPV] || Medial Pulvinar || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html Retina and superior colliculus targets (Retina -> Pulvinar, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaNSA NSA] || [BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN NSA.FD.LGN] || Lateral Geniculate Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> LGN)] || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mjoruMnWeaU/TVp_YcF7meI/AAAAAAAAAsQ/8oZIVJrZVnw/s1600/Gray722.png Retina and superior colliculus targets] - see [http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html Reference] (CP.RETINA-SUPERIOR-COLLICULUS) Abducens=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_ABD Abducens Nucleus,LPC.HT.ABD] LGB=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] OCC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] Oculomotor=[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN] Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus]) Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) Trochlear=[BrainRegionLPC_MM_TRH Trochlear Nucleus,LPC.MM.TRH] unavailable * [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision_files/image022.jpg Targets of retina neurons] - see [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Reference] (CP.RETINA-OUTPUTS) HT=[BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus,FD.HT] LGB=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] Pretectum=Pretectum,MM.PT (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) unavailable * [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/31465/fnint-06-00094-r2/image_m/fnint-06-00094-g002.jpg Effect of light on pupil diameter] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Reference] (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX) DMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM] EW=[BrainRegionLAC_MM_EWN Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN] EYE=[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE] GC=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_CLG Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG] IML=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC] LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC] OPN=[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PON Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON] PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] RET=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SCG=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG] SCN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN] unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0387760401003308-gr2.jpg Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Reference] (CP.GENICULATE-PATHS) LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] PPN=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN] RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) VC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://education.med.nyu.edu/Histology/courseware/modules/eye-and-ear/images/eye-and-ear.21.jpeg Retinal layers] - see [http://education.med.nyu.edu/Histology/courseware/modules/eye-and-ear/eye-and-ear21.html Reference] (CX.EYE-RETINA) GANGLION=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] INNER=[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_RT Retinal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.RT] RODSCONES=[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE] unavailable * [http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/Fig12.GIF Visual perception abstraction] - see [http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/nat_intel.shtml Reference] (CP.VISUAL-PERCEPTION-ABSTRACTION) FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see [BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex]) IT=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] OCC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] Prestriate=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus]) Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) unavailable * [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056.fig.001.jpg Visual Dorsal Pathway] - see [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 Reference] (CP.VISUAL-DORSAL-PATHWAY) IPL=[BrainCenterNC_IPL Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL] IT=[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] MST=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SPL=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL] V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V5=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT] V6=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg Saccadic Vision] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Reference] (CP.SACCADIC-VISION) BG=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex]) FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SNpr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area]) Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Reference] (CP.PRIMARY-VISUAL-FORWARD-FLOWS) 7a=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG] LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] MST=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST] MT=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT] PO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] TE=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE] TEO=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO] V1=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1] V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe]) VIP=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP] unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference] (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM) ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) BGA=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] OPN=[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN] ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus]) RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SNc=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT] SNr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see [BrainCenterSC_VH Anterior/Ventral Horn]) Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/53700/53763/53763_eye_md.gif Eye muscles] - see [http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/53700/53763/53763_eye.htm Reference] (CP.EYE-MUSCLES) Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] unavailable * [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/CN_Musc_eye.jpg Eye muscle directions] - see [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/eyes.htm Reference] (CP.EYE-MUSCLE-DIRECTIONS) Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] unavailable * [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/Eye_Move_Terminol.jpg Eye movement terminology] - see [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/eyes.htm Reference] (CP.EYE-MOVEMENT-TERMINOLOGY) Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] unavailable = References = (generated) * http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html * http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm * http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 * http://education.med.nyu.edu/Histology/courseware/modules/eye-and-ear/eye-and-ear21.html * http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/nat_intel.shtml * http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html * http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 * http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/53700/53763/53763_eye.htm * http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/eyes.htm