#summary Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaLAC] -> [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN] ---- This page covers biological details of component Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Forebrain Diencephalon -> [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus] (FD.HT) -> Lateral Hypothalamic Area (LAC.FD.HT.LT) -> [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: nucleus * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaLAC Lower Brain - Autonomous Control Area] (LAC) * *Area circuit*: Thirst and Hunger Control (LATH) * *Role*: processor.autonomic * *Function*: feeding center * *Notes to function*: * lesions - lack of appetite (generated) = Components = (generated) * no child items defined = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LAC.FD.HT.LTN.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP FAM.FT.AM.BP] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (BLN -> HTS)] || || || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM FAM.FT.AM.CEM] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.L, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_SH FAM.FT.SEP.SH] || Septohippocampal Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.thebrainlabs.com Cingulate Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR LAC.FD.HT.AR] || Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (ARC -> LHA)] || || || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM LAC.FD.HT.DM] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217 Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> LHA)] || || || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM LAC.FD.HT.VM] || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/302/2/R215 Glucose-sensing neural network (VMH -> LHA)] || || [BrainAreaLPC LPC] || [BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL LPC.HL.SOL] || Solitary Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (NTS -> LHA)] || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT FAM.FD.LHB.LT] || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHT -> LHbL)] || || || [BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED FAM.FD.LHB.MED] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHA -> LHbM)] || || [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV LAC.FD.HT.PV] || Paraventricular Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (LHA -> PVN)] || || [BrainAreaLMC LMC] || [BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG LMC.HL.RP.MG] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaNDM NDM] || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS] || Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (LHA -> OFC, abstract)] || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/images/dougherty/pdougherty4_3.jpg Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety] - see [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html Reference] (CP.SATIETY) ARC=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR] DMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM] LHA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] NTS=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL] PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] VMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/images/nrendo.2010.93-f1.jpg Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Reference] (CP.BOWELS) AMY=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM] ARC=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR] DS=Dorsal Striatum,FEC.FT.DST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) LHA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] ME=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE] NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) NTS=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL] OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) PBN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB] PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] VMN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM] VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable * [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/70852/fnhum-07-00826-HTML/image_m/fnhum-07-00826-g002.jpg Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full Reference] (CF.REM-HB) DBB=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB] DTG=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG] EPN=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF] GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) LHT=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] LHbL=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT] LHbM=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED] NI=[BrainRegionFAM_HT_TG_NI Incertus Nucleus,FAM.HT.TG.NI] RMTg=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG] Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [BrainCenterHL_RF Medullary Reticular Formation]) SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] VTG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTG] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/images/nn.3779-F2.jpg Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Reference] (CF.HB-DA5HT) DBB=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB] DRN=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN] GPb=Dorsal Pallidum,FEC.FT.DP (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) IPN=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] LHA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] LHbL=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT] LHbM=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED] LPO=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO] LS=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT Lateral Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.LT] MHb=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB] MRN=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [BrainCenterHL_RF Medullary Reticular Formation]) MS=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_MED Medial Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.MED] PS=Posterior Septal Group,FAM.FT.SEP.PG (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei]) RMTg=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG] SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v35/n1/images/npp2009121f1.jpg Fear regulation] - see [https://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Reference] (CF.FEAR-REG) B=Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.B (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala]) CE=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala]) Hippocampus=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) Hypothalamus=[BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus,FD.HT] ITC=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_ITC Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei,FAM.FT.AM.ITC] LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala]) Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) dlPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]) vmPFC=[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC] unavailable * [http://dkqlgfb5sk2dk.cloudfront.net/content/ajpregu/302/2/R215/F1.large.jpg Glucose-sensing neural network] - see [http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/302/2/R215 Reference] (CP.GLUCOSE) ARC=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR] DMN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM] LHA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] PVH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] VMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM] unavailable * [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.large.jpg Food-entrainable circadian oscillator] - see [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Reference] (CP.FOOD-OCSILLATOR) DMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM] LH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] NTS=[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL] PBN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB] PVH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] SCN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN] unavailable * [http://www.dana.org/uploadedImages/Images/Content_Images/SenBodyFunc2_PR2007_cont.jpg Eating and sleeping to survive] - see [http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217 Reference] (CP.DMH-CYCLES) ARC=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR] DMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM] LHA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] MPO=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO] PVH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] SCN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN] VLPO=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO] VMH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM] unavailable * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/intrahypothalamic.png Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance] - see [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Reference] (CL.INTRAHYPOTHALAMIC) AH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH] ARC=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR] DMN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM] LHA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] MPOA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO] PA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] SCH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN] SON=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SO Supraoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SO] VMN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM] unavailable * [http://d2avczb82rh8fa.cloudfront.net/content/jn/107/10/2633/F1.large.jpg Connectivity map of the habenula] - see [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Reference] (CF.HB-CONN) CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) EP=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF] Hippo=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) IPN=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] L=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula]) LH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] M=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB] NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [BrainCenterHL_RF Medullary Reticular Formation]) SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) Septum=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP] VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable * [http://sni.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3520/SNI-3-40-g001.png Amygdala and its network] - see [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Reference] (CF.AM-NET) BLN=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.BP] CEA=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala]) EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) HTS=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] ITC=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE] LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala]) LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula]) MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) MPFC=[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OMPFC] NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] RMTG=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG] STC=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3 Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3] VGDM=[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN] VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable = References = (generated) * http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html * http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html * http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full * http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html * https://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc * http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/302/2/R215 * http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html * http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217 * http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf * http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 * http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin