#summary Interpeduncular Nucleus @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaFEC] -> [BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD] ---- This page covers biological details of component Interpeduncular Nucleus. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Hindbrain Metencephalon -> [BrainCenterHT_TG Pontine Tegmental Nuclei] (HT.TG) -> [BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus] (FEC.HT.TG.IPD) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: nucleus * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaFEC Forebrain - Execution Control Area] (FEC) * *Area circuit*: Motor Flexor Loop (FECMF) * *Role*: basal.ganglia.pptn * *Function*: postural control, voluntary arm and eye movements * *Notes to function*: * unpaired (generated) = Components = (generated) * no child items defined = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/FEC.HT.TG.IPD.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB FAM.FD.MHB] || Medial Habenula || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (M -> IPN)] || || [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_ICD FEC.FD.STN.ICD] || Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED FEC.FT.SNR.MED] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG FEC.HT.TG.RMTG] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaLMC LMC] || [BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC LMC.HT.LC] || Locus Coeruleus || modulatory-ne || uncertain ||[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> IPN)] || || || [BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT LMC.HT.TG.LDT] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || modulatory-ach || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_LT FEC.FD.STN.LT] || Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral || modulatory-ach || uncertain || (unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT FEC.FT.SNC.LT] || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral || modulatory-ach || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> SNc, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaFMM FMM] || [BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3P FMM.FT.HC.CA3P] || Proximal CA3 of Hippocampus || modulatory-ach || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> Hippo, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaLMC LMC] || [BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG LMC.HL.RP.MG] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || modulatory-ach || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> Raphe, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT LMC.HT.TG.LDT] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || modulatory-ach || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (IPD -> DTN)] || || || [BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || modulatory-ach || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> PAG)] || || || [BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN LMC.MM.RP.DRN] || Dorsal Raphe Nucleus || modulatory-ach || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> DRN)] || || || [BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA] || Ventral Tegmental Area || modulatory-ach || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> VTA)] || || [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT LRC.MM.SC.INT] || Intermediate Superior Colliculus || modulatory-ach || uncertain || (unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaNSA NSA] || [BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN NSA.FD.LGN] || Lateral Geniculate Nucleus || modulatory-ach || uncertain || (unknown reference) || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png Head Direction Cell Circuit] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference] (CT.HEAD-DIRECTION) AD=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD] DTN=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG] EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex]) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) IPD=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] LD=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD] LHAB=[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula,FAM.FD.HB] LMB=[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB] MVSN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_MVBN Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN] NPRP=[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH] PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR PRHC=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POR Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR] PSUB=[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS] RSP=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC] SUPGEN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG] VC=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/images/nn.3779-F2.jpg Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Reference] (CF.HB-DA5HT) DBB=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB] DRN=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN] GPb=Dorsal Pallidum,FEC.FT.DP (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) IPN=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] LHA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] LHbL=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT] LHbM=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED] LPO=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO] LS=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT Lateral Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.LT] MHb=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB] MRN=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [BrainCenterHL_RF Medullary Reticular Formation]) MS=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_MED Medial Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.MED] PS=Posterior Septal Group,FAM.FT.SEP.PG (see [BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei]) RMTg=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG] SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable * [http://d2avczb82rh8fa.cloudfront.net/content/jn/107/10/2633/F1.large.jpg Connectivity map of the habenula] - see [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Reference] (CF.HB-CONN) CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) EP=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF] Hippo=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) IPN=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] L=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula]) LH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] M=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB] NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [BrainCenterHL_RF Medullary Reticular Formation]) SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) Septum=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP] VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/images/nrn2849-f7.jpg Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Reference] (CF.HB-NICOTINE) IPN=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC] LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula]) MHB=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB] unavailable * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg Habenula Connections] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Reference] (CF.HB-CONNECTIONS) CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) DBB=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB] DR=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN] GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) IP=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus]) LHb=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula]) LPO=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO] MHb=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB] MR=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC Superior Central Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.SUC] PB=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE] S=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP] SNc=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT] VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable * [http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royptb/364/1519/1005/F1.large.jpg Connectivity of dorsal diencephalic conduction system] - see [http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1519/1005 Reference] (CF.HB-ASYMM) IPN=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] LHb=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula]) MHb=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB] unavailable = References = (generated) * http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells * http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html * http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html * http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula * http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1519/1005