#summary Locus Coeruleus
@@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaLMC] -> [BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC]
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This page covers biological details of component Locus Coeruleus.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.
* *Top-down path to region*: Hindbrain Metencephalon -> [BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus] (LMC.HT.LC) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps])
* *Type*: nucleus
* *Quality*: L0
* *Brain area*: [BrainAreaLMC Lower Brain - Modulatory Contol Area] (LMC)
* *Area circuit*: Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response (NE)
* *Role*: processor.autonomic
* *Function*: Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli, arousal and autonomic activity
* *Notes to function*:
* NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio, suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral inhibition)
* inhibitory nucleus
* wakefulness-promoting nucleus, enhancement of alertness, increase in sympathetic activity and a decrease in parasympathetic activity, to all neocortex, medial septal area, medial preoptic area and substantia innominata, central and basal amygdala, dorsal thalamus
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)
* no child items defined
= Connectivity =
(generated)
http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC.HT.LC.dot.png
*Inbound Region Connections:*
|| *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM FAM.FT.AM.CEM] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST FAM.FT.BNST] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM LAC.FD.HT.DM] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (DMH -> LC)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM LAC.FD.HT.TBM] || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED LRC.HL.RF.MED] || Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaNDM NDM] || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG NDM.NC.AL.VACG] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) ||
*Outbound Region Connections:*
|| *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT FAM.FD.LHB.LT] || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || modulatory-ne || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED FAM.FD.LHB.MED] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || modulatory-ne || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB FAM.FD.MHB] || Medial Habenula || modulatory-ne || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> MHB)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB FAM.FT.SEP.DBB] || Diagonal Band of Broca || modulatory-ne || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED FEC.FT.SNC.MED] || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial || modulatory-ne || uncertain || (unknown reference) ||
|| || [BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD FEC.HT.TG.IPD] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || modulatory-ne || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> IPN)] ||
|| [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO LAC.FD.HT.VLPO] || Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus || modulatory-ne || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (LC -> VLPO)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC LAC.SC.IZ.CSC] || Ciliospinal Center || modulatory-ne || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (LC -> IML)] ||
|| || [BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML LAC.SC.IZ.IML] || Intermediolateral Nucleus || modulatory-ne || uncertain || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)] ||
= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)
* [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/31465/fnint-06-00094-r2/image_m/fnint-06-00094-g002.jpg Effect of light on pupil diameter] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Reference] (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX)
DMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]
EW=[BrainRegionLAC_MM_EWN Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN]
EYE=[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE]
GC=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_CLG Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG]
IML=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC]
LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]
OPN=[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PON Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON]
PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
RET=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]
SCG=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]
SCN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]
* [http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract] - see [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference] (CM.ONUF)
CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia])
DVM=[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN]
IMG=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_IMG Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG]
IML=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]
LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex])
MPOA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO]
NBM=[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM]
ONF=[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF]
PBN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
PEL=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PPG Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG]
PU=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT]
PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
SNC=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]
SPS=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_SPS Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS]
VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]
ZI=[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI]
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/images/nrn2849-f7.jpg Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Reference] (CF.HB-NICOTINE)
IPN=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]
LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]
LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula])
MHB=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]
* [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/images/nn913-F1.jpg Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Reference] (CL.TBM-PO)
LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]
LDTg=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT]
TMN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM Tuberomammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.TBM]
VLPO=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]
* [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION)
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area])
AM=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation])
HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus])
HT.PV=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]
INS=[BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex,NC.INS]
LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex])
PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]
PB=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]
PUT=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]
SOL=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]
TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
= References =
(generated)
* http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full
* http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html
* http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp