#summary Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainAreaFEC] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD] ---- This page covers biological details of component Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to region*: Forebrain Diencephalon -> [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area] (FEC.FD.STA) -> Subthalamic Nucleus (FEC.FD.STN) -> [BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal] (FEC.FD.STN.CD) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Type*: nucleus * *Quality*: L0 * *Brain area*: [BrainAreaFEC Forebrain - Execution Control Area] (FEC) * *Area circuit*: Executive/Cognitive Loop (FECEXE) * *Role*: basal.ganglia.subthalamus * *Function*: Executive loop (generated) = Components = (generated) *Component items*: * *Zona Incerta* (*BGA.FD.STN.ZI*) = Connectivity = (generated) http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/FEC.FD.STN.CD.dot.png *Inbound Region Connections:* || *Source Area* || *Source Region* || *Source Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaLAC LAC] || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM LAC.FD.HT.VM] || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||(unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaNDM NDM] || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG NDM.NC.AL.DACG] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.neurology.org/content/70/21/1991/F2.expansion.html Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (ACG -> STN, abstract)] || *Outbound Region Connections:* || *Target Area* || *Target Region* || *Target Name* || *Type* || *Role* || *Reference* || || [BrainAreaFEC FEC] || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_DS FEC.FT.GPE.DS] || Globus Pallidus External Dorsal || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (STN -> GPe, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DS FEC.FT.GPI.DS] || Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html Basal Ganglia Activity (STN -> GPi, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_RM FEC.FT.SNR.RM] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) || || [BrainAreaLMC LMC] || [BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM LMC.FT.NBM] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) || = Thirdparty Circuits = (generated) * [http://www.endurance-education.com/home/aragorn/www/endurance/htdocs/wp-content/uploads/Stephenson-Jones-2012-Fig-9-1024x489.png Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey] - see [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Reference] (CM.SN-PPN) GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) PPN=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN] SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area]) unavailable * [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou_2b.jpg Basal Ganglia Activity] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html Reference] (CM.BASAL-GANGLIA-ACTIVITY) GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) GPo=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) M1=[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC] PMC=[BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC] PU=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) S1=[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1] SMC=[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC] SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area]) VLo=[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL] unavailable * [http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract] - see [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference] (CM.ONUF) CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia]) DVM=[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN] IMG=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_IMG Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG] IML=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML] LC=[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC] MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]) MPOA=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO] NBM=[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM] ONF=[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF] PBN=[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB] PEL=[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PPG Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG] PU=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT] PVN=[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV] SNC=[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT] SPS=[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_SPS Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS] VTA=[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA] ZI=[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI] unavailable = References = (generated) * http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs * http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html * http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders