#summary Periaqueductal Gray Matter
@@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaLMC] -> [BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG]
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This page covers biological details of component Periaqueductal Gray Matter.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.
* *Top-down path to region*: Midbrain Mesencephalon -> [BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter] (LMC.MM.PAG) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps])
* *Type*: nucleus
* *Quality*: L0
* *Brain area*: [BrainAreaLMC Lower Brain - Modulatory Contol Area] (LMC)
* *Area circuit*: Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body (ENK)
* *Role*: processor.autonomic
* *Function*: Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour
* *Notes to function*:
* if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness is lost
* electrical stimulation of the PAG results in immediate and profound analgesia
* modulatory nucleus
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)
* no child items defined
= Connectivity =
(generated)
http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC.MM.PAG.dot.png
*Inbound Region Connections:*
|| *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM FAM.FT.AM.CEM] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD FEC.HT.TG.IPD] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || modulatory-ach || uncertain ||[http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> PAG)] ||
|| [BrainAreaNCP NCP] || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG NCP.NC.AL.SGCG] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
*Outbound Region Connections:*
|| *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_HT_BR LAC.HT.BR] || Barrington's Nucleus || modulatory-enk || uncertain || [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)] ||
|| [BrainAreaLLC LLC] || [BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF LLC.FD.TH.SF] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || modulatory-enk || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaLMC LMC] || [BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG LMC.HL.RP.MG] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || modulatory-enk || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL LMC.HL.RP.PL] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || modulatory-enk || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainAreaLPC LPC] || [BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB LPC.HL.AMB] || Ambiguus Nucleus || modulatory-enk || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_HL_RA LRC.HL.RA] || Retroambigualis Nucleus || modulatory-enk || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
|| || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_NSC LRC.HT.NSC] || Nucleus Subceruleus || modulatory-enk || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaNDM NDM] || [BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV NDM.FD.TH.PV] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || modulatory-enk || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)
* [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.large.jpg Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway] - see [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html Reference] (CM.BARRINGTON)
BAR=[BrainRegionLAC_HT_BR Barrington's Nucleus,LAC.HT.BR]
IMG=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_IMG Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG]
IML=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]
ONF=[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF]
PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
PEL=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PPG Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG]
SPS=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_SPS Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS]
* [http://d2avczb82rh8fa.cloudfront.net/content/jn/107/10/2633/F1.large.jpg Connectivity map of the habenula] - see [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Reference] (CF.HB-CONN)
CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
EP=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF]
Hippo=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
IPN=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]
L=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula])
LH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]
M=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]
NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [BrainCenterHL_RF Medullary Reticular Formation])
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
Septum=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]
VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]
* [http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.medium.gif Spine induction on short primary dendrites in the ventrolateral VMH] - see [http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.expansion Reference] (CL.VMH-PAG)
PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
VMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM]
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/images/nrn3516-f2.jpg Afferent pain pathways] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Reference] (CF.PAIN-PATH)
ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area])
AMY=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]
BG=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]
Cerebellum=[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC]
Insula=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
S1=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]
S2=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2 Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2]
SC=[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH]
Thalamus=[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR]
* [http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg Pain matrix] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0 Reference] (CF.PAIN-MATRIX)
ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area])
AM=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]
INS=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex])
PPC=[BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]
S1=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]
SMA=[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]
TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
* [http://sni.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3520/SNI-3-40-g001.png Amygdala and its network] - see [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Reference] (CF.AM-NET)
BLN=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.BP]
CEA=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala])
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex])
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
HTS=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]
ITC=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE]
LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala])
LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula])
MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus])
MPFC=[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OMPFC]
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
RMTG=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]
STC=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3 Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]
VGDM=[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN]
VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]
* [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION)
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area])
AM=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus])
HT.PV=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
INS=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex])
PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
PUT=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]
SOL=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
= References =
(generated)
* http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html
* http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633
* http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.expansion
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0
* http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp