#summary Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei
@@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaLMC] -> [BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN]
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This page covers biological details of component Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.
* *Top-down path to region*: Hindbrain Metencephalon -> [BrainCenterHT_TG Pontine Tegmental Nuclei] (HT.TG) -> [BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei] (LMC.HT.TG.PPN) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps])
* *Type*: nucleus
* *Quality*: L0
* *Brain area*: [BrainAreaLMC Lower Brain - Modulatory Contol Area] (LMC)
* *Area circuit*: Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward (ACH)
* *Role*: processor.autonomic
* *Function*: Provide sensory feedback to cerebral cortex; modulatory
* *Notes to function*:
* contains Rostral (Pars dissipata, anterior, dissipated subnucleus, GABA), Caudal (Pars compacta, anterior, compact subnucleus, ACh)
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)
*Component items*:
* *Entopeduncular Nucleus*
* *Peripeduncular Nucleus*
= Connectivity =
(generated)
http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC.HT.TG.PPN.dot.png
*Inbound Region Connections:*
|| *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM FEC.FT.VP.VM] || Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VPAL -> PPTG, abstract)] ||
*Outbound Region Connections:*
|| *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_MED FEC.FD.STN.MED] || Subthalamic Nucleus Medial || modulatory-ach || uncertain || [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> STN, abstract)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL FEC.FT.SNR.DL] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral || modulatory-ach || uncertain || [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> SNr, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT LRC.MM.SC.INT] || Intermediate Superior Colliculus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainAreaNSA NSA] || [BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN NSA.FD.LGN] || Lateral Geniculate Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> LGN)] ||
= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0387760401003308-gr2.jpg Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Reference] (CP.GENICULATE-PATHS)
LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]
PPN=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]
RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]
Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon])
VC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]
* [http://www.endurance-education.com/home/aragorn/www/endurance/htdocs/wp-content/uploads/Stephenson-Jones-2012-Fig-9-1024x489.png Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey] - see [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Reference] (CM.SN-PPN)
GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
PPN=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area])
* [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference] (CT.LONG-TERM-MEMORY-VTA)
ACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
DG=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG]
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex])
PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex])
PPTG=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]
SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]
* [http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/graphic/revneuro-2014-0004_fig1.jpg Serotonin regulation of subthalamic neurons] - see [http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/revneuro-2014-0004.xml Reference] (CM.SUBTHALAMUS)
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
PPN=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area])
= References =
(generated)
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308
* http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs
* http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
* http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/revneuro-2014-0004.xml