#summary Dentate Gyrus @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaFMM] -> [BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG] ---- This page covers biological details of component Dentate Gyrus. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Forebrain Telencephalon -> [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation] (FMM.FT.HF) -> Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC) -> [BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus] (FMM.FT.HC.DG) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: cortex * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaFMM Forebrain - Memory Management Area] (FMM) * *Area circuit*: Creating Fields (MMAHCF) * *Role*: processor.memory.dg * *Function*: Distinguishing multiple instances of similar events (generated) = Components = (generated) * no child items defined = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/FMM.FT.HC.DG.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFMM FMM] || [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC FMM.NC.PH.LEC] || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00061/full Neuronal projections in the hippocampus (ET -> DG, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_MEC FMM.NC.PH.MEC] || Medial Entorhinal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00061/full Neuronal projections in the hippocampus (ET -> DG, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER FMM.NC.PH.PER] || Perirhinal Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (PrC -> HF, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN LAC.FD.HT.PN] || Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM LAC.FD.HT.SUM] || Supramammillary Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm (SupraMM -> HF, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_NSC LRC.HT.NSC] || Nucleus Subceruleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFMM FMM] || [BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3D FMM.FT.HC.CA3D] || Distal CA3 of Hippocampus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00061/full Neuronal projections in the hippocampus (DG -> CA3, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3M FMM.FT.HC.CA3M] || Middle CA3 of Hippocampus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00061/full Neuronal projections in the hippocampus (DG -> CA3, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3P FMM.FT.HC.CA3P] || Proximal CA3 of Hippocampus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00061/full Neuronal projections in the hippocampus (DG -> CA3, abstract)] || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png Head Direction Cell Circuit] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference] (CT.HEAD-DIRECTION) AD=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD] DTN=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG] EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) IPD=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] LD=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD] LHAB=[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula,FAM.FD.HB] LMB=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB] MVSN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_MVBN Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN] NPRP=[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH] PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR PRHC=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POR Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR] PSUB=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS] RSP=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC] SUPGEN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG] VC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n7/images/nrn1432-f2.jpg Feeling] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n7 Reference] (CF.FEELING) AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) CG=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG] HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) HT=[BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus,FD.HT] unavailable * [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/46459/fpsyt-04-00061-HTML/image_m/fpsyt-04-00061-g002.jpg Neuronal projections in the hippocampus] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00061/full Reference] (CF.AM-HC) BLA=Basolateral Nuclear Complex,FAM.FT.AM.BL (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala]) CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) DG=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG] ET=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030100820900183X-gr4.jpg Simplified model of hippocampal formation anatomy] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030100820900183X Reference] (CT.OPERATING-MODEL) Amyg=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM] CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) DG=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG] EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) mPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) unavailable * [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference] (CT.LONG-TERM-MEMORY-VTA) ACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) DG=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG] EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) PPTG=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN] SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1571064507000243-gr008.jpg KIV model of cortico-hippocampal formation with subcortical projections for motor actions] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571064507000243 Reference] (CT.KIV-MODEL) AON=[BrainRegionLPC_FT_AON Anterior Olfactory Nucleus,LPC.FT.AON] CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) CA2=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA2 Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA2] CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) DG=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG] EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) PC=[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR] unavailable * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg Hippocampal Formation] - see [article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf Reference] (CT.HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION) ATN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) DG=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG] DTN=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT] EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) LDN=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD] LMam=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB] PoS=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS] Rsp=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC] Sub=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) unavailable * [http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3637_thumb.jpg Hippocampus in Detail] - see [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-limbic-system-integrative-systems-part-1/ Reference] (CT.HC-IMAGE) CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) CA2=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA2 Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA2] CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) CA4=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG] unavailable * [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.gif Principal Connections of Hippocampus] - see [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html Reference] (CT.CINGULUM-CONNECTIONS) AM=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM] AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) DG=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG] DorsalCingulate=[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG] EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) HC=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) MB=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB] PosteriorCingulate=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG] SEP=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP] SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) VentralCingulate=[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG] unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030645220600755X-gr1.jpg Flow of impulses in hippocampal region] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030645220600755X Reference] (CT.CA2) CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) CA2=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA2 Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA2] CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) DG=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG] ENT=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) PRES=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PRS Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS] SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) unavailable * [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/14/11/714/F1.large.jpg Attractor Network in Hippocampus] - see [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/14/11/714/F1.expansion Reference] (CT.ATTRACTOR-NETWORK) AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) DG=[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG] EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) MBIN=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB] MBOUT=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB] NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) PERI=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER] PRESUB=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PRS Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS] SEP=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP] SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) unavailable = References = (generated) * http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n7 * http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00061/full * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030100820900183X * http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571064507000243 * article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf * http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-limbic-system-integrative-systems-part-1/ * http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030645220600755X * http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/14/11/714/F1.expansion