#summary Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaFEC] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT] ---- This page covers biological details of component Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Forebrain Telencephalon -> [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia] (FEC.FT.BG) -> Substantia Nigra (FEC.FT.SN) -> Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (FEC.FT.SNC) -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral] (FEC.FT.SNC.LT) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: nucleus * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaFEC Forebrain - Execution Control Area] (FEC) * *Area circuit*: Executive/Cognitive Loop (FECEXE) * *Role*: basal.ganglia.nigracompacta * *Function*: executive loop * *Notes to function*: * DP, dorsal circuits (generated) = Components = (generated) * no child items defined = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/FEC.FT.SNC.LT.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFAM FAM] || [BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED FAM.FD.LHB.MED] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (LHb -> SNc, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_HD FEC.FT.CN.HD] || Caudate Nucleus Head || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||[http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements (CN -> SN, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DS FEC.FT.GPI.DS] || Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||[https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL FEC.FT.SNR.DL] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||[http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Oculomotor decision-making (SNr -> SNc)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_RM FEC.FT.SNR.RM] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial || inhibitory-gaba || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD FEC.HT.TG.IPD] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || modulatory-ach || uncertain ||[http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> SNc, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaLRC LRC] || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP LRC.MM.SC.DEEP] || Deep Superior Colliculus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (SCi -> SNc, abstract)] || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || modulatory-da || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT FEC.FT.PU.LT] || Dorsal Putamen Lateral || modulatory-da || uncertain || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (SNC -> PU)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED FEC.FT.PU.MED] || Dorsal Putamen Medial || modulatory-da || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)] || || [BrainAreaLLC LLC] || [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC LLC.HT.CR.CC] || Cerebellar Lateral Lobe || modulatory-da || uncertain || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (SN -> CR, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD_MG LLC.MM.RD.MG] || Magnocellular Part of Red Nucleus || modulatory-da || uncertain || (unknown reference) || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg Saccadic Vision] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Reference] (CP.SACCADIC-VISION) BG=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex]) FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SNpr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area]) Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://www.endurance-education.com/home/aragorn/www/endurance/htdocs/wp-content/uploads/Stephenson-Jones-2012-Fig-9-1024x489.png Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey] - see [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Reference] (CM.SN-PPN) GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) PPN=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN] SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area]) unavailable * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/motor_top.jpg Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior] - see [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Reference] (CM.PFC-MOTOR) CN.PU=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) CR=[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC] GP=Globus Pallidus,FEC.FT.GP (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]) MC=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC] PMC=[BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC] PN=Pontine Nuclear Complex,HT.PN (see [BrainCenterHT_SN Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei]) SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) TH=Ventral Thalamus,FD.TH.VTH (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_MR Motor Thalamus]) unavailable * [http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract] - see [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference] (CM.ONUF) CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) DVM=[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN] IMG=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_IMG Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG] IML=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML] LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC] MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) MPOA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO] NBM=[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM] ONF=[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF] PBN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB] PEL=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PPG Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG] PU=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT] PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] SNC=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT] SPS=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_SPS Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS] VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] ZI=[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI] unavailable * [http://d2avczb82rh8fa.cloudfront.net/content/jn/107/10/2633/F1.large.jpg Connectivity map of the habenula] - see [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Reference] (CF.HB-CONN) CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) EP=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF] Hippo=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation]) IPN=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] L=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula]) LH=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN] M=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB] NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) PAG=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG] Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [BrainCenterHL_RF Medullary Reticular Formation]) SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) Septum=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP] VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable * [http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg Oculomotor decision-making] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Reference] (CP.OCULOMOTOR-DECISION-MAKING) AMYG=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM] CGa=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area]) CGp=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG] Caudate=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see [BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex]) LIP=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP] NAC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) PFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]) SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SEF=[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SMC_SEF Supplementary Eye Field,NPE.NC.SMC.SEF] SNc=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT] SNr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference] (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM) ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus]) BGA=[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG] FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT LGN=[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN] OPN=[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN] ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus]) RF=[BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF] Retina=[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT] SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]) SNc=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT] SNr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see [BrainCenterSC_VH Anterior/Ventral Horn]) Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) VisualCortex=[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC] unavailable * [http://www.mdvu.org/images/par_path2.jpg Normal Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia] - see [http://www.mdvu.org/library/disease/pd/par_path.asp Reference] (CM.NORMAL-BG-ANATOMY) GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) SNc=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT] SNr=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL] STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area]) VA=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA] VL=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL] unavailable * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg Habenula Connections] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Reference] (CF.HB-CONNECTIONS) CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) DBB=[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB] DR=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN] GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) IP=[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD] LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus]) LHb=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula]) LPO=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO] MHb=[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB] MR=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC Superior Central Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.SUC] PB=[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE] S=[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP] SNc=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT] VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] unavailable = References = (generated) * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html * http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs * https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 * http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders * http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 * http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 * http://www.mdvu.org/library/disease/pd/par_path.asp * http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula