#summary Insular Cortex
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This page covers biological details of component group Insular Cortex.
Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

  * *Top-down path to center*: Cerebral Cortex -> Temporal Lobe (NC.LOBE.TEMP) -> Insular Cortex (NC.INS) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps])
  * *Function*: Visceral representation, pain, habits
  * *Notes to function*: Interoception, merges tactile and auditory streams
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


*Component items*:
  * [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC Posterior Insular Cortex] (NCP.NC.INS.PIC): Awareness and sensation of pain
  * [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC Anterior Insular Cortex] (NCP.NC.INS.AIC): Risky and moral decision making, articulation
  * [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_HR Anterior Temporal Lobe] (NCP.NC.INS.HR): Relaying blood pressure and blood chemistry information to brain
  * [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PPC Peripaleocortical Claustral] (NCP.NC.INS.PPC): Relays proprioception

= Connectivity =
(generated)


*Internal Regions Connections:*

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/CENTER.NC.INS_internals.dot.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


|| *Source Region* || *Target Region* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC Posterior Insular Cortex] (NCP.NC.INS.PIC) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC Anterior Insular Cortex] (NCP.NC.INS.AIC) || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (Iav -> IadIap, abstract)] ||
||  || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PPC Peripaleocortical Claustral] (NCP.NC.INS.PPC) || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (Iav -> IadIap, abstract)] ||

*External Connections:*

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/CENTER.NC.INS_externals.dot.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

*External Inbound Center Connections:*

|| *Source Center* || *Sample Link* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainCenterFAM_FT_CEAM Central Extended Amygdala] (FAM.FT.CEAM) || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF FAM.FT.EPF] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC NCP.NC.INS.AIC]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (EnP -> Iav, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus] (FD.TH.CR) || [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC NCP.FD.TH.MDC] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC NCP.NC.INS.AIC]||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> INS, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus] (FD.TH.SR) || [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL NCP.FD.TH.VPL] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_HR NCP.NC.INS.HR]||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> INS, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation] (HT.RF) || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC NCP.NC.INS.PIC]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (PB -> Gud, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex] (NC.PHA.RH) || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR NSA.NC.PH.PIR] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC NCP.NC.INS.AIC]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (PiR -> Iav, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainCenterNC_SPL Superior Parietal Lobule] (NC.SPL) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_SPL_SA NCP.NC.SPL.SA] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC NCP.NC.INS.PIC]||(unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainCenterNC_STG Superior Temporal Gyrus] (NC.STG) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_TPC NCP.NC.TPC] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC NCP.NC.INS.AIC]||[http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full Directed Effort Network (tPole -> Insula, abstract)] ||

*External Outbound Center Connections:*

|| *Target Center* || *Sample Link* || *Reference* ||
|| [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala] (FAM.FT.AM) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC NCP.NC.INS.PIC] -> [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BM FAM.FT.AM.BM]||[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Afferent pain pathways (Insula -> AMY, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainCenterFMM_NC_PHA_RS Retrosubicular Area] (FMM.NC.PHA.RS) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PPC NCP.NC.INS.PPC] -> [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PRS FMM.NC.PH.PRS]||(unknown reference) ||
|| [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area] (NC.ACG) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC NCP.NC.INS.AIC] -> [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG NDM.NC.AL.VACG]||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (INS -> ACG, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex] (NC.AL.LPFC) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC NCP.NC.INS.AIC] -> [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG NDM.NC.AL.IPG]||[http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full Directed Effort Network (Insula -> fPole, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex] (NC.AL.OMPFC) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PPC NCP.NC.INS.PPC] -> [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC NDM.NC.AL.FPC]||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (INS -> MPFC, abstract)] ||
|| [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex] (NC.PHA.RH) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC NCP.NC.INS.AIC] -> [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER FMM.NC.PH.PER]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (Iav -> PrC, abstract)] ||